Will Work For Free | OFFICIAL RELEASE | 2013

Will Work For Free is a documentary by Sam Vallely on the subject of technological unemployment.
this work is protected under fair use and will always be free.

Facebook:
https://www.facebook.com/willworkforfree

Muse - Madness
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ek0SgwWmF9w

GEA Farm Technologies MIone robotic milking system for dairy cows:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NGSc5ZTU57E

EGNOS for precision farming:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r365Qw77JcE

Lee Cronin: Print your own medicine:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAEqvn7B2Qg

Sugata Mitra's new experiments in self-teaching:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dk60sYrU2RU

RSA Animate - Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6XAPnuFjJc

Ultra-Ever Dry - Superhydrophobic coating:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPM8OR6W6WE

Solar Roadways: The Prototype:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ep4L18zOEYI

Geothermal Heating:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ajqiPe_9Ko

For information on RBE(Resource-Based Economy):
http://www.thevenusproject.com/

Sign up to the TZM Mailing List:
http://www.thezeitgeistmovement.com/

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Животът.. всичко е за оцеляването и никой
от нас не знае колко му остава на тази планета.

Нашата задача, като вид е да предвиждаме и

елиминираме заплахите за нашето
оцеляване.

Коя ли е най-голямата заплаха?
Замърсяването? Болестите? Природните бедствия?

Вглеждайки се сме открили и идентифицирали
доста потенциални заплахи,

и затова имаме "война срещу тероризма", "война
срещу престъпленията", наркотиците, ракът...

но замисляме ли се над основните
ни животоподържащи нужди?

По принцип не е нужно, защото за щастие
имаме система, система при която

цената на тези нужди може да се плати. Можеш
да работиш за пари, които

да ти осигурят храна, вода и
дом, и е добре, че имаме такава

система, защото без пари си
загубен. А, ако останеш без работа

пак няма нужда да се притесняваш, защото
имаме и друга система. Ако не си на работа,

независимо защо, просто кандидатстваш
за социална помощ.

Понеже всички работещи плащат данъци, а
правителството разбира, че определен

процент безработица е нормално да се
очаква, те просто отделят част от парите

от данъци и ги прехвърлят към безработните
хора, чрез магическия процес на преразпределението.

Но това те кара да се замислиш. Ако това
е голямото ни решение, то къде е границата?

Какво ниво на безработица можем да подържаме?
И какво би се случило, ако изведнъж работните места

изчезнат?

Светът е изправен пред огромно предизвикателство
и е нужно да се открият, чуйте това,

шестотин милиона работни позиции, за да
има икономически растеж и социална сплотеност.

____________

Maveric Media представя:

Defence giant BAE SYSTEMS has confirmed its
cutting almost three thousand jobs at sites

across the country.
Tata Steel which employs nineteen thousand

people in its UK steel business has announced
it is cutting nine hundred jobs around the

UK
Another blow to the region's economy today

as the energy giant EON has announced that
six hundred jobs are to go at a call centre

in Essox
The Phyzer facility in Kent, the world's

biggest drugs company runs the UKs largest
foreign owned research and developments facility.

It will close entirely with the loss of most
of two thousand four hundred jobs.

Ford has announced to trade union representatives
that it will cease manufacturing cars in the

UK after more than one hundred years.
Japans Honda is to cut around eight hundred

jobs at its plant near Swindon in south-west
England.

And we start tonight with news at the BBC
has announced cuts and job losses across the

region as part of a plan to make twenty percent
savings

Hundreds of police jobs have already been
slashed with thousands more under threat

Kodak the firm that invented the handheld
camera and remains one of Americas best known

brands has filed for bankruptcy protection.
Rangers football club one of the most famous

in Britain has announced its gone into administration.
More than three hundred of the eight hundred

stores that Woolworths use to occupy are still
standing empty more than a year and a half

after it collapsed at the end of 2008.
More retailers are expected to go bust over

the next few months.
All one hundred and eighty seven outlets are

to be shut with the loss of almost fourteen
hundred jobs, the administrator said that

it is apparent we cannot continue to trade.
It was once Britain's biggest sports retailer

but today JJB SPORTS announced plans to go
into administration.

Six and a half thousand jobs are at risk after
electrical retailer Comet announced it's

going into administration.
More than four thousand jobs at risk after

HMV announced that it was going into administration,
it follows other chains.

Its Blockbuster, its become the latest casualty
on the high-street this week, a quarter of

its stores are going to close, more than seven
hundred people are going to be made redundant.

There's serious doubts now about the future
of around six thousand jobs around the UK

after the company asked for its shares to
be suspended last Wednesday.

Former LaSenza employees have come to the
decision to occupy the store as a direct consequence

of the actions of management.
A buyer hasn't been found with the group

currently employs a total of nearly four thousand
staff.

Taiwan's IT giant FOXCONN announced its
plans to replace up to half a million human

workers with robots in the next three years.
It's called "scan as you shop" customers

love it. It's a very simple system.
Each load is almost three hundred tons, but

look closely. There's no one behind the
wheel.

The facility boasts the first robotics system
in the UK to deliver supplies such as linen

and food and an automated robotic pharmacy.

A Sam Vallely FILM

Will work for food

Will work for free

This isn't the first time unemployment has
been a threat to this system.

20 years ago, UK unemployment accounted for
10% of the population. It marked one of the

worst recessions in our history with significant
waves of rioting. However in ninety three,

unemployment took a turn, somehow the jobs
came back and things got better.

This growth in employment is just what we
needed, however it only lasted till two thousand

one. Then the rates stagnated, the increased.
By two thousand nine we were back to around

eight percent. But it's reassuring to see
the recent trends of unemployment have slowed

since then. Or at least it would be reassuring,
if it weren't for this. This chart shows

the trends of part time versus full time employment.
Notice how the increase in part time employment

runs almost parallel to the decrease of full
time employment. So, where one person may

have been working say, a 40 hours week contract...
now, two people would each be contracted 20

hour, and funnily enough, this cross over
section occurred in two thousand nine. So

because technically more people are employed,
the rates falsely imply a slight slowing down

of job loss, but in reality, the amount of
avalible work is shrinking and the economy

is only getting worse.
Sso what happened last time we were in this

mess going? let's go back to 93, what changed?
Was it an orderly street protest which brought

back the jobs?
Perhaps it was some well thought out policy

from parliament that changed things.
Maybe everyone just stopped being lazy and

simultaneously arrived at the decision to
go out there and get a job. But maybe it has

something to do with technology.
In 93 Microsoft realised their Windows NT

operating system, Intel developed the first
Pentium processor and the National Centre

for Supercomputing Applications released version
1 of "Mosaic" which was to be world's

first internet web browser. It is estimated
the Internet grew throughout the 90's at

a rate of 100% per year. Subsequently improving
global communication and creating many jobs

within developed countries. Now to remove
any speculation as to whether or not this

was the reason for the growth in jobs, it
should be noted that throughout the nineties,

our employment trends were almost identical
to the U.S. trends and in a 2007 paper, a

team of Harvard economists found "the economic
expansion of the nineties was in fact driven

by the increased efficiency in the production
of IT, including computing, software and telecommunication.

The birth of the internet had propelled us
in to a new age and saved us from further

degradation. However, while emerging technology
is responsible for having created many new

jobs, technology has been known to replace
jobs throughout history.

When employment stagnated in two thousand
one, this wasn't because technology had

stopped expanding or that there weren't
any new ideas, the stagnation is simply because

technology is ever improving, and the numbers
of new jobs were being matched by the number

of job losses.

Economists will always deny that technology
replaces jobs. It's called the Lump of labour

fallacy. Essentially it's the notion that
technology merely redistributes human workers,

the jobs which become obsolete or automated
simply allow humans to explore new sectors,

perhaps even invent new industries which have
yet to be conceived of. Well, while this idea

may have been partially true in the past,
the argument simply doesn't hold up anymore.

Computers these days are much smaller, faster
and durable, with ever increasing mobility,

dexterity and artificial intelligence. They
also become cheaper as time goes on. Moore's

law demonstrates how computer processing power
doubles approximately every eighteen months.

So even if we were to create new jobs... why
are we pretending we would give these jobs

to humans?

So what does the government have to say about
all this? Well In June of 2011 not knowing

what to do with the increasing unemployment,
they invested ВЈ5B in the welfare to work

scheme, also known as the work program. This
five year program promises to help 2.4 million

people, find and secure long term employment
by paying private companies to do the work

of actually looking for jobs on behalf of
their unemployed clients.

One year later the department for work and
pensions released the figures. Turns out the

work program was a complete failure... only
3.4% of all those who signed up to the program

actually found work. 3.4%! Let's just put
that into context. What percentage of people

looking for work, gained employment without
the help of the program? 1%? 2%? Well the

figures from the same period showed 5.5%...
That's right; if you are assigned to a program

you are statistically less likely to find
a job. Now, the failure of the work program

can be largely attributed to the lack of available
jobs, but perhaps there's another factor,

in joining the program, if you find a job,
you forfeit your right to minimum wage employment

and in place you are subsidised with an amount
equivalent to job seekers allowance. Making

the work program essentially a paid slavery
scheme, excused under the guise of gaining

experience. In late 2012, university graduate
Cait Reilly disputed the legality of the program

after being assigned to stacking shelves in
Poundland. Initially the appeal was rejected;

however after further appeal by 2013 three
judges had ruled "the regulations, under

which most of the back-to-work schemes were
created, are unlawful"

Whatever the government's response to this
ruling will be, they will not stop in their

efforts to resolve the threat of unemployment,
but let's face it. Unemployment is not a

threat to this system for the reasons we are
usually given by mainstream outlets. Forget

all the noise about the recession, benefit
cheats, immigration or this idea that people

are simply too lazy to look for a job.

Atomisation, thus technological unemployment
is a mathematical inevitability of a system

based on perpetual growth. And this pending
eventuality is vastly misunderstood by the

majority. And not just the majority of voters,
there isn't a single politician who acknowledges

let alone understands the implications of
technological unemployment. And what's worse,

when human beings don't understand something,
that's where fear comes from. We fear what

we don't understand, and we fight what we
don't understand.

Ok I have a very concrete question for you
because you're getting wrapped up in this

money and regulators and who is at fault.
Technological automation is replacing jobs

at the moment and it has been forever, it's
doubling every year, that's the rate regardless

of what financial system you have and what
regulators you put in their place. So, without

jobs as a basis for the economy, it's not
really a question more of a statement, your

system is going to be obsolete and in fact
your very lucky that you've been working

this long because you get to get out at the
last floor, its going away.

Yeah but on the other side of the coin I fear
for my children. Absolutely, absolutely so

why are you a fan of the banks then?

Retail
High-street

In recent times high street shops have been
disappearing at staggering rates, taking thousands

of jobs with them.
1998 - 2009 First Quench Retailing

1909 - 2009 Woolworths
1973 - 2011 Hawkin's Bazaar

1999 - 2011 D2 Jeans
1990 - 2011 Officers Club

1987 - 2011 Focus DIY
1931 - 2012 Blacks

1990 - 2012 La Senza
2008 - 2012 Best Buy Europe

1968 - 2012 Clinton Cards
1903 - 2012 Barratts

1993 - 2012 Gamestation
1933 - 2012 Comet

1991 - 2012 Optical Express
1971 - 2012 JJB Sports

1963 - 2012 Oddbins
1992 - 2012 Game Group

1921 - 2012 HMV
1935 - 2013 Jessops

1934 - 2013 Ethel Austin
1985 - 2013 Blockbuster and more.

Now, it's obvious some of these stores have
not disappeared entirely. Many have moved

into warehouse distribution and their stores
still exist in the form of websites; you may

also be wondering why I have included companies
like Game in this list, since there are in

fact GAME stores on the high street today.
Well I do so to make a point, see in 2012

when GAME went bust, the Swedish "Nordic Games"
acquiesced the GAME Group, they acquired the

brand as well as the companies stores and
employee contracts. But this is actually a

different company altogether. GAME wasn't
resurrected through strategical advertising,

market booms or stern administrative decisions.
The company we all knew as "GAME" went

bust... It lost. But GAME still had brand
status. If it didn't, these shops fronts

would read "Nordic Games".

So why is there so much failure in retail?
Are we merely witnessing the natural boom

and bust cycles of free market economics?
Or are we actually witnessing a retail transition?

Looking back, our high streets were consisted
of small family owned businesses, but the

more companies grows, mergers and acquisitions
become inevitable and the smaller stores get

phased out as they struggle to compete for
market share, eventually being replaced by

conglomerates.
In much the same way, a natural evolution

of retail is occurring again. Only this time
the shops are being phased out and the replacement

is coming in the form of websites. And software
applications, which are conveniently accessible

with smart phones, are subsequently reduce
our dependency on outlets such as high-street

banks, betting shops and travel agencies.
You've probably already witnessed technological

unemployment on some level. For camera and
film orientated shops like Jessops, it's

not so hard to understand. Barely anyone with
a modern phone is going to buy a disposable

camera and pay money to have film developed;
and there probably aren't too many people

with 8-megapixle camera phones who also require
digital cameras. Due to advancing technology

these stores had suddenly become "specialist
stores" their customers now having to mainly

consist of serious photographers.

Entertainment
For music, video and games stores, there are

five main threats here.
One -- Supermarkets, supermarkets are selling

a lot of the same products and most of the
time cheaper.

Two - On-line Stores like Amazon, they also
offer good deals with the added comfort twenty

four hour browsing and of course, item delivery.
Three - Pawn shops like cash converters, they

get away with selling entertainment at a second
hand rate making them even cheaper than the

supermarkets.
Four -- On-line digital downloads and streaming,

with apps like iTunes and Netflix conveniently
accessible through smart TV's, gaming consoles,

PC, and most phone and tablet devices. But
let's not forget about five. Good old fashion

piracy. With the advancements of fibre optic
broadband, you can now download entire movies

in a matter of minutes. Not that I'm suggesting
you do that of course. That would be illegal.

I'm just saying it's easier and faster
than going to the shops, waiting on the post

man or signing in the Netflix account on the
PS3. As an aside, if any part of you is enraged

at the thought of all these immoral people
illegally sharing media. Why not aim some

of that authentic aggression at the idea of
a society which distributes digital entertainment

in physical form. The wastefulness of this
would be equivalent to having a unique physical

address in order to access each and every
website in existence. But perhaps you li the

plastic cases... and what's wrong with the
plastic cases? Well, the case itself is made

from polypropylene, while the clear film sleeve
is made from polyester. By bonding these different

plastic materials together, it makes them
almost impossible to properly recycle on large

scale, so when the plastic rips, breaks or
even just gets old and wasted.. They have

to be either buried in landfills or incinerated
which of course produces toxic chemicals.

and this is the system we support by the way
we choose to purchase entertainment, despite

having had the possibility of digital alternatives
for over a decade.

Asking people to shop in these stores is asking
us to live in an unnatural counter progressive

way.
So perhaps the failure of these stores is

a good thing. But good or bad, a digital acquisition
is upon us and the failures of these stores

are simply a matter of time. And yes, even
if they sell their brand status, they are

failing. Nordic GAME won't be too far behind
either.

But what about book stores like Waterstones?
Well the increase of tablets and e-book readers

certainly poses a threat. However I can imagine
the feel of a book, which people are oh so

nostalgic about, will be used as a "justification"
argument for the continued stifling of a successful

digital transition. But, even without a digital
alternative, Waterstone's in particular

is facing the same threat of on-line distribution
as well as competition from supermarkets.

As are almost all product based stores - products
to do with body care, cosmetics, clothing,

mobile phones, electronic appliances and even
musical equipment. However there is an argument

to be made that physical stores are different,
perhaps better than a website or a supermarket,

in that they provide "knowledgeable staff".
Perhaps you're not sure what product is

best for you. In these shops, you can interact
with friendly sales people who are qualified

to offer advice and help you make the right
decision. Well, while it is true that retail

employees are trained to help customers and
they are required to have a certain level

of knowledge about the product. They also
have something which no one really questions.

Sales targets, either the staff or the store
itself will have target requirements. If i

wandered into a phone shop unsure of what
to buy and make the mistake of telling the

sales person that I'm not too familiar with
the differences I leave myself open to a product

sale bias, in this scenario the store has
no problems selling the "best" products.

So instead I might be presented with an inferior
product which the store is struggling to offload,

the sales person's job here becomes distorted,
and I the customer will most likely be subjected

to an eager sales pitch as opposed to honest
insight.

You are going to get whats ever in this box
for ВЈ24.99 Oh No! NO! He's put three bottles

of "sex in the City" for twenty six pounds
ninety nine! At thirty six quid each! You

need to buy...
Boys please! Please!

No! NO! No! NO! You need to buy now.

In our current system, money is the driving
force and as such the advice and intent to

help a consumer make the right decision, is
only a conditionality when required. But the

main priority is always profit.
I know this is designed for kids, we've...

I've had some fun with this thing.
This is amazing, whats so great about this

is kids love tablets, they love playing with
tablets, they love the games, the love the

educational games but mom and dad want them
to be safe, they want them they want to do,

ya know everything on, but ya know... its...mmmm
You ok? Ok...

What it does is it gives us an opportunity
for us to be able to offer a piece of electronic

equipment that is simple for children to operate
but also, mom and dad can operate it as well.

At ВЈ149.94 the secret of it is that it has
all the technology that mom and dad's tablet

has, it's got the android operating system
4.0, it's got all.

Now, had we instead used the internet as a
guide, either through social media or public

forums, we would obtain better and more accurate
advice. The usefulness of these "sales people"

which we have all grown accustomed to, pale
in comparison to the advice found on-line...

The rating systems found on public forums
are in fact designed to weed out any bad or

incorrect information and without it we are
all vulnerable to the biases, lies and manipulation

of self-righteous profit seekers.

But perhaps there's another element to the
physical shopping experience that I'm missing?

What about the clothing shops? I have to admit
even I thought they wouldn't be as affected

by on-line alternatives for the simple fact
that most people like to try before they buy.

Who buys clothes without trying them on first?
Well, I mean... I do but maybe that's because

I'm a guy... When i buy a t-shirt i look
for the ones with the big "L" and they

never let me down... Maybe being male i don't
have to account for boob size when evaluating

comfort. But surly women don't prefer buying
on-line without getting to try the clothes

on first? Well, surprisingly when women's
clothing store "Internacionale" launched their

on-line store in 2012. They took in more profit
in that one day from the website than all

their retail outlets combined. That surprised
me. Clothing doesn't seem to have any intrinsic

immunity to the threat of on-line alternatives.

Taking a look at retail outside of on-line
threats, perhaps there is also something to

be said about specialist shops in times of
recession, shops which specialise in ties

for instance or underwear, shoes, jeans, suits,
exercise clothing and outdoor clothing. If

we had a store dedicated to just socks. would
that work? Maybe in these hard times it's

not surprising why all-in-one stores like
Primark seem to be staying afloat. You want

a shirt? Primark. You want a dress? Primark.
shoes, costume jewellery, candles, cushions,

towels....even a mankini!? And the comfort
of finding everything under one roof also

stretches out to supermarkets. And speaking
of supermarkets, what happened when they began

to implement self-service tills? In this Tesco's
the nine items or less section has been completely

replaced with self-scanning. So now, only
one job is required to assist those unfamiliar

with the process or those trying to purchase
items which require age verification. When

this technology extends to the larger conveyor
belt sections as it has been in pockets. or

more importantly, when high street stores
like Primark adopt self-serving systems, Retail

will undergo yet another transitionary phase
resulting in thousands of redundancies and

these job losses will not be temporary, for
once this process is in place there is no

reasonable argument to go back to having lines
of paid humans who are in fact now more expensive

in the long run... and this new self-service
revolution doesn't end there...

Vending

General convenience stores are now entirely
replaceable with vending machine kiosks.

A company called "Shop 24" has over 190
locations in Europe and they have already

begun UK implementation, and as the name suggests,
these vending stores are open all hours, giving

them an even greater advantage over conventional
human required methods. Vending machine stores

will also start to crop up in the form of
sweet shops and "on-the-go" cuisine, offering

hot drinks, soft drinks, desserts, chips,
noodles, hot dogs and even pizza. Complete

vending machine integration of cafГ©s and
lunch bars are on the horizon, as well as

local pubs consisting of alcohol, cigarette
and "pub food" vending. The only human

required job here would be a moderator/bouncer
hybrid, ensuring no one under the legal drinking

age gains access. But even the need for human
age verification is threatened by technology.

Today we have the "iSample", a vending
machine developed by Intel & Krafts with built

in optical sensors it is capable of reading
the face and determining gender and age, all

within a fraction of a second.

Pawn Shops
Earlier I mentioned pawn shops such as Cash

Converters and it's interesting to know
how these shops actually tend to profit in

times of economic recession, for the more
we struggle to get by, the more likely we

are to entertain leasing our goods at interest,
despite the risk of losing them if we fail

to buy them back within a certain time constraint.
However there are items which we would pawn

with no intention of buying back and I guess
for that area of sales more and more people

are now turning to eBay.

But how about charity shops? I believe they
have longevity as they provide a unique service.

If you have old clothes or trinkets which
you no longer need, but don't feel they

are valuable enough for the likes of eBay,
charity shop donations are a morally viable

way of discarding items no longer needed.
And this product "recycling" process is

far less wasteful than taking your old things
to the skip. However, we are focusing on the

relevance of a job loss and its effects on
the economy. Since most charity shops are

run by volunteers and their profits are in
some part donated to charity, I fail to see

their economic relevance here.

Throughout the high street the only shops
which seem to have immunity are the ones which

require actual human performed services, such
as tattooing or hair dressing. But just for

fun, let's see if tattoo artists really
are impervious to automation. In 2012, a guy

named Chris Eckert developed the Auto Ink
tattoo machine. Now, for demonstration purposes

it uses a ball point pen instead of a needle,
however the implication of this machines potential

is obvious. If it were ever to take off pre-programmed
designs could eliminate the need for any human

involvement in the tattooing process.

Earlier I highlighted the fact that a lot
of high street stores now occupy warehouses

and sell their products on-line. This may
lead some of you to assume that the economy

will at least be helped in some part with
all these new warehouse jobs. Well it seems

even these jobs are under attack, for example,
Amazon is the world's largest online retailer

and currently has twelve fulfilment centres
across the UK. But in May of 2012 Amazon purchased

the American "Kiva Systems" for seven
hundred and seventy five million dollars.

What is Kiva? Kiva is an autonomous robot
which uses optical sensors to navigate through

a warehouse. It reads inventory items as bits
of digital information which is then organised

through complex algorithms in much the same
way that Google organizes web pages. They

can pick, pack, and ship anything sold online
faster and for a lot less money than a human.

These efficiencies allow Kiva to gather goods
within minutes of an order, allowing the remaining

human workers to ship up to four times more
packages in an hour. Similarly, the Spanish

"Bonnysa" Group have incorporated two
automised facilities. The first stores products

directly as they are unloaded from delivery
vehicles, guaranteeing complete control and

traceability of goods, and in the second,
once products have been calibrated and classified,

they are placed on double depth shelving which
allows for twice the storage capacity without

having to increase the amount of stacker cranes
used. Since Bonnysa switched to using the

high-speed automised facilities they have
eliminated the need for human operator intervention

and have increased their product control and
warehouse security to the extent that output

is now five times the amount of a conventional
warehouse.

Manufacturing
According to the Organisation for Economic

Co-operation and Development the manufacturing
sector's share of both employment and GDP

has gradually declined since the sixty's,
although manufacturing output in terms of

both production and value has steadily increased
since 1945. The reason of course is technology,

and looking at the production of an automobile
it's easy to see why we prefer using machines.

If these trends continue it is not far-fetched
to think most if not all factory workers will

eventually be replaced by machines. Now, there's
three main reasons as to why factory automation

has yet to be fully integrated across the
board.

One: Vulnerability: An automated system usually
has to be pre-programed for each specific

task which makes them susceptible to committing
errors outside of their immediate scope of

knowledge. This makes them typically unable
to apply simple rules of logic to general

propositions. However, machines today have
far more mobility and dexterity than ever

imagined and instead of having to be preprogramed
for each motion, machines are gradually gaining

autonomy, being able to detect objects and
predict movement. The second reason is due

to unpredictable, excessive developmental
costs. The research and development cost of

automating a specific task, can often exceed
the cost saved by the automation itself. The

third reason also has to do with affordability,
high initial costs. Automating a new product

requires an initial investment which is usually
quite expensive when compared with the unit

cost of the product, even though the cost
of automation may be spread among many products

over time. The decision to automate is therefore
reserved for products which have proven to

be profitable and unlikely to change, as any
alterations could require the re-programing

of machines.
These three problems have been an issue since

factory automation began, but as time goes
on, the machines improve and the cost of automating

declines. For simple assembly line tasks,
it's certainly been cheaper to have human

workers. However, in mid-2012, an American
company called "Rethink Robotics" launched

the Baxter robot. Baxter is a revolution in
assembly line manufacturing as it can be programed

to perform a multitude of tasks and the best
part is you don't even have to be a programmer.

Simply grab his arms, guide him through the
motions of the required task and then leave

him to get on with it. If another task is
required later on, simply grab his arms again

and re-program the motions. Baxter is currently
on the market for around fourteen thousand

pounds which is an extremely affordable initial
investment cost and taking into account the

average life span it works for less than three
pounds an hour, twenty four hours a day, seven

days a week and doesn't require tea breaks.
This robot is set to revolutionise the entire

manufacturing industry.

Application
Aside from factory jobs being replaced by

machines, there are many products today which
are quickly becoming altogether irrelevant.

For those of us with smart phones and tablets,
the following examples may appear too obvious

to require a detailed analysis. But for those
of you who have yet to acknowledge this trend,

let's take a look at the implied future
of the smart phone "App". Currently Apps

are in the process of killing a vast range
of physical products. Most obviously, paper

products; novels, comic books, cook books,
puzzle books, phone books & yellow pages,

dictionaries, encyclopaedias, magazines, newspapers,
shopping catalogues, road maps, photo albums,

calendars, diaries and of course, many products
associated with stationary. Then there are

electrical products such as calculators, radios,
alarm clocks, camcorders, voice recorders,

remote controls, karaoke machines, guitar
tuners, amplifiers and effects peddles, GPS

navigation, video game cartridges and even
board games are having their physical necessity

challenged by software.

Personal Computer
Now what about desktop computers? Most people

only really use their PC's for surfing the
web, socialising, listening to music and watching

videos. All of which can now be done on those
same smart phones and tablets. PC's, while

not disappearing entirely, will decline in
numbers because of this, effecting many jobs

associated with producing not only the computers
themselves, but think of all those peripheral

devices associated with them, the keyboard,
mouse and webcam. As well as hardware components

such as ram chips and graphics cards.
Now, this might seem overly pessimistic. However

a survey by the International Data Corporation
showed tablets to account for a third of all

computing sales in 2012 and even Microsoft
are acknowledging the inevitable outcome,

and with the advent of 4G wireless networking
which allows for high speed internet on our

mobile devices, we can now use applications
like Skype and Face time to make phone calls

to and from anywhere in the world for free,
the implication being the demise of traditional

land line phones and mobile tariffs. British
Telecom has been preparing for this and have

already launched their cloud network.
Now, digital alternatives may not yet be adopted

by the majority, perhaps mostly because of
nostalgia rather than efficiency. But the

children of the future are not going to care
about the toys of the past.

Media Products & Appliances
VHS, CD and DVD players as well as free-view,

sky and virgin media boxes are all facing
redundancy by the advancements of the smart

TV. Why? Because smart TV's stream content
from the internet, making it possible for

Sky and virgin media to exist entirely in
app form. So what of all those lavish book,

CD and DVD collections which most of us equate
to our status and identity? These erroneous

collections are no longer optimal as we now
have digital media libraries, with the likes

of iTunes and iBooks. And when digital libraries
are rehomed to our TV's as well as our phones

and tablets. Just as VHS collections were
phased out by the improved format of the DVD,

our current wasteful, vanity orientated physical
media collections will be phased out and replaced

with non-physical digital formats, alongside
their required physical media players. In

fact, in January of 2013, tech giant "Philips"
gave in and sold their home entertainment

appliances division and now only producing
coffee machines, juicer's, toasters and

electric razors.

The rise of high speed fibre optic broadband
will also extend the extinction of irrelevant

peripherals to Blu-ray players and video game
consoles. That's right, even video games

will be played via internet streaming. Sound
far-fetched? Well Sony entertainment doesn't

think so. In July of 2012 they spent $380
million purchasing the cloud-based video game

streaming network "Gaika". Even Xbox co-founder
Nat Brown has expressed his concerns over

the implications of Apple entering the games
industry, acknowledging the potential of their

already established infrastructure to easily
replace the Xbox, Playstation and Nintendo

consoles.

3D-Printing
Now, obviously there are many physical products

on the market which aren't threatened by
digital downloading.

However in October of 2012, the city of London
was host to the world's first-ever consumer

3D print show, displaying how 3D printing
can allow consumers to download and print

a vast range of products as and when they
need them. This is not merely a glimpse into

a hypothetical future; 3D printers can already
build products from a range of materials including

plastic, chocolate, glass, concrete and even
metal. So what products could be printed?

Well, just about any basic household items
from plates, bowls, mugs, bottles, cutlery,

tupperware, lamp shades, photo frames, furniture,
musical instruments, figurines, even a wrench

printed with fully moving parts. So you may
be wondering just how far in the future 3D

printing is, and how expensive these things
are going to be? Well let's look at the

Rep-Rap project. Rep-Rap is a self-replicating
3D printer. Meaning it can print most of its

own parts, so if you have one, you can make
another one. And the great thing about rep-rap

is that it is open source, meaning its design
is not owned or constrained by copy write.

It's completely free for anyone to use and
improve. Today, 3D printers can be purchased

from open source groups like reprap and fab@home,
or commercially through pp3dp.com & cubify.

Perhaps you don't have the room for a home
3D printer? Well there is the option of ordering

3D printed products online through services
such as shapeways, sculpteo and i.materialise.

Companies can also employ the mass producing
of 3D printed products through organizations

such as Thingiverse and kraftwurx.

The world of 3D printing is huge and it's
here today. And just like every other technological

advancement - as time goes on these things
will become more and more affordable. And

every company which currently produces all
those house hold items will simply become

financially unsustainable.
Pay It Forward

A group called PIF3D aim to exploit the replicating
ability of RepRap by taking the machine to

universities and hosting twenty-four hour
3D printing parties, where they give people

the skills to build one of these things. The
objective being that those people can "Pay

it forward". Once they have built two or
three RepRap printers, they repeat the process

of taking it to schools and showing others
how to make their own, and the process repeats.

The idea of paying it forward could easily
spread like wildfire. Meaning just about everyone

in the world could own a 3D printer for next
to nothing. Now, as 3D-Printers become more

mainstream, there will most likely be attempts
to patent certain design elements and sell

each downloadable product commercially. However
once a product is on a CAD file, there's

no real reason 3D designs would be immune
to internet piracy.

Transport

Around 2.5% of the UK population have jobs
which require a driving licence.

The first autonomous driverless vehicle was
developed by, Sebastian Thrun director of

the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
and co-inventor of Google Street View. In

2005 the Google car won the DARPA Grand Challenge
and since then, Google have been developing

a commercial system.
However progress has been held back due to

legal liabilities, for example if there was
an accident, who would be at fault? The car

owner? the manufacturer? What if the accident
was a result of a lost signal? Would the internet

providers be accountable? Filtering through
legislation is a lengthy process, but they've

come a long way.
In August 2012, the Google team announced

that they have completed over 300,000 miles
of autonomous-driving, all without a single

accident. Nevada, Florida and California all
passed laws allowing driverless cars.

Although it's hard to invasion a timeline,
the remaining united states and the UK will

eventually pass similar legislations, and
driverless cars will explode on to the market.

As well as the American based Google car which
most of us are probably aware of, there is

also a German creation from "autonomous
labs" at the Free University of Berlin.

The project has already been given approval
to run a driverless taxi services throughout

Berlin and Brandenburg.
For those of you who feel hesitant about assigning

the control of your vehicle to a machine,
know that the kiva systems mentioned earlier

have essentially the same autonomy, and they
too have yet to witness a single accident.

Compare that with the UK's current yearly
rates of 3,000 motor vehicle incidents resulting

in fatalities, 35,000 resulting serious accidents
and a total 276,000 severities. Clearly it

would be societally irresponsible to maintain
human drivers while the safer option is available.

And in making a safer society all jobs associated
with public transport and delivery of goods,

could be achieved without human involvement.

Agriculture
Dairy

GEA farm technologies' provides technological
solutions to livestock farming, including

the development of a fully automatic milking
system for dairy farms. Dairy cows are guided

into these Mi1 milking units, the cows electronic
tag is identified and their pre-allocated

amount of food is dispensed. A 3D camera scans
and identifies the udders, then attaches to

the t-cups. It washes dries and pre-milks
the cows. This amazing technology reduces

labour, increases milk production, lowers
stress of both the cows and farmers, and electric

tagging allows for the ability to manage cows
individually. So when is this technology being

implemented? Well looking at the UK alone,
it's actually already been in use since

2011.

Precision Farming
EGNOS Precision Farming is a system which

uses GPS guidance technology for crop cultivation.
The auto track technology sends signals to

the tractors steering system via a GPS receiver.
The resulting navigation is so precise that

Farmers can actually treat soil and crops
in a site specific manner and ensure optimum

chemical doses are applied to the right places.
The system has been shown to cut costs on

fertilisation and fuel, reducing the environmental
impact, and because the tractors steer themselves

it also reduces operator fatigue. As you've
probably already guessed, it is only a matter

of time before these tractors are also equipped
with autonomous driving technology, spelling

the end of this particular human required
task and allowing for the full automation

of crop cultivation.

Vertical farming
But why limit crop cultivation to fields?

In 1999 a professor of environmental health
sciences at Columbia University in New York,

Dickson Despommier challenged his students
to feed the entire population of Manhattan

using 13 acres of usable rooftop gardens.
The class calculated that only 2% of all the

people could be fed using this method. Unsatisfied
with the results, Despommier made an off-the-cuff

suggestion of growing plants indoors and vertically.
The idea sparked interests and by 2001 the

first outline of a vertical farm was introduced.
Today scientists, architects, and
investors worldwide are working together to

make the concept of vertical farming a reality.
Unlike, traditional agriculture, a controlled

indoor environment is not susceptible to crop
loss from severe weather conditions nor is

it limited by seasonal crop production.

Using the method of hydroponics which doesn't
require soil, water is preserved in a closed

loop system, eliminating the concern of agricultural
runoff, and since it is continually recycled,

the total water usage is 70% less than current
requirements. Without soil this system is

immune to pesticides, meaning we could also
do away with having to spray agrochemicals

on our food.

For those of you sceptical about the limitations
of hydroponic farming, here is a list of already

commercially available products from hydroponically
produced plants.

Health Care
Cardiology

Up next it sounds like science fiction but
Dr Nancy Snyderman reports on how your smart

phone may change medicine including warning
you of a heart attack. By modifying an iPhone

with this ECG attachment and using the AliveECG
app, your heart rate, temperature, oxygen

and fluid levels can all be recorded with
the results directly upload able to your Cardiologist.

Blood, saliva, urine and even sweat can all
be tested with this device. Combined with

a wireless ultrasound, full physical check-ups
can be carried out remotely from anywhere

in the world.
There's twenty million, over twenty million

echocardiograms done a year. That's twenty
million times eight hundred dollars that's

a lot of money. Probably seventy to eighty
percent we can get rid of, just by having

this part of the physical exam.

Medicine
As for prescription medicine, perhaps the

biggest threat is not with technology but
rather in the curing of illnesses. Fifteen

year veteran of the pharmaceutical industry
Gwen Olsen, stated "the pharmaceutical industry

is in the business of disease maintenance
and symptoms management, The are not in the

business of curing cancer, Alzheimer's or
heart disease, because if they were, they

would be in the business of putting themselves
out of business."

For those of you who doubt the medical establishment
would knowingly put profitability ahead of

actually helping people, you need look for
no further evidence than a 2002 UK clinical

trial which found most anti-depressants to
be as effective as sugar pills, giving the

effects of a working drug through nothing
more than a placebo.

It's not hard to see why the medical industry
would chose to promote the constant reselling

of pharmaceuticals. If for example a cure
for cancer was discovered and adopted by the

mainstream, it would cause considerable losses
in profits generated through radiotherapy,

chemotherapy, hormone therapy, gene therapy
and Immunotherapy. Not to mention the surgical

costs of removing tumours. So, what does it
mean for their industry when a fifteen year

old boy from Maryland, discovers a new way
of detecting cancer? Which studies have shown

to be potentially 99% accurate, 168 times
faster and 26,000 times cheaper than our current

methods? Make no mistake, this amazing achievement,
will be seen by the cancer profiteers as a

blow to the industry. But regardless of their
somewhat corrupt profit driven mentality,

technology moves on and even when pharmaceuticals
are the only option. Technology is yet again

providing solutions.
Organic Chemists make molecules very complicated

molecules by chopping up a big molecule into
smaller molecules and doing reverse engineering.

As a chemist one of the things I wanted to
ask my research group a couple of years ago

is, could we make a really cool universal
chemistry set? In essence could we "App"

chemistry?
Well to start to do this we took a 3D printer

and we started to print our beakers and our
test tubes on one side and then print the

molecule at the same time on the other side
and combine them together in what we call

"Reaction ware" and so by printing the
vessel and doing the chemistry at the same

time we may start to access this universal
toolkit of chemistry. Now what could this

mean? Well if we can bed biological and chemical
networks like a search engine, so if you have

a cell that's ill that you need to cure
or bacteria you want to kill, if you have

this embedded in your device at the same time
and you do the chemistry, you make be able

to make drugs in a new way.
So how are we doing this in the lab? Well

it requires software, it requires hardware,
and it requires chemical inks, and so the

really cool bit is the idea to have a universal
set of inks which we put out with the printer

and you download the blue print, the organic
chemistry for that molecule and you make it

in the device. So you can make your molecule
in the printer using this software. So what

could this mean? You don't have to go to
the chemist anymore. We can print drugs at

point of need. We can download new diagnostics,
say a new superbug has emerged; you put it

in your search engine and you create the drug
to treat the threat. So this allows you on

the fly molecular assembly but perhaps for
me the cool bit going in to the future is

this idea of taking your own stem cells with
your genes and your environment and you print

your own personal medicine. And if that doesn't
seem fanciful enough where do u think we're

goanna go? Ur goanna have your own personal
matter fabricator.

As well as using bio-printing for binding
molecules into medicine, bio-printing is also

being used to construct organs.
Today we can print an entire lung.

Hospitals
Now looking at hospital care, I'm sure most

of you are now aware of these "tele presence"
robots which allows intensive care specialists

to remotely communicate with patients across
multiple hospitals and as the robots have

the ability to transmit information regarding
the heart and breathing, examinations can

occur much faster, while actually reducing
the work load of hospital staff since it eliminates

the need for patients to be transferred to
intensive care units in some cases. The hospital's

workload is also being reduced by "Aethon"
TUG System in which an Autonomous robotic

courier can make their rounds, carrying prescriptions,
medical waste, food trays and up to two hundred

pounds of laundry.

Home Care
As for home care, meet Asimo, Asimo is a humanoid

robot created by Honda, with the aspiration
of helping people who lack full mobility.

Since he was first introduced in 2000, he
has gradually improved in mobility and communication.

(Thank you)
Eventually Asimo will be capable of performing

most takes typically required of home-care
staff.

Now, there are many people who irrationally
fear technology, with their frame of reference

limited to what they see in movies. But in
reality technology is the provider of many

solutions across the full spectrum of health
and illnesses.

When she was born her legs were up by her
ears and her shoulders were internally rotated

and she had ulnar deviation on her hands and
rocker bottom feet. The geneticist came upstairs

and told us that she had arthrogryposis multiplex
congenital. They brought her legs down and

they casted her and slowly and surly she started
to develop. Our first year with Emma we found

out that there was goanna be a conference
and it was in Philadelphia.

It was an arthrogryposis family meeting in
Philadelphia where I described the WREX.

We watched a presentation on the WREX.
And that's how it all started. We ended

up in Terick and Whitney's workshop.
The WREX was attached to a stand and she was

able to put her arms into the WREX and for
the first time be able to lift her hand up

towards her mouth.
She just started throwing her hands around

and playing.
We were bringing candy up for her to eat and

we were bringing toys up there and it was
so fun for us to go up there and see her play

The existing WREX is all metal parts and it's
kinda big and Emma was too small for that

so we required something light and small and
would attach to her body and go with her.

So that's where we had this "Stratasys
3D printing machine" and we thought well

we could print it out for her.
And he did it and the weight difference is

significant and for a child who only weight
twenty five pounds it makes a big difference.

Whitney and Terick put their minds together
and came up with a jacket and they would put

the WREX on that and were on our second jacket,
she outgrew the first one and now we're

on our second one and its still evolving it's
still growing into this incredible prosthetic

which helps her to use her arms.
Without the 3D printer we would not be in

a position we're in with these younger kids
making them a WREX device that can go with

them.
This is one of those industries that matches

perfectly with 3D printing additive manufacturing
because we need custom everything.

I think 3D scanning and printing technology
is the future for this field.

The ABS plastic that they use is the same
plastic they use in LEGO its human friendly

if you will, its really strong and durable
to handle the abuse, we can answer a need

in a heartbeat.
If the WREX breaks all I have to do is take

a picture and email it to whiney, he knows
exactly what the piece is, he prints it out

I go to the hospital or he's even mailed
them.

I don't have to worry about D-time to machine
something or order supplies. I can just basically

go back to my program and print out another
one.

And it's back together and it's working.
When she started to express herself we would

go upstairs and we would say Emma ya know
were gonna put the WREX on and she called

them her magic arms and everyone in the room
cried.

We took it off of her on this one occasion
to make some adjustments to it and as we took

it off she cried out "I want that" and
we didn't think all that much of it but

when mom started to cry and uh. We look over
and ask mom why she's crying and she kind

of takes a moment to recompose herself and
tell us that that was her first complete sentence.

To be a part of that made it a little special
moment for somebody else ya know can't help

but uh kinda tug at your heart strings.

Food & Accommodation
The fast food industry for one is heavily

under threat by the same self-serving processes
mentioned earlier. In May of 2011, McDonald's

announced its plans to install touch-screen
technology across 7,000 restaurants in Europe.

Parts of the UK have already begun implementation
and in some states in America, voice recognition

has replaced the drive thru.
Can I get, can I get a twenty piece?

A twenty piece chicken nugget, what kind of
sauces would you like?

Uh what is it?
What kind of sauce do we have?

We got that honey mustard barbecue sweet and
source we got honey style hot sauce that burns

for hours, we got that buffalo ranch if you
need more ask chipotle barbecue ask me for

more and I'll tell you.

As for the kitchen staff, automated systems
are already being used such processes as draining

and refilling deep fat fryers, making many
human tasks redundant. But perhaps the largest

implied threat has to do with the American
robotics company, "Momentum Machines"

which is predicted to revolutionise the fast
food industry. They are currently preparing

to open the world's first "smart restaurant"
with its automated burger machine. Capable

of dispensing around three hundred and sixty
burgers an hour. Not only does their machine

construct and cook patties but it also slices
the toppings to order and the technology even

allows for customisation, composed of meat
ground to order and assembled in whatever

combination the customer desires.

Restaurants
Restaurant jobs are also threated by atomisation,

whether it's assisting chefs
or replacing them completely.

Waiters
What about the job of the restaurant waiter?

Well aside from using robots, Germany is pioneering
a different approach. You make your order

from a touch screen situated at your table
and the food is dispensed via a railing system

and delivered to your table when ready.

Hotels
Hotel services are a little harder to automate,

but obviously there are elements of automation
which do reduce the workload.

Straight away you have automatic check in
and a restaurant which turns into a dance

floor.
Were at Yotel New York which opened in June

2011, Yotel is a fun and futuristic brand.
Some of the things we have in the hotel are

motorised beds in the rooms and we have Yobot
which is our answer to futuristic luggage

handling. At the moment what we do is we take
people's luggage and they store it in the

bins provided and Yobot takes it and stores
it up on the wall. What we've done now is

we've agreed with the airports for example
like the jet-blue terminal you'll be able

to choose which airport you want to go to,
say JFK or Newark, the bin will come down,

you'll put the luggage in there and then
Yobot will shift your luggage through tunnels

in new York and you'll be able to pick it
up at each of the airport terminals. Also

were looking at a luggage tracker which we'll
be able to download on our mobile app so youll

be able to follow your luggage form its journey
here at the hotel all the way to the airport

and were also even looking at being able to
sip people and the luggage for yotel new York

to one of our airport hotels in the future.

Even cleaning and maintenance is potentially
threatened by a series of robots such as the

Roomba autonomous hoover and the Winbot autonomous
window cleaner. But perhaps there are some

non-automated threats to the traditional process
of accommodation. Couchsurfing.com is a sort

of social network community, where people
register their hospitality. The idea being,

if you want to travel, you simply type where
you want to go, specify how many of you are

going, and then search from a list of willing
participants. Within this type of community,

you could potentially travel the world without
any need for paid accommodation.

Mining and Quarrying
The Sandvik Group are currently the leading

global suppliers of service and technical
solutions for the mining industry. Sandvik

Automine has focused its efforts on developing
a comprehensive solution for improving the

safety, efficiency and productivity of underground
mining operations, using autonomous trucks

for loading and hauling they have created
a flexible system which can be adapted to

the unique working environment of individual
operations, even processing ore to high grade

copper concentrate on site. Through automation
they have eliminated many human required jobs,

while increasing production with improved
drilling accuracy which has also been shown

to lower the risk of damage incurred by machines.
Currently Sandvik Automine are optimistic

about achieving 100% automation of mining.
Similarly, since 2009 the Australian mining

company Rio Tinto has been using a fleet of
Komatsu trucks. The trucks are over twenty

feet tall, weigh over ten tons, and are capable
of carrying over three hundred tons of material.

The trucks are fitted with Komatsu's Autonomous
Haulage System which allows navigation from

loading units to dump locations, including
waste dumps, stockpiles and crushers.

However let's take a step back. Looking
at the end product of a mining operation,

the reason we associate gold and silver with
such a high value, is because of the difficulty

in obtaining and processing these materials
coupled with the time it takes for the earth

to naturally produce a diamond for example.
The ability to produce a diamond in a lab

has been around for a long time; however gem-quality
results have only been achievable in the last

few years. Specifically the American company
"Gemesis" have made huge advancement in

the production of synthetic diamonds, with
an output of up to forty rare gems each day.

As for the cost, a one-carat yellow diamond
from nature equates to about thirteen point

five thousand pounds whereas and a synthetic
replica costs just four thousand pounds.

So when we begin to speculate about the future
of synthetic materials perhaps it's not

too farfetched to think we could create copper,
coltan, gold and silver and bring these materials

to market for a much lower cost than they
are today, which would, invariably reduce

the costs of all technological applications
which depend on these materials.

Construction
Construction employs over 2 million people

in the UK and accounts for just under seven
pecent of the nation's GDP.

Firstly let's look at construction as it
is today. Because of all the different trades

involved, Construction is prone to management
inefficiency and corruption. The actual process

itself is slow, labour intensive & inefficient
as well as being costly and usually over budget

it is also highly wasteful of resources and
responsible for producing vast amounts of

carbon emission. As far as safety is concerned,
construction is more dangerous than both mining

and agriculture. Each year an average of sixty
workers are fatally injured with seventy four

thousand non-fatal injuries.
Now let's look at the alternative. Contour

Crafting is a process developed by the University
of Southern California's Information Sciences

Institute. Though initially conceived as a
method to construct moulds for industrial

parts, the technology of rapid home construction
was proposed as a way to rebuild cities after

natural disasters occurred. Currently it uses
a computer-controlled crane to distribute

concrete layer by layer incorporating, plumbing
and electrical network installation. With

Contour Crafting buildings are rapidly and
efficiently constructed with zero manual labour,

zero waste and little emission. It is estimated
an average family home could be built in less

than twenty hours. However the homes of the
future will not be constrained by today's

architectural limitations for these machines
can extrude intricate and complex designs.

Perhaps the design of your home will only
be limited by your imagination. Now Contour

Crafting is still relatively new, however,
it is easy to see how in the near future this

project could be commercialized as a means
of streamlining the entire construction industry.

Destroying a numbers of not only those associated
with construction but also those of plumbers,

electricians and perhaps even architects.

Education
Today

The mainstream method of education currently
requires an all knowing authority figure fulfilling

the role of teacher and relaying imperial
information to student's after which said

teacher will then review and grade the work
of the students. This traditional approach

to learning has been widely criticised throughout
recent years, as it relies on rote memorisation,

teaching students what to think as opposed
to how to think. And using the grading system

has also been shown to create structural classism.
Sugata Mitra is a Professor of Educational

Technology at the University of Newcastle.
His first experiment in child learning began

in 1999 with the hole in the wall project.
Initially, a computer was placed in a kiosk

built within a wall in a slum at New Delhi
and children were allowed to use the computer

freely. The experiment aimed to show that
kids could be taught by computers very easily

without any formal training and independent
of adult supervision. Mitra termed this approach

"Minimally Invasive Education". The experiment
grew and was repeated in many places, currently

there are more than twenty three hole in the
wall kiosks in rural India and in 2004 was

extended to Cambodia. The results have now
demonstrated that groups of children, irrespective

of who they are or where they are, can learn
to use computers and the Internet on their

own, using public computers in open spaces
such as streets and playgrounds, even without

initially knowing any English.
I wanted to test the limits of this system.

The first experiment I did out of Newcastle
was actually done in India and I set myself

an impossible target. Can Tamel speaking twelve
year old children in a south Indian village

teach themselves biotechnology in English
on their own? I thought I'll test them,

they'll get a zero, I'll give them material,
I'll come back and test them, they'll

get another zero, I'll go back and say yes
we need teachers for certain things. I called

in twenty six children they all came in there,
I told them that there's some really difficult

stuff on this computer I wouldn't be surprised
if you didn't understand anything. It's

all in English and I'm going. I came back
after two months, the twenty six children

marched in looking very, very quiet. I said
well, did you look at any of the steps, they

said yes we did, did you understand anything,
they said no, nothing. So I said, well, how

long did you practice on it before you decided
you understood nothing, they said we look

at it every day, so I said for two months
you are looking at stuff you didn't understand,

so a twelve year old girl raises her hand
and says, apart from the fact improper replication

of the DNA molecule causes genetic disease
we've understood nothing else (crowd laughs).

So the schools have gone up from 0% to 30%
which is an educational impossibility under

the circumstances, but 30% is not a pass.
So I found that they had a friend, a local

accountant, a young girl, and they play football
with her. I asked that girl if they would

teach them enough Biotechnology to pass and
she said how would I do that, I don't know

the subject, and I said no, use the method
of the Grandmother, she said what's that

and I said what you've got to do is stand
behind them, and admire them all the time

(crowd laughs), just say to them, that's
cool, that's fantastic, what is that, can

you do that again, can you show me some more.
She did that for 2 months, the score went

up to 50% which is what the posh schools of
New Dehli with the trained Biotechnology teachers

were getting. So I came back to Newcastle
with these results and decided that there

was something happening here that definitely
was getting very serious. Across the River

Thames, five thousand miles from Dehli, is
the little town of Gateshead, in Gateshead

I took thirty two children and I started to
fine tune the method, I made them into groups

of four, I said you make your own groups of
four, each group of four can use one computer,

and not four computers. You can exchange groups,
you can walk across to another group if you

don't like your group etc. You can go to
another group, peer over their shoulder, see

what they're doing, come back to your own
group and claim it as your own work. The children

enthusiastically got up to me and said what
do you want us to do? I gave them six GCSE

questions. The first group, the best one solved
everything, in twenty minutes, the worst,

in forty five, they used everything that they
knew: Newsgroups, Google, Wikipedia, Ask Jeeves

etc. The teachers said, is this deep learning,
I said well, let's try it. I'll come back

after two months, we'll give them a paper
test, no computers, no talking to each other

etc. The average score when I done it with
the computers and the groups was 76%. When

I did the experiment, when I did the test
after two months, the score was... 76%. There

was photographic recall inside the children;
I suspect because they were discussing with

each other, a single child in front of a single
computer will not do that, I have further

results which are, almost unbelievable of
scores which go up with time, because the

teachers say after the session is over, the
children continue to Google further. Here

in Britain I've put in a call for British
Grandmothers, after my Kupum experiment, the

deal was they would give me one hour of broadband
time sitting at their homes, one day in a

week. So they did that and over the last two
years, over six hundred hours of instructions

have been over Skype, using what my students
call, the Granny Cloud. (Girl in class talking)

Back in Gateshead, a ten year old girl gets
into the heart of Hinduism, in fifteen minutes,

you know stuff which don't know, anything
about (crowd laughs), Two children watch a

TED talk, they wanted to be footballers before,
after watching eight TED talks, he wants to

become Leonardo Da Vinci (crowd laughs) (applause),
it's pretty simple stuff. This is what I'm

building now, they are called SOLEs, Self-Organised
Learning Environments, the furniture is designed

so children can sit in front of big, powerful
screens, big broadband connections but in

groups. If they want they can call the Granny
Cloud, this is a SOLE in Newcastle, the mediator

is from Umea, India. So how far can we go,
I think we've just stumbled across a self-organising

system. A self-organising system is one where
a structure appears without explicit intervention

from the outside, self-organising systems
also always show emergence, which is when

the system starts to do things which it was
never designed for, which is why you react

the way you do because it looks impossible.
I think I can make a guess now, education

is organising system, where learning is an
emergent phenomenon, it will take a few years

to prove it experimentally but I'm going
to try but in the meanwhile there is a method

available. One billion children, we will need
one hundred million mediators, there are many

more than that on the planet, ten million
SOLEs, one hundred and eighty billion dollars

and ten years, we could change everything!

So, children left to their own devices are
capable of self-learning, perhaps limited

only by their ability to search for information.
But what if this process was made easier?

What if there was a website which consolidated
a vast range of subjects with short educational

explanatory videos, detailing almost every
aspect of mathematics, history, healthcare,

medicine, finance, physics, chemistry, biology,
astronomy, economics, cosmology, civics and

computer science. Well that website exists;
it's called the Kahn academy, developed

by Salman Kahn in 2006. The site currently
has more than 4,000 micro lectures and has

delivered over two hundred and forty million
lessons worldwide. In fact the Kahn academy

has been so successful it is likely the primary
inspiration behind Academic Earth, which has

evolved the concept to include actual lectures
form more than forty top US colleges including

Harvard, MIT, Princeton, Stanford, and Yale.
Since Academic Earth, a group of educators

from Stanford University have formed Coursea.
Adopting the same premise as Kahn and Academic

Earth, However, with Coursea upon the completion
of on-line courses, students are awarded certificates

which can and indeed have been used to gain
employment and in some cases, as a substitute

for credit in real world educational institutions.

Arts & Entertainment
Incentive

In looking at the future of the arts in relation
to jobs, I feel an important distinction must

be drawn.
There are really two concepts of employment

which tends to go unacknowledged. The first
is driven by financial necessity. This version

makes employment something we submit to in
order to gain access to our life supporting

needs; the other is driven by passion, making
employment a creative outlet where financial

stability is a by-product and not the primary
motivation. In fact when it comes to art,

or any process involving creativity, monetary
rewards are actually in-verse to productivity.

Our motivations are unbelievably interesting.
The science is really surprising. The science

is a little bit freaky, okay. We are not as
endlessly manipulable and predictable as you

would think. There's a whole set of unbelievably
interesting studies. I want to give you two

that call into question this whole idea that
if you reward something you get more of the

behaviour you want, if you punish something
you get less of it.

So let's go from London to the mean streets
of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the northeastern

part of the United States, and let's talk
about a study done at MIT -- Massachusetts

Institute of Technology. Here's what they
did: they took a whole group of students and

gave them a set of challenges. Things like
memorizing a string of digits, solving word

puzzles, other kinds of spatial puzzles, even
physical tasks like throwing a ball through

a hoop. They gave 'em these challenges and
they said to incentivize their performance,

they gave them three levels of rewards, okay.
So if you did pretty well you got a small

monetary reward, if you did medium well you
got a medium reward, and if you did really

well, if you were one of the top performers,
you got a large cash prize. We've seen this

movie before. This is a typical motivation
scheme within organizations. Right? We reward

the very top performers, we ignore the low
performers, and the folks in the middle...okay,

you get a little. So what happens? They do
the test, they have these incentives, and

here's what they found out:
(1) As long as the task involved only mechanical

skill, bonuses worked as would be expected:
the higher the pay, the better the performance.

That makes sense. But here's what happened:
once the test called for even rudimentary

cognitive skill, a larger reward led to poorer
performance! Now this is strange...a larger

reward led to poorer performance. How can
that possibly be? Now what's interesting about

this is that the folks who did it are all
economists -- two at MIT, one at the University

of Chicago, one at Carnegie Mellon -- okay,
the top tier of the economics profession,

and they're reaching this conclusion that
seems contrary to what most of us learned

in economics, which is that the higher the
reward, the better the performance. And they're

saying, once you get above rudimentary cognitive
skill, it's the other way around. The idea

that these rewards don't work that way seems
vaguely left wing and socialist, doesn't it?

It's this weird, socialist conspiracy. For
those of you who have those conspiracy theories,

I want to point out the notoriously left-wing
socialist group that financed the research:

the Federal Reserve Bank -- the most mainstream
of the mainstream coming to a conclusion that

seems to defy the laws of behavioural physics!
So this is strange, strange findings. So what

do they do? They say let's go test it somewhere
else. Maybe that $50, $60 prize isn't sufficiently

motivating for MIT students. Let's go to a
place where $50 is more significant relatively.

So we're gonna take the experiment and go
to Madurai, India -- rural India -- where

$50, $60, whatever the number was is actually
a significant sum of money. So they replicated

the experiment in India roughly as follows:
the small rewards were roughly the equivalent

of two weeks' salary; medium performance,
about a month's salary; high performance,

about two months' salary. Those are good incentives,
so you're probably goanna get a different

result here. But what happened was that, the
people offered the medium reward did no better

than the people offered the small reward.
But this time around the people offered the

highest reward did worst of all! Higher incentives
led to worse performances. What's interesting

about this is it isn't all that anomalous.
This has been replicated over and over and

over again by psychologists, by sociologists,
and by economists -- over and over and over

again. For simple, straightforward tasks,
these kinds of incentives -- "If you do

this then you get that" -- they're great.
For tasks that are algorithmic, you just follow

a set of rules; get a right answer, if then,
carrots and sticks...outstanding. But when

a task gets more complicated, when it requires
some conceptual, creative thinking, those

kinds of motivators demonstrably don't work.
Fact: money is a motivator at work, but in

a slightly strange way. If you don't pay people
enough they won't be motivated. What's curious

is there's another paradox here, that the
best use of money as a motivator is to pay

people enough to take the issue of money off
the table. Pay people enough that they're

not thinking about money, they're thinking
about the work. Once you do that, it turns

out there are three factors that science shows
lead to better performance, not to mention

personal satisfaction: autonomy, mastery,
and purpose.

Autonomy is our desire to be self-directed
-- to direct our own lives. In many ways,

traditional notions of management runs afoul
of that. Management is great if you want compliance;

but if you want engagement, which is what
we want in the workplace today as people are

doing more complicated, sophisticated things,
self-direction is better. Let me give you

some examples of this. One of the most radical
forms of self-direction in the workplace that

leads to good results. Let's start with Atlassian
-- an Australian software company, and they

do something really cool. Once a
quarter on a Thursday afternoon, they say

to their developers, "For the next 24 hours
you can work anything you want. You can work

on it the way you want, you can work on it
with whoever you want. All we ask is that

you show those results to the company at the
end of the 24 hours." And it's a fun kind

of meeting, with beer and cake, and fun, and
other things like that. It turns out that

that one day of pure, undiluted autonomy has
led to a whole array of fixes for existing

software, a whole array of ideas for new products
that otherwise would have never emerged. One

day!
Now this is not an "if then" incentive.

This is not the sort of thing I would have
done three years ago, before I heard this

research. I would've said, you want people
to be creative and innovative? Give 'em a

freakin innovation bonus. "If you can do
something cool, I'll give you $2,500." They're

not doing this at all. They're essentially
saying, you probably wanna do something interesting,

let me just get out of your way. One day of
autonomy produces things that would never

emerge.
Now let's talk about mastery. Mastery is our

urge to get better at stuff. We like to get
better at stuff. This is why people play musical

instruments on the weekend. These people act
in ways that don't make any sense economically.

They play musical instruments on the weekends.
Why? It's not gonna make them any money. 'Cause

it's fun. 'Cause you get better at it, and
that's satisfying. Go back in time a little

bit. Imagine. I imagine if I went to my first
economics professor, a woman named Mary Alice

Shulman, if I went to her in 1983 and said,
"Professor Shulman, can I talk to you after

class a minute? I got this inkling...I've
got this idea for a business model; I just

wanna run it past you. Here's how it would
work: you get a bunch of people around the

world that are doing highly skilled work,
but they're willing to do it for free and

volunteer their time -- twenty, sometimes
thirty hours a week." She's looking at me

somewhat skeptically now. "Oh, but I'm not
done! Then, what they create, they give it

away rather than sell it. It's gonna be huge!"
She would have thought I was insane. It seems

to fly in the face of so many things. But
you have Linux powering servers in one out

of four Fortune 500 companies. You have Apache
powering more than the majority of web servers.

You have Wikipedia. What's going on? Why are
people doing this? Why are these people, many

of whom are technically sophisticated, highly
skilled people--who have jobs, they have jobs,

they're working at jobs for pay doing sophisticated
technical work -- and yet, during their limited

discretionary time, they do equally if not
more technically sophisticated work, not for

their employer, but for someone else for free!
That's a strange economic behavior! Economists

have looked into it: why are they doing this?
It's overwhelmingly clear: challenge and mastery,

along with making a contribution, that's it.
What you're seeing, more and more, what's

arising is what you might call the purpose
motive. Organizations want to have some kind

of transcendent purpose -- partly because
it makes coming to work better, partly because

that's the way to get better talent. And what
we're seeing now is when the profit motive

becomes unmoored from the purpose motive,
bad things happen. Bad things ethically sometimes,

but also bad things like just like not good
stuff. Like crappy products, like lame services,

like uninspiring places to work. When the
profit motive is paramount or when it becomes

completely unhitched from the purpose motive,
people don't do great things.

More and more organizations are realizing
this, sort of disturbing the categories between

what's profit and what's purpose. And I think
that heralds something interesting. I think

the companies that are flourishing, whether
they're non-profit, for profit, or somewhere

in between, are animated by this purpose model.
Let me give you a few examples: Here's the

founder of Skype. He says our goal is to be
disruptive but in the cause of making the

world a better place, pretty good purpose.
Here's Steve Jobs. I wanna put a ding in the

universe. Alright, that's the kind of thing
that might get you up in the morning racing

to go to work.
So I think we are purpose maximizers, not

only profit maximizers. The science shows
that we care very, very deeply about mastery,

and the science shows that we want to be self-
directed. So I think the big takeaway here

is that if we start treating people like people,
and not assuming they're simply horses -- slower,

smaller, better smelling horses -- if we
get past this ideology of carrots and sticks

and look at the science, I think we can actually
build organizations and work lives that make

us better off, and I think we also have the
promise to make our world just a little bit

better.

So, while the all the mundane repetitive jobs
are being assigned to machines, the jobs which

exist outside of a computer's creative capabilities,
are in fact jobs which would exist regardless

of financial reward and in fact produce better
results without the incentive.

Media
Earlier we looked at the possibility of certain

media companies becoming exclusive to app
form, but what would the future of media look

like if a website such as Youtube, decided
to adopt the same feature of paid-subscription

viewing? Incorporating say, an embedded planner
interface? Well for one, YouTube would have

an immediate advantage as their planer could
be customizable, and rather than having pay

for an entire package of channels, users would
have the option of paying for individual programing.

The programs themselves would no longer be
constrained by the time slot limitations of

a typical TV network, for each program could
have its own channel. But this is all merely

speculation right? Well no, turns out YouTube
are currently preparing to switch on live

stream subscription viewing.

Film
The most profitable sector in the entertainment

business is the film industry. One of the
reasons is due to just how expensive it is

to actually make a film, accounting for the
sheer amount of people involved in production.

But many production elements are quickly becoming
redundant by the ever improving capabilities

of GCI. If filming outside; you only have
a few of hours of light each day to maintain

continuity. With CGI, backdrops and lighting
can be controlled in a green lit studio. As

far as on screen performance, movies tend
to have dozens of actors each requiring multiple

takes of a scene and character CGI has typically
been reserved for cartoonish features. Well,

as the technology advances CGI is getting
ever closer to reflecting reality.

Ok first thing smile, frown, look mean, eyebrows
up, eyebrows down, move your mouth around

like this, now go A, A, E, E, I, I, O, U,
very good.

With CGI an actor could perform every scene
of a movie inside a green lit studio and since

his image is rendered, you could have a single
actor performing multiple rolls. perhaps every

roll in the entire movie could be performed
by just 4 or 5 actors and since their emotions

would be captured and stored on the computers,
in the future, rather than having to shoot

a scene over and over until finally getting
the desired emotional response, perhaps directors

will have the option of choosing from a database
of preprogramed actions.

All of this implying mass reduction in the
volume of people needed to make a film. Now,

I'm sure many will see the lump of labour
fallacy here, and point out that new jobs

would emerge in the form building the CGI,
however, video games are entirely CGI, and

the development of a game currently cost between
$500k--$5M compared that with the starting

price of two hundred million dollars for a
Hollywood movie. And then there's the open

source community. Blender for one is an open
source 3D modelling program. Since the blender

project began, a community of volunteers have
downloaded the source code and over time,

made gradual improvements to the programs
functionality. Today blender is capable of

producing this.
Why don't you just admit that you're freaked

out by my robot hand?
Ahggg c'mon

Human!
This is pretty freaky

"Tears of Steel"

Professional, Scientific & Technical

This sector covers a vast range of jobs and
I feel it would be far too time consuming

to address each in great detail. So let's
run through these quickly. The workload typically

required with legal advice and representation,
is now being diminished through the use of

e-discovery, which enables 1 lawyer to do
the work of 500

Accounting services are being replaced with
software such as KashFlow which can actually

track bank transactions, obviating the need
for manual input accounting.

Translation and interpretation services are
also replaceable with software such as Lingual

which uses apple's Siri technology to translate
between 35 languages in real-time.

Architectural work may over time become less
of a specialist subject. As computers grew

throughout the 90's necessity demanded the
majority of us familiarize ourselves with

operating systems. I believe the advancements
in 3D printing will demand that people become

failure with computer aided design. And as
the software improves, much of the architectural

process could be constructed in a program
similar to a Sims game.

Engineering, Computer system design, Photography
and Scientific research all seem to fall under

the umbrella of creativity which as demonstrated
earlier would exist regardless of paid employment.

Advertising services may be under threat if
YouTube were to eliminate their competition

and also incorporate a paid viewing feature
which disables advertising.

Consulting services I think can easily be
replaced with advanced voice recognition software.

Administrative & Support Services

The core job of an administrator is to process,
filter, organize and categorise personal data.

Facebook has recently shown the potential
of account synchronization. Instead of having

to fill out a form every time we register
to a new website, Now we have the single click

option of "register through Facebook",
where all the user has to do I click this

button and the website dose the rest. Of course
Facebook is a social network and likely contains

information not necessarily relevant to third
party organizations. But if the government

were to further the train of thought here,
we could instate a nationalised social HUB,

whereby those of us with say a national insurance
number, could at least have the option of

having our relevant details authenticated
and synced with our national insurance accounts,

and once the information has been submitted
and synced, applying for government benefits,

bank loans, college placements or even making
a dentist appointment, could all be achieved

much faster through the on-line hub, reducing
our dependency on the processing requirements

of these time consuming middlemen, and having
a regulated information HUB could also extend

to the elimination or at the very least a
downgrading of the postal service, for all

forms of documentation could be securely transferred
electronically to authenticated email addresses.

Financial & Insurance

The world of finances and insurance is obviously
dependent upon the circulation of money. So

rather than address specific elements of this
sector, it's perhaps easier to simply look

at the root cause of our pending financial
collapse. Far from automated systems the fall

of the global financial economy, will result
from simple causation principles in mathematics.

Almost every form of trade in the world is
represented through currency. Currency is

a proclamation where a certain value is identified
by a number. One pound will represent a value,

which can differ slightly between traders
but generally holds an accepted range, and

this ranging value is not determined or decided
by politicians or bankers, it's a value

derived from the market. When calculating
the cost of housing, energy, transportation,

as well as goods and services, we are presented
with a consumer price index and thus derive

the overall market value of the pound. The
markets themselves are predicated on consumer

spending. So if all consumers continually
spend the same amount, the markets prices

would stabilize and the economy could potentially
function harmoniously, neither growing nor

contracting. But let's step back and look
at where money actually comes from in the

first place. All money in circulation was
created by and is the property of the central

bank, in our case the bank of England. This
bank loans money to the commercial and investment

banks, which then issue loans themselves to
rival banks, consumers and businesses, so

since we are all trading borrowed money, cyclical
consumption is not only a necessity for ensuring

the integrity of the pound, it is also a requirement
for the banks, thus the currency, to remain

operational. Only one problem with this, this
borrowing from the banks process isn't quite

the same as a game of Monopoly where a friend
might loan you some cash until you pass go!

All the money borrowed from both the central
and commercial banks, has to be paid back

with interest, but since the interest is in
fact NOT created alongside the initial loan,

the ability to pay back more money than exists
in principle is a mathematical impossibility

if the goal was maintaining economic harmony.
So instead we try to resolve the problem generated

with interest, through a process called quantitative
easing, in which the banks may temporarily

lower interest rates and the government will
often borrow even more money at interest,

in an effort to grow the economy.
See rather than address the fundamental flaw

of this system, we instead perpetuate an infinite
growth paradigm, which of course, is ultimately

unsustainable on a finite planet, and in looking
at the numbers it doesn't seem this quantitative

easing has had much effect, here's the average
monthly consumer costs in 2008, compared with

today, we have an overall price increase of
25% while wages during the same time only

rose by 6%. These results are simply because
perpetual growth is unsustainable and Bankruptcy,

redundancy, foreclosure, administrations,
liquidations, loan defaults and the raising

of a country's debt ceiling, are all built
in consequential and we should expect nothing

ells of this system.

Other
Having looked at each sector of employment,

it appears we are heading towards a fully
automated economy, some might say this would

still require lots of human workers? Machines
after all do have at least one constraint,

while they can work without a monetary incentive,
the do require energy.

Our current methods of energy cultivation
result in the depletion of natural oil and

the burning of CO2 emitting fossil fuels,
but these methods are wasteful, cumbersome

and quite frankly out-dated. Solutions to
the energy crisis are often cited in the form

of nuclear power, but after the disasters
in Japan, perhaps we should be looking to

cleaner, safer solutions.
Solar energy is gradually becoming more and

more accepted by the mainstream, even the
government are incentivising home owners to

adopt solar panels with the Feed-In Tariffs
scheme, where participants will be compensated

for any surplus energy generated. While an
initial solar panel investment may deter some

of us, it's reassuring to know that the
cost of solar is currently dropping at a rate

of 30% per year. But could we really sustain
our energy needs on solar panels alone? Well

firstly, solar technology is not limited to
buildings.

An American company called solar roadways
are developing photovoltaic solar roads. With

current technology it is estimated that full
integration of solar roads across the US,

would generate enough power to satisfy the
current energy usage of the entire planet.

These roads also incorporate LED displays
which could probably be programed to coincide

with autonomous vehicles ensuring even greater
road safety. The roads in colder climates

would be installed with embedded heating elements,
eliminating ice and snow hazards as well as

the required jobs of snow ploughs and gritters.
Solar energy aside, how about wind? According

to the US department of energy, if wind turbines
were fully harvested in just 3 of Americas

50 states, the energy cultivated would be
enough to power the whole of the USA. But

wind farming is also not limited to the gigantic
turbines which most of us are aware of. We

could be utilizing vertical axis wind turbines
with magnetic bearings, which cause the wind

vain to levitate. Reducing the friction and
cut-in wind speed usually hindered by gears.

You could literally blow on these things and
create energy,

So what happens when we placed vertical axis
turbines inside street lamps? Well, when a

vehicle drives past it creates a gust of wind
and in turn powers the lights.

Then we have tidal power. According to Crown
Estate, the UK has the potential to harness

up to 153 gigawatts, accounting for more than
20% of our current energy usage. They also

found a potential 27 gigawatts from wave energy.
And then of course we have geothermal power.

So here's the earth, in countries like Canada
and the United States seasons come and go.

In the summer months it can be quite warm
and in the winter very cold, while the temperature

of the surface for the earth changes with
the seasons, the temperature of the ground

below the surface does not. Even at just two
meters or six feet under the ground it is

about fifteen degrees Celsius or sixty degrees
farenheight all year round. Geothermal takes

advantage of this consistent temperature and
uses it to heat and cool homes. So how does

it work? First, a large hole is made into
the ground and filled with a series of pipes

a special heat absorbing fluid constantly
runs through the pipes. In the winter, heat

from the ground is absorbed into the pipes
and pushed upwards where it can be circulated

throughout the house. In the summer the process
is reversed, heat from the house is absorbed

into the pipes and pushed downwards where
it can be stores within the cooler earth.

So what are the benefits of geothermal heating?
Well for one you can save a lot of money geothermal

uses way less energy to operate and this means
a heating bill that is up to eighty percent

lower than that of a traditional heating system,
secondly geothermal doesn't run on fossil

fuels like oil or gas and therefore produces
significantly less greenhouse gasses. So,

look into geothermal today for a cleaner and
sustainable source of energy.

As well as heating homes, geothermal is being
used to convert heat in to energy. And in

a 2006 MIT study, geothermal was found to
have an energy potential of two thousand zenojules.

The total global energy consumption is currently
around one half a zenejule per year, signifying

four thousand years of planetary power from
geothermal alone. Meaning the powering of

an automated economy is simply a non-issue.
But then there's the other argument regarding

machine maintenance. It is now a general assumption
that all machines are in constant need repairs.

And well, this is true, at least with respects
to market products. See within the market

there is planned obsolescence, in order to
maintain cyclical consumption of goods, it

is crucial that products have a short lifespan.
The biggest issue or potential flaw to me

over this invention is the fact, that it's
not an invention or a product that actually

will be purchased more than once, you kind
of almost want your product to break occasionally.

If we were to removed our dependency on cyclical
consumption we could create products to last,

and the only threat to a machines lifespan,
would be atmospheric erosion. This is why

in the future all machine parts will be treated
with a super hydrophobic coating, which uses

nanotechnology to repel water and refined
oils.

Problem

Even when we do recognize the implications
of mass mechanisation, people tend to think

"not my job, not the job I happen to have
spent four years studying for, the business

my family left me, the product I invested
my life savings in, that job will be around

forever". I'm sorry to tell you that is
merely wishful thinking, and yes your job

is vulnerable; even if not directly threatened
by atomisation; we are all affected by the

mechanisms of causation.

When a store fails the products on those shelves
thus manufacturing is affected, just as when

a product becomes obsolete, the stores in
turn suffer. Also, when 50% of household products

are either redundant or freely downloadable,
what do you think will happen to the world

of advertising? Autonomous cars eliminate
the need for a driving licences thus the need

for driving schools and instructors, and since
accidents are near impossible, there will

be a reduction in time with car insurance
companies, repair shops and of course, taxable

offenses relating to speeding fines and the
like. And as the overall state of the economy

weakens, commercial banks, real estate and
government funded institutions such as education

and healthcare all be affected.

If by now you are asking "what's the real
solution to the unemployment problem?" Well

my question is what's the problem? The loss
of a job is historically synonymous with degradation

and poverty. Yet we are looking at a future
in which organic food and clean energy are

cultivated with levels of abundance never
before seen. Homes can be constructed within

a day without any human involvement. All tools,
aesthetic objects and even medicine are designed,

downloaded, customized and printed on demand,
either made from in your in the home or delivered

via autonomous vehicles, which have improved
road safety and reduced travel time. Then

of course there's better healthcare, free
education, less waste and this is all to say

nothing of the explosion in entertainment.
The real solution would have nothing to do

with capitalism, socialism, communism, the
free enterprise system or any other sub related

group. For these are market economies. And
as the financial market dies, we need to transition

into a new sustainable economy, one which
is designed around ensuring our survival,

meaning we must all have equal access to life
supporting needs without the ridiculous number

game or any monetary exchange.
We have the technology and the understanding

today of how to scientifically orient our
resource distribution. But of course transitions

are never easy. There is nothing preventing
a period of mass poverty and starvation. In

fact there is nothing preventing us from holding
on to this out-dated, competition based, infinite

growth market economy, until we have nothing
left.

By raising awareness of our technological
potential and having the population understand

the imminent need to transition, we can alleviate
the fear usually generated through ignorance

and allow the change to happen with little
opposition. Luckily for us, I don't have

to sit here and propose setting up a mass
awareness raising campaign, it already exists.

With over half a million members and hundreds
of chapter's world-wide the zeitgeist movement

is the largest grassroots movement in history,
and has set out to raise awareness as to our

true potential on this planet while at the
same time advocating a transition in to a

new sustainable global paradigm.