BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979)
-
0:10 - 0:29Spanish Realities
-
0:29 - 0:33Cataluña, A Region Apart
-
0:40 - 0:44In 1977, the people of Cataluña
-
0:44 - 0:48celebrated the traditional day of Catalan Solidarity.
-
0:48 - 0:50It was the first time they had been able to do so
-
0:50 - 0:53since Franco came to part in the 30s.
-
0:53 - 0:56One and half million Catalans came into the streets of Barcelona
-
0:56 - 0:58to assert their wish for autonomy
-
0:58 - 1:03It was hardly an extremist minority.
-
1:03 - 1:07Most Catalans feel deeply their right to some form of self-government
-
1:07 - 1:08And they have expressed this feeling
-
1:08 - 1:11many times in their past
-
1:16 - 1:22In 1931, Cataluña declared itself an independent republic.
-
1:24 - 1:27It set up its own government - the Generalitat
-
1:27 - 1:30and the statute for autonomy was drawn up.
-
1:30 - 1:32The new republican government in Madrid
-
1:32 - 1:36approved the statute the following year.
-
1:36 - 1:37Under its President Macià,
-
1:37 - 1:41Cataluña was officially autonomous.
-
1:41 - 1:43It was not to last long.
-
1:47 - 1:49The civil war.
-
1:50 - 1:54Barcelona was one of the last strongholds of resistance to Franco.
-
1:54 - 1:58But in January 1939, it too fell to the nationalists.
-
1:58 - 2:03The siege of Barcelona was effectively the end of the civil war.
-
2:13 - 2:16Thousands of Catalans fled to France.
-
2:16 - 2:23In the months that followed, many Catalans, including the Prime Minister, were shot.
-
2:30 - 2:34Under Franco, there followed a rigorous and systematic repression
-
2:34 - 2:37of everything that was Catalan.
-
2:37 - 2:39It was not the first time a Spanish ruler
-
2:39 - 2:42had come into conflict with Cataluña
-
2:42 - 2:47In 1640, Cataluña declared itself a republic under French protection
-
2:47 - 2:53It took the Spanish King 19 years to force Cataluña into submission
-
2:54 - 2:58In the 18th century, Cataluña again resisted the Spanish
-
2:58 - 3:00siding with Spain's enemy the Hapsburgs,
-
3:00 - 3:03in return for their support of Catalan Autonomy.
-
3:03 - 3:0740,000 French and Castilian troops laid siege to Barcelona for 13 months
-
3:07 - 3:10before it gave in.
-
3:12 - 3:16In the 19th century, Catalan uprisings against the central powers of Spain
-
3:16 - 3:19were sparked off a number of times.
-
3:21 - 3:28In 1842, Barcelona took up arms against the dictatorial regent General Espartero
-
3:28 - 3:36who retaliated from the heights of the fortress of Montjuïc, bombarding the city into submission.
-
3:37 - 3:42And in 1868, Catalans rebelled against the monarchy
-
3:42 - 3:46burning portraits of Queen Isabella II.
-
3:46 - 3:48If Cataluña was not always the only region to rebel
-
3:48 - 3:53it does have a long standing tradition of resistance to the central powers of Spain
-
3:53 - 4:00Senator Josep Benet, a historian and leading Catalan politician explains why:
-
4:00 - 4:03Well, there are some very obvious reasons...
-
4:03 - 4:06is that Catalonia is a people with a language,
-
4:06 - 4:10with a historical tradition, with a different culture,
-
4:10 - 4:14totally different from the peoples
that occupies the centre of the peninsula -
4:14 - 4:19and that control the politics of the Spanish state.
-
4:19 - 4:21They are two different peoples.
-
4:21 - 4:26In what ways was Catalonia defined as a nation?
-
4:26 - 4:31Right. According to French historian, the eminent historian French, Pierre Vilar,
-
4:31 - 4:39Catalonia is one of the earliest medieval peoples to display aspects of the modern 'nation-state'.
-
4:39 - 4:46It was a... a people with strong national feeling.
-
4:46 - 4:52that early In the Middle Ages adopted structures very close to what would become the modern state.
-
4:53 - 4:57Cataluña, one of the earliest forerunners of the nation-state in Europe
-
4:57 - 5:01with its own particular language, culture and history.
-
5:01 - 5:03The closeness of Cataluña to the rest of Europe
-
5:03 - 5:06has been largely responsible for these differences.
-
5:06 - 5:11In the 8th century, the Muslims dominated most of Spain and part of France.
-
5:11 - 5:14But their influence on the language and culture of Cataluña
-
5:14 - 5:17was less than almost anywhere else in the peninsula
-
5:17 - 5:21because they only stayed for 90 years.
-
5:21 - 5:25In 801, the Franks under Charlemagne, drove the Muslims back out of northern Spain
-
5:25 - 5:32For the next two centuries, Cataluña was part of the Frankish Kingdom.
-
5:32 - 5:37While the rest of Spain looked south to the Arab world, Cataluña looked north to Europe.
-
5:37 - 5:41It was now that the Catalan Language was born.
-
5:41 - 5:43Spoken on both sides of the Pyrennees
-
5:43 - 5:48It was closer to the Latin dialects of southern France than to those of the peninsula.
-
5:48 - 5:51With the decline of the Frankish empire, at the end of the 10th century,
-
5:51 - 5:54Cataluña became independent.
-
5:54 - 5:58But it never lost its close ties with Europe
-
5:59 - 6:04Cataluña shared in the European movement of Romanesque art in the 11th and 12th centuries
-
6:04 - 6:09And contributed a highly individual style of its own.
-
6:21 - 6:30Catalan Romanesque art was a rich and vital expression of Cataluña's emerging identity.
-
6:45 - 6:50Politically as well as culturally, Cataluña was developing its own identity
-
6:50 - 6:52From the time of its earliest independent rulers
-
6:52 - 6:55Cataluña began to evolve a sophisticated form of government
-
6:55 - 6:57based around the court in Barcelona.
-
6:57 - 6:59The King ruled by the consent of the court
-
6:59 - 7:03and was bound to observe all statutes and laws they had agreed.
-
7:03 - 7:07He was one of the earliest forerunners of the constitutional monarch.
-
7:07 - 7:09With the creation of the Generalitat
-
7:09 - 7:11this system was formalised.
-
7:11 - 7:14The Generalitat was the earliest Catalan parliament
-
7:14 - 7:19and its function was to approve or disapprove of measures proposed by the King.
-
7:19 - 7:22The whole feudal system in Cataluña was sophisticated
-
7:22 - 7:27and nothing else like existed in Spain.
-
7:29 - 7:31Becoming stronger and more stable,
-
7:31 - 7:36Cataluña began to assert itself abroad.
-
7:37 - 7:39Under James I of Cataluña
-
7:39 - 7:43in the 13th century, Mallorca then Valencia were conquered.
-
7:43 - 7:46And in the 14th century, Sicily and Sardinia.
-
7:46 - 7:48And later, Naples.
-
7:49 - 7:51Cataluña's power was not just military.
-
7:51 - 7:55It became the most important trading state in the Mediterranean,
-
7:55 - 8:00with Barcelona as its commercial centre and port.
-
8:00 - 8:05The Gothic Quarter of the city contains buildings which reflect its wealth at this time.
-
8:05 - 8:06In the Middle Ages,
-
8:06 - 8:12Barcelona was one of the finest and richest cities in Europe.
-
8:29 - 8:33But Cataluña's strength and prosperity were not to last.
-
8:33 - 8:36In the 15th century, its population was decimated by a plague.
-
8:36 - 8:39And it lost its military and commercial power
-
8:39 - 8:42in the Mediterranean to the Turks.
-
8:43 - 8:45Under Ferdinand and Isabella,
-
8:45 - 8:48Castille became the most important power in the world
-
8:48 - 8:50because of its discovery of America.
-
8:50 - 8:53But despite Castille's dominance in Spain from then on,
-
8:53 - 8:56it never properly assimilated Cataluña.
-
8:56 - 8:57Why not?
-
8:57 - 9:00With the discovery of the Americas,
-
9:00 - 9:02the discoveries in the Americas
-
9:02 - 9:08became the property of the Crown of Castille, excluding Catalonia.
-
9:08 - 9:10The Crown of Castile was
-
9:10 - 9:16formed by a number of states, including naturally, Catalonia
-
9:16 - 9:18and Castille reserved for itself
-
9:18 - 9:22the exclusive control over trade with the Americas.
-
9:22 - 9:25This meant that, during the following centuries,
-
9:25 - 9:30Catalans could not move to the Americas, people could not go to America
-
9:30 - 9:39like so many people from other Spanish territories moved to America.
-
9:39 - 9:45Moreover, Catalonia, had lost practically all the Mediterranean trade
-
9:45 - 9:48largely due to the dominance of the Turks.
-
9:48 - 9:51It was a people that found it necessary to look inward.
-
9:51 - 9:56And thus, it had to find ways of life that worked internally.
-
9:58 - 10:02There are strong historical grounds for the Catalans' claim to some form of autonomy.
-
10:02 - 10:07And this feeling is not restricted to any political party or social class.
-
10:08 - 10:11Catalans have a sense of solidarity as a people
-
10:11 - 10:16with characteristics that make them different from other Spaniards.
-
10:17 - 10:18How do they see themselves?
-
10:18 - 10:21What is the Catalan character?
-
10:21 - 10:25Quiet, peaceful, hardworking.
-
10:25 - 10:30A Catalan is honest, friendly, pleasant,
-
10:30 - 10:34hardworking, direct.
-
10:34 - 10:38Traditionally, our character was maybe ... a bit closed
-
10:38 - 10:41with, uh,
-
10:41 - 10:45a strong spirit for commerce and above all, progressive
-
10:45 - 10:49say, more like Europe
-
10:49 - 10:51than to the rest of the Iberian Peninsula.
-
10:51 - 10:53Are you a Catalanist?
-
10:53 - 10:54Yes, sir.
-
10:54 - 10:56Are you a Catalanist?
-
10:56 - 10:58No. Not at all!
-
10:59 - 11:00Are you a Catalanist?
-
11:00 - 11:02Well, yes, sir.
-
11:02 - 11:03Why?
-
11:03 - 11:09Well, I'm... I do not know, I can not say... I feel
Catalan... -
11:09 - 11:11and I like ... my language.
-
11:11 - 11:14Eh ... well, I'm a Catalanist
-
11:14 - 11:17I feel Catalan. I think that Catalonia is a nation,
-
11:17 - 11:22that it must be respected as such
-
11:22 - 11:30and, after so many years of having been
suppressed, -
11:30 - 11:34it has the right and the duty to become and be treated as a nation.
-
11:34 - 11:36Are you a Catalanist?
-
11:36 - 11:37Well, yes.
-
11:37 - 11:39Why?
-
11:39 - 11:42Because that's how I feel.
-
11:42 - 11:47I believe in the future of ... Catalonia.
-
11:47 - 11:51I believe in the history that we've gone through.
-
11:51 - 11:56Eh... I have become aware of the myriad of injustices that we have suffered
-
11:56 - 11:59and ... I believe in the resurgence of the country.
-
12:00 - 12:04A sense of past history is important to Catalanist feelings,
-
12:04 - 12:08but the most important thing is the sharing of a common language.
-
12:08 - 12:1070% of population speak Catalan,
-
12:10 - 12:14and for 50%, it is their first language.
-
12:14 - 12:18Under Franco, people were fined on the spot for speaking it in public.
-
12:18 - 12:20Today, it is the language of the street once more
-
12:20 - 12:23both spoken and written.
-
12:24 - 12:24We want green spaces!
-
12:24 - 12:24Save the wetlands.
-
12:30 - 12:36No, I'm all set.
-
12:36 - 12:39OK, if it doesn't come out well, or whatever, you can bring it back. No questions asked.
-
12:39 - 12:40- I can exchange it?
- Yes, yes, yes, yes. -
12:40 - 12:42The use of Catalan is not confined
to any social class or any situation. -
12:42 - 12:47[Catalan-speaking merchant] Forty, and the pears make 130.
-
12:47 - 12:49[Customer] 130. Are you sure you added right?
[Merchant] 130 in total, yes, ma'am. -
12:49 - 12:50[Customer] I don't want the cauliflower.
[Merchant] OK, OK. -
12:50 - 12:52[Customer] It's too big.
[Merchant] I see, too big, no problem. -
12:52 - 12:53Catalan is the language of the local market.
-
12:53 - 12:56And of the expensive shop.
-
12:56 - 12:59[Catalan-speaking Customer] Will they fit?
[Catalan-speaking merchant] Yes, yes, perfectly. -
12:59 - 13:05And you can use an extension rod if you need to.
-
13:05 - 13:05[Customer] Excellent, does that seem good to you?
[Customer's friend] I think so, I like it. -
13:05 - 13:06[Customer] How much will it be, more or less?
-
13:06 - 13:09[Merchant] Around 35,700 pesetas, or so.
-
13:09 - 13:13Catalan is the now the official language for regional matters are concerned,
-
13:13 - 13:15in government administration
-
13:15 - 13:19and in the state-run radio and television system.
-
13:24 - 13:27[In Catalan] Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen,
undoubtedly, the most important news of the day -
13:27 - 13:33is the meeting held up until a few moments ago
In the Hall of the Hundred in the City Hall -
13:33 - 13:39with the members of the Assembly of Catalan parliamentarians.
-
13:39 - 13:43There was also a meeting today by the executive council of the Generalitat [Catalan Government]
-
13:43 - 13:48[Catalan-speaking technician] Camera one, camera two. Bachs. Camera two on Bachs.
-
13:48 - 13:53[Catalan speaker] We can also point out the important changes to the business organization chart
-
13:53 - 13:56[Spanish speaking technician] We're shifting to Bachs?
-
13:56 - 13:58With the revival of the Catalan language
-
13:58 - 14:01has come a resurgence of Catalan culture.
-
14:01 - 14:07But memories of repression linger on for painters like Tàpies
-
14:14 - 14:16and Guinovart.
-
14:23 - 14:28Today, many of Spain's most important artists are Catalan
-
14:34 - 14:39The great Catalan artist Joan Miró designed this record cover.
-
14:39 - 14:44Cataluña produces many of Spain's best popular musicians.
-
14:49 - 14:52Catalan theatre is the most active in Spain.
-
15:10 - 15:16Theatre companies provide popular as well as serious entertainment at the yearly Barcelona Festival.
-
15:16 - 15:19The liveliness of Catalan culture is a powerful factor
-
15:19 - 15:24in Catalans' feelings of solidarity and uniqueness.
-
15:46 - 15:49Cataluña has always been one of the most prosperous regions of Spain.
-
15:49 - 15:54And economic factors have considerably strengthened its desire for autonomy.
-
15:54 - 15:58In the 18th century Cataluña was the first part of Spain to become industrialized.
-
15:58 - 16:02And this in itself created tensions with the government in Madrid.
-
16:02 - 16:05[Historian Benet; Spanish] This industrialization provoked a further differenciation
-
16:05 - 16:09between the Catalan people and the Castillian people
-
16:09 - 16:12which was now the dominant power in the state.
-
16:12 - 16:14In Catalonia it wasn't just that a different language was spoken
-
16:14 - 16:16or that there was a different culture
-
16:16 - 16:20but also that what we call an industrial society was formed there.
-
16:20 - 16:24In Catalonia, an industrial bourgeosie appeared, and in Catalonia, there was also a working class
-
16:24 - 16:29with all of the new problems that were yet unknown in the rest of the Spanish state.
-
16:29 - 16:31They were not known in the center.
-
16:31 - 16:37And this differentiated them, made one people so different from the others.
-
16:37 - 16:41The differences became even more pronounced with industrialization.
-
16:41 - 16:45The new industrial working class felt that the Spanish government was so remote
-
16:45 - 16:48it could never understand their problems.
-
16:48 - 16:52The workers reacted by rejecting the whole political system.
-
16:52 - 16:56The left-wing movement that was born had strong anarchist tendencies.
-
16:56 - 17:01And this radical tradition was an important factor in Cataluña's hostility to central power
-
17:01 - 17:04during the next hundred years.
-
17:04 - 17:09But the government was not any more aware of the interests of the new middle class.
-
17:09 - 17:13[historian Benet, in Spanish] This provoked a series of very important problems in the Spanish state—
-
17:13 - 17:16problems, that can be understood if we take into account
-
17:16 - 17:19that Catalonia was the only country in Europe
-
17:19 - 17:25that underwent the industrial revolution, but whose bourgeousie
-
17:25 - 17:27that was born of the industrial revolution,
-
17:27 - 17:32this industrial bourgeousie was the only one in all of Europe that never came to power.
-
17:32 - 17:37Instead it was marginalised, and continues to be marginalised from power.
-
17:38 - 17:43So the industrialists disliked the central government just as much as their workers did.
-
17:43 - 17:45They supported and encouraged the autonomy movement
-
17:45 - 17:49even if mostly for reasons of economic self-interest.
-
17:52 - 17:57Most industrialists in Cataluña today still support some form of autonomy.
-
17:57 - 18:01Corberó is a large manufacturer of domestic electrical appliances.
-
18:01 - 18:04Its vice president is a strong supporter of autonomy.
-
18:04 - 18:07In what ways does Pedro Corberó think
-
18:07 - 18:11Cataluña has suffered under a centralised regime?
-
18:12 - 18:18[P.Corberó, in Spanish] I think that it has suffered in two ways:
-
18:18 - 18:23economically and politically.
-
18:24 - 18:31Economically, the Catalan country has been very conditioned
-
18:31 - 18:34by the economic power of the Spanish state.
-
18:35 - 18:39Because here in Catalonia, those institutions weren't there and there wasn't this mentality
-
18:39 - 18:47of... or the strong base of powerful financial firms who could give this support.
-
18:47 - 18:53In the political field, it's because all of the pertinent decisions
-
18:53 - 18:57that is pertinent to the business world, and specifically to the Catalan business world.
-
18:57 - 19:02were made, and are made, in Madrid, without Catalan participation.
-
19:04 - 19:06The Catalan industrialist wants autonomy
-
19:06 - 19:09partly because it makes for more efficient business,
-
19:09 - 19:14and partly because he wants Cataluña to benefit more directly from its own profits.
-
19:15 - 19:24[P.Corberó, in Spanish] Principally, the benefits would be related to a whole gamut of services
-
19:24 - 19:29not specfically tied to a given company.
-
19:29 - 19:31That's it, principally.
-
19:31 - 19:38Undoubtedly, in the Catalan country we're worried because we know that only a third of
-
19:38 - 19:43of what Catalonia gives to the Spanish state comes back to Catalonia.
-
19:43 - 19:50This is what makes us worry because we really already have the results of a lack of a whole series
-
19:50 - 19:56of services, and that's what keeps us from properly structuring the country.
-
19:58 - 20:01If the Catalan industrialist has always supported autonomy,
-
20:01 - 20:04today's workers feel differently.
-
20:04 - 20:05Most of them are non-Catalan.
-
20:05 - 20:08In Corberó's factory as many as 80%.
-
20:08 - 20:13They come to Cataluña from poorer parts of Spain for a job and better pay.
-
20:13 - 20:15These workers are outsiders in a community
-
20:15 - 20:18which is in the process of asserting its differences from others.
-
20:18 - 20:23Integration is a problem
which autonomy can only make more difficult. -
20:25 - 20:30In the industrial zone around Barcelona, the communities are largely non-Catalan.
-
20:30 - 20:34The "Barrio Seat" is where the workers of the SEAT car factory live
-
20:34 - 20:36in housing provided by the company.
-
20:36 - 20:43It's a very closed community with its own shops, bars, social facilities and its own school.
-
20:45 - 20:5085% of the SEAT workers come from other parts of Spain, mostly the south.
-
20:50 - 20:53And few of them speak any Catalan.
-
20:53 - 20:55They are known as immigrants
-
20:55 - 21:00and the problems of integration for them are considerable.
-
21:00 - 21:03The Catalan headmistress of a local school came to work in this district
-
21:03 - 21:06because she was concerned about these problems.
-
21:06 - 21:08Maria Teresa Codina:
-
21:08 - 21:12[Spanish] I believe that language is the most visible problem and the one that's most obvious.
-
21:12 - 21:22But the underlying problems are of adaptation, social problems above all.
-
21:22 - 21:27It's the problem of subsistence, to figuring out how they're going to earn a living
-
21:27 - 21:36how to get along with others, and how to get to, get access to, and rise to better situations.
-
21:36 - 21:41The predominance of non-Catalan workers in the factories, creates a kind of class distinction.
-
21:41 - 21:43Spanish is the language of the shop floor
-
21:43 - 21:46Catalan the language of the boardroom.
-
21:46 - 21:48But the managers are aware of how divisive this is,
-
21:48 - 21:52and insist on Spanish as the official language of the factory.
-
21:52 - 21:56But it's still a powerful barrier between worker and employer.
-
21:56 - 21:58[Catalan teacher speaks] Louder, I can't hear you.
-
21:58 - 22:00[Child, in Spanish] No
[Teacher, in Catalan] No, what? -
22:00 - 22:02[Child in Spanish] that you don't sit down
(NB: sentar-se in Catalan means to hear, sentarse in Spanish means to sit down) -
22:02 - 22:06[Teacher] No, man, I don't sit down. What time do you get up?
-
22:06 - 22:12So learning the language is an important first step in integration.
-
22:12 - 22:16The teaching of Catalan in all schools began in 1978.
-
22:16 - 22:22It should make integration for second generation immigrants much easier than for their parents.
-
22:22 - 22:24As Señora Codina explains:
-
22:24 - 22:29[Spanish] The immigrant thinks, one, that they're changing by accepting a culture, and taking on that culture,
-
22:29 - 22:34that they're acquiring the culture of the community that has received them, that is, Catalonia.
-
22:34 - 22:39But then, what happens is that they stop building on their own culture.
-
22:39 - 22:44They leave behind the traditions that they had, that belonged to them, that gave them security.
-
22:44 - 22:50which gave them their identity, and very often they ended up not having one thing or the other.
-
22:51 - 22:57The assertion of Catalan autonomy may have aggravated problems of integration.
-
22:57 - 23:01But then the association of different regions into one Spanish nation
-
23:01 - 23:03has always been a problem.
-
23:03 - 23:06In the past, the answer has frequently been dictatorship.
-
23:06 - 23:10Now other solutions are possible.
-
23:10 - 23:14[Benet, in Spanish] We believe that Spain, a Spanish state, with a federalist structure
-
23:14 - 23:22would be the best way to resolve the problems between the different peoples that make up the Spanish state.
-
23:22 - 23:27A federation that we can imagine open even to Portugal
-
23:27 - 23:30so that all the peoples on the peninsula would be included.
-
23:30 - 23:35And that we also see this as a step towards a united Europe
-
23:35 - 23:37that we would like to see happen one day.
-
23:37 - 23:41A Europe that would be an authentic federation of peoples.
-
23:41 - 23:47Now, however, we are realistic, and for the moment, for a series of reasons,
-
23:47 - 23:52this federal state is not yet possible in Spain.
-
23:52 - 23:58And for that reason, we accept this State structured with “autonomies” that
-
23:58 - 24:02is how the current Spanish situation can be defined.
-
24:02 - 24:08A single unitary state, but that is compatible with the autonomy of all of the peoples
-
24:08 - 24:10that make up the Spanish state.
-
24:10 - 24:20[Voices, in Catalan] We want, yes, yes, freedom, amnesty, we want, yes, yes
-
24:20 - 24:22freedom, amnesty, we want, yes, yes
-
24:22 - 24:26[Catalan National Anthem, "Els Segadors"]
-
24:30 - 24:33These subtitles were transcribed, timed and translated not by Google's bots
-
24:33 - 24:37but by interested human volunteers, like you,
-
24:37 - 24:42using the online collaboration tools at
www.amara.org
- Title:
- BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979)
- Description:
-
N.B. The English subtitles are now complete. If you know another language, please consider starting a translation project.
INFO ON ENGLISH SUBTITLES
The idea is to provide English for ALL significant spoken/written language and not just for non-English parts. Synced with the audio these can then be used as the basis for other language subtitles.DESCRIPCIÓ DE VIDEO
El reportatge oblidat de la BBC sobre Catalunya. Extremament difícil de trobar, fins ara no disponible a internet. Per a més informació, podeu consultar:http://blogspersonals.ara.cat/mindthegap/2013/04/30/el-reportatge-oblidat-de-la-bbc-sobre-catalunya/
- Video Language:
- English
- Duration:
- 24:43
Rory Mullins edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
Rory Mullins edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
Rory Mullins edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
Rory Mullins edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
lizcastro1 edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
lizcastro1 edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
lizcastro1 edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) | ||
lizcastro1 edited English subtitles for BBC: Cataluña, A region apart (1979) |