[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.73,0:00:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spanish Realities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.45,0:00:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña, A Region Apart
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1977, the people of Cataluña
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.54,0:00:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrated the traditional day of Catalan Solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.78,0:00:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the first time they had been able to do so
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.76,0:00:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since Franco came to part in the 30s.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.66,0:00:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One and half million Catalans came into the streets of Barcelona
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.86,0:00:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to assert their wish for autonomy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.39,0:01:02.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was hardly an extremist minority.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.86,0:01:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most Catalans feel deeply their right to some form of self-government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.53,0:01:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have expressed this feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.36,0:01:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many times in their past
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.34,0:01:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1931, Cataluña declared itself an independent republic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.42,0:01:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It set up its own government - the Generalitat
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.34,0:01:30.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the statute for autonomy was drawn up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.11,0:01:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new republican government in Madrid
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.02,0:01:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,approved the statute the following year.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.65,0:01:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under its President Macià,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.49,0:01:40.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña was officially autonomous.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.53,0:01:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not to last long.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.01,0:01:49.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.20,0:01:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barcelona was one of the last strongholds of resistance to Franco.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.07,0:01:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in January 1939, it too fell to the nationalists.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.21,0:02:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The siege of Barcelona was effectively the end of the civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.25,0:02:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thousands of Catalans fled to France.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.19,0:02:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the months that followed, many Catalans, including the Prime Minister, were shot.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.09,0:02:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under Franco, there followed a rigorous and systematic repression
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.56,0:02:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of everything that was Catalan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.70,0:02:38.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was not the first time a Spanish ruler
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.53,0:02:42.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had come into conflict with Cataluña
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.19,0:02:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1640, Cataluña declared itself a republic under French protection
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.02,0:02:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took the Spanish King 19 years to force Cataluña into submission
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.22,0:02:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 18th century, Cataluña again resisted the Spanish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.79,0:02:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,siding with Spain's enemy the Hapsburgs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.78,0:03:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in return for their support of Catalan Autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.02,0:03:07.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40,000 French and Castilian troops laid siege to Barcelona for 13 months
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.49,0:03:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before it gave in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.30,0:03:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 19th century, Catalan uprisings against the central powers of Spain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.31,0:03:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were sparked off a number of times.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.40,0:03:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1842, Barcelona took up arms against the dictatorial regent General Espartero
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.94,0:03:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who retaliated from the heights of the fortress of Montjuïc, bombarding the city into submission.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.49,0:03:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in 1868, Catalans rebelled against the monarchy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.89,0:03:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burning portraits of Queen Isabella II.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.76,0:03:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Cataluña was not always the only region to rebel
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.28,0:03:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it does have a long standing tradition of resistance to the central powers of Spain
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.15,0:03:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Senator Josep Benet, a historian and leading Catalan politician explains why:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.53,0:04:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, there are some very obvious reasons...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.96,0:04:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that Catalonia is a people with a language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.24,0:04:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a historical tradition, with a different culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.66,0:04:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,totally different from the peoples \Nthat occupies the centre of the peninsula
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.06,0:04:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that control the politics of the Spanish state.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.74,0:04:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are two different peoples.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.16,0:04:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In what ways was Catalonia defined as a nation?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.62,0:04:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right. According to French historian, the eminent historian French, Pierre Vilar,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.51,0:04:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalonia is one of the earliest medieval peoples to display aspects of the modern 'nation-state'.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.13,0:04:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a... a people with strong national feeling.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.15,0:04:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that early In the Middle Ages adopted structures very close to what would become the modern state.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.88,0:04:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña, one of the earliest forerunners of the nation-state in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.24,0:05:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with its own particular language, culture and history.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.80,0:05:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The closeness of Cataluña to the rest of Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.40,0:05:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been largely responsible for these differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.46,0:05:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 8th century, the Muslims dominated most of Spain and part of France.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.62,0:05:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But their influence on the language and culture of Cataluña
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.85,0:05:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was less than almost anywhere else in the peninsula
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.90,0:05:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they only stayed for 90 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.90,0:05:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 801, the Franks under Charlemagne, drove the Muslims back out of northern Spain
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.48,0:05:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For the next two centuries, Cataluña was part of the Frankish Kingdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.54,0:05:36.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the rest of Spain looked south to the Arab world, Cataluña looked north to Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.74,0:05:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was now that the Catalan Language was born.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.82,0:05:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spoken on both sides of the Pyrennees
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.25,0:05:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was closer to the Latin dialects of southern France than to those of the peninsula.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.80,0:05:51.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the decline of the Frankish empire, at the end of the 10th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.45,0:05:53.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña became independent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.84,0:05:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it never lost its close ties with Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.62,0:06:03.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña shared in the European movement of Romanesque art in the 11th and 12th centuries
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.77,0:06:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And contributed a highly individual style of its own.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.57,0:06:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalan Romanesque art was a rich and vital expression of Cataluña's emerging identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.36,0:06:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Politically as well as culturally, Cataluña was developing its own identity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.78,0:06:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the time of its earliest independent rulers
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.04,0:06:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña began to evolve a sophisticated form of government
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.05,0:06:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based around the court in Barcelona.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.02,0:06:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The King ruled by the consent of the court
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.48,0:07:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was bound to observe all statutes and laws they had agreed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.97,0:07:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was one of the earliest forerunners of the constitutional monarch.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.98,0:07:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the creation of the Generalitat
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.95,0:07:11.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this system was formalised.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.32,0:07:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Generalitat was the earliest Catalan parliament
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.28,0:07:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and its function was to approve or disapprove of measures proposed by the King.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.22,0:07:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whole feudal system in Cataluña was sophisticated
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.49,0:07:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nothing else like existed in Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.63,0:07:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Becoming stronger and more stable,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.25,0:07:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña began to assert itself abroad.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.95,0:07:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under James I of Cataluña
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.23,0:07:43.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 13th century, Mallorca then Valencia were conquered.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.01,0:07:46.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the 14th century, Sicily and Sardinia.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.07,0:07:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And later, Naples.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.02,0:07:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña's power was not just military.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.46,0:07:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It became the most important trading state in the Mediterranean,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.54,0:07:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Barcelona as its commercial centre and port.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.62,0:08:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Gothic Quarter of the city contains buildings which reflect its wealth at this time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.82,0:08:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the Middle Ages,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.16,0:08:11.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Barcelona was one of the finest and richest cities in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.74,0:08:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Cataluña's strength and prosperity were not to last.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.54,0:08:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 15th century, its population was decimated by a plague.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.34,0:08:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it lost its military and commercial power
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.59,0:08:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Mediterranean to the Turks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.19,0:08:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under Ferdinand and Isabella,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.90,0:08:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Castille became the most important power in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.52,0:08:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of its discovery of America.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.68,0:08:52.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite Castille's dominance in Spain from then on,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.68,0:08:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it never properly assimilated Cataluña.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.52,0:08:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.00,0:09:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the discovery of the Americas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.02,0:09:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the discoveries in the Americas
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.78,0:09:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became the property of the Crown of Castille, excluding Catalonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.38,0:09:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Crown of Castile was
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.01,0:09:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formed by a number of states, including naturally, Catalonia
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.52,0:09:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Castille reserved for itself
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.82,0:09:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the exclusive control over trade with the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.38,0:09:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This meant that, during the following centuries,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.72,0:09:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalans could not move to the Americas, people could not go to America
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.10,0:09:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like so many people from other Spanish territories moved to America.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.96,0:09:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moreover, Catalonia, had lost practically all the Mediterranean trade
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.21,0:09:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely due to the dominance of the Turks.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.61,0:09:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a people that found it necessary to look inward.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.02,0:09:55.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thus, it had to find ways of life that worked internally.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.62,0:10:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are strong historical grounds for the Catalans' claim to some form of autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.33,0:10:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this feeling is not restricted to any political party or social class.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.33,0:10:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalans have a sense of solidarity as a people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.18,0:10:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with characteristics that make them different from other Spaniards.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.50,0:10:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do they see themselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.29,0:10:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the Catalan character?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.14,0:10:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quiet, peaceful, hardworking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.85,0:10:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Catalan is honest, friendly, pleasant,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.55,0:10:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hardworking, direct.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.55,0:10:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Traditionally, our character was maybe ... a bit closed
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.26,0:10:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with, uh,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.06,0:10:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a strong spirit for commerce and above all, progressive
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.38,0:10:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say, more like Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.94,0:10:50.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than to the rest of the Iberian Peninsula.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.79,0:10:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a Catalanist?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.72,0:10:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, sir.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.87,0:10:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a Catalanist?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.50,0:10:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No. Not at all!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.74,0:10:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a Catalanist?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.89,0:11:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, yes, sir.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.61,0:11:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.13,0:11:08.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I'm... I do not know, I can not say... I feel\NCatalan...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.93,0:11:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I like ... my language.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.45,0:11:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eh ... well, I'm a Catalanist
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.76,0:11:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I feel Catalan. I think that Catalonia is a nation,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.41,0:11:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it must be respected as such
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.64,0:11:30.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, after so many years of having been\Nsuppressed,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.29,0:11:33.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has the right and the duty to become and be treated as a nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.61,0:11:35.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you a Catalanist?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.53,0:11:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.30,0:11:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.63,0:11:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's how I feel.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.92,0:11:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe in the future of ... Catalonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.21,0:11:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe in the history that we've gone through.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.58,0:11:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eh... I have become aware of the myriad of injustices that we have suffered
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.84,0:11:59.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ... I believe in the resurgence of the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.01,0:12:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A sense of past history is important to Catalanist feelings,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.81,0:12:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the most important thing is the sharing of a common language.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.80,0:12:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70% of population speak Catalan,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.42,0:12:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for 50%, it is their first language.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.57,0:12:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under Franco, people were fined on the spot for speaking it in public.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.60,0:12:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it is the language of the street once more
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.82,0:12:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both spoken and written.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want green spaces!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Save the wetlands.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.78,0:12:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I'm all set.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.47,0:12:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, if it doesn't come out well, or whatever, you can bring it back. No questions asked.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.06,0:12:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I can exchange it?\N- Yes, yes, yes, yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.36,0:12:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The use of Catalan is not confined \Nto any social class or any situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.65,0:12:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan-speaking merchant] Forty, and the pears make 130.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.41,0:12:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Customer] 130. Are you sure you added right?\N[Merchant] 130 in total, yes, ma'am.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.79,0:12:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Customer] I don't want the cauliflower.\N[Merchant] OK, OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.18,0:12:51.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Customer] It's too big. \N[Merchant] I see, too big, no problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.56,0:12:52.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalan is the language of the local market.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.94,0:12:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of the expensive shop.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.32,0:12:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan-speaking Customer] Will they fit? \N[Catalan-speaking merchant] Yes, yes, perfectly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.62,0:13:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can use an extension rod if you need to.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.51,0:13:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Customer] Excellent, does that seem good to you? \N[Customer's friend] I think so, I like it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.44,0:13:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Customer] How much will it be, more or less?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.37,0:13:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Merchant] Around 35,700 pesetas, or so.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.49,0:13:13.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalan is the now the official language for regional matters are concerned,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.17,0:13:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in government administration
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.77,0:13:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the state-run radio and television system.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.45,0:13:27.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[In Catalan] Good afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen, \Nundoubtedly, the most important news of the day
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.21,0:13:33.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the meeting held up until a few moments ago \NIn the Hall of the Hundred in the City Hall
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.21,0:13:38.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the members of the Assembly of Catalan parliamentarians.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.61,0:13:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was also a meeting today by the executive council of the Generalitat [Catalan Government]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.73,0:13:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan-speaking technician] Camera one, camera two. Bachs. Camera two on Bachs.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.54,0:13:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan speaker] We can also point out the important changes to the business organization chart
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.08,0:13:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Spanish speaking technician] We're shifting to Bachs?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.80,0:13:57.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the revival of the Catalan language
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.82,0:14:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has come a resurgence of Catalan culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.22,0:14:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But memories of repression linger on for painters like Tàpies
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.50,0:14:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Guinovart.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.50,0:14:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, many of Spain's most important artists are Catalan
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.29,0:14:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The great Catalan artist Joan Miró designed this record cover.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.06,0:14:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña produces many of Spain's best popular musicians.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.10,0:14:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalan theatre is the most active in Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.63,0:15:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theatre companies provide popular as well as serious entertainment at the yearly Barcelona Festival.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.18,0:15:19.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The liveliness of Catalan culture is a powerful factor
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.36,0:15:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Catalans' feelings of solidarity and uniqueness.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.58,0:15:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña has always been one of the most prosperous regions of Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.27,0:15:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And economic factors have considerably strengthened its desire for autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.66,0:15:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 18th century Cataluña was the first part of Spain to become industrialized.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.46,0:16:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this in itself created tensions with the government in Madrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.05,0:16:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Historian Benet; Spanish] This industrialization provoked a further differenciation
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.06,0:16:09.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the Catalan people and the Castillian people
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.26,0:16:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was now the dominant power in the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.70,0:16:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Catalonia it wasn't just that a different language was spoken
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.74,0:16:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that there was a different culture
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.62,0:16:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also that what we call an industrial society was formed there.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.26,0:16:24.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Catalonia, an industrial bourgeosie appeared, and in Catalonia, there was also a working class
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.06,0:16:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with all of the new problems that were yet unknown in the rest of the Spanish state.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.42,0:16:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not known in the center.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.22,0:16:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this differentiated them, made one people so different from the others.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.05,0:16:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The differences became even more pronounced with industrialization.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.92,0:16:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The new industrial working class felt that the Spanish government was so remote
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.12,0:16:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could never understand their problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.53,0:16:51.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The workers reacted by rejecting the whole political system.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.97,0:16:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The left-wing movement that was born had strong anarchist tendencies.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.93,0:17:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this radical tradition was an important factor in Cataluña's hostility to central power
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.21,0:17:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the next hundred years.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.97,0:17:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the government was not any more aware of the interests of the new middle class.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.69,0:17:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[historian Benet, in Spanish] This provoked a series of very important problems in the Spanish state—
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.73,0:17:15.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems, that can be understood if we take into account
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.87,0:17:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Catalonia was the only country in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.29,0:17:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that underwent the industrial revolution, but whose bourgeousie
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.70,0:17:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was born of the industrial revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.05,0:17:31.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this industrial bourgeousie was the only one in all of Europe that never came to power.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.73,0:17:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead it was marginalised, and continues to be marginalised from power.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.99,0:17:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the industrialists disliked the central government just as much as their workers did.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.91,0:17:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They supported and encouraged the autonomy movement
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.90,0:17:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if mostly for reasons of economic self-interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.25,0:17:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most industrialists in Cataluña today still support some form of autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.81,0:18:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Corberó is a large manufacturer of domestic electrical appliances.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.29,0:18:04.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its vice president is a strong supporter of autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.26,0:18:07.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In what ways does Pedro Corberó think
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.26,0:18:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cataluña has suffered under a centralised regime?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.94,0:18:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[P.Corberó, in Spanish] I think that it has suffered in two ways:
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.86,0:18:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economically and politically.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.68,0:18:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Economically, the Catalan country has been very conditioned
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.54,0:18:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the economic power of the Spanish state.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.85,0:18:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because here in Catalonia, those institutions weren't there and there wasn't this mentality
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.50,0:18:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of... or the strong base of powerful financial firms who could give this support.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.06,0:18:52.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the political field, it's because all of the pertinent decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.82,0:18:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is pertinent to the business world, and specifically to the Catalan business world.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.18,0:19:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were made, and are made, in Madrid, without Catalan participation.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.94,0:19:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Catalan industrialist wants autonomy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.46,0:19:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly because it makes for more efficient business,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.70,0:19:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and partly because he wants Cataluña to benefit more directly from its own profits.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.17,0:19:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[P.Corberó, in Spanish] Principally, the benefits would be related to a whole gamut of services
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.78,0:19:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not specfically tied to a given company.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.98,0:19:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's it, principally.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.18,0:19:38.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Undoubtedly, in the Catalan country we're worried because we know that only a third of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.30,0:19:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what Catalonia gives to the Spanish state comes back to Catalonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:42.62,0:19:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what makes us worry because we really already have the results of a lack of a whole series
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.92,0:19:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of services, and that's what keeps us from properly structuring the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.58,0:20:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the Catalan industrialist has always supported autonomy,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.39,0:20:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today's workers feel differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.70,0:20:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of them are non-Catalan.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.30,0:20:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Corberó's factory as many as 80%.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.98,0:20:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They come to Cataluña from poorer parts of Spain for a job and better pay.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.50,0:20:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These workers are outsiders in a community
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.78,0:20:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is in the process of asserting its differences from others.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.14,0:20:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Integration is a problem\Nwhich autonomy can only make more difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.66,0:20:29.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the industrial zone around Barcelona, the communities are largely non-Catalan.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.94,0:20:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The "Barrio Seat" is where the workers of the SEAT car factory live
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.82,0:20:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in housing provided by the company.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.22,0:20:43.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very closed community with its own shops, bars, social facilities and its own school.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.26,0:20:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,85% of the SEAT workers come from other parts of Spain, mostly the south.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.02,0:20:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And few of them speak any Catalan.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:52.70,0:20:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are known as immigrants
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.70,0:20:59.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the problems of integration for them are considerable.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.82,0:21:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Catalan headmistress of a local school came to work in this district
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.94,0:21:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she was concerned about these problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:05.94,0:21:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maria Teresa Codina:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:07.70,0:21:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Spanish] I believe that language is the most visible problem and the one that's most obvious.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:12.38,0:21:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the underlying problems are of adaptation, social problems above all.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:21.70,0:21:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the problem of subsistence, to figuring out how they're going to earn a living
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.02,0:21:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to get along with others, and how to get to, get access to, and rise to better situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.84,0:21:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The predominance of non-Catalan workers in the factories, creates a kind of class distinction.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:41.02,0:21:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spanish is the language of the shop floor
Dialogue: 0,0:21:43.14,0:21:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Catalan the language of the boardroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:46.10,0:21:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the managers are aware of how divisive this is,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.46,0:21:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and insist on Spanish as the official language of the factory.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:52.30,0:21:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's still a powerful barrier between worker and employer.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:56.33,0:21:58.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan teacher speaks] Louder, I can't hear you.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.26,0:22:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Child, in Spanish] No \N[Teacher, in Catalan] No, what?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.06,0:22:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Child in Spanish] that you don't sit down\N(NB: sentar-se in Catalan means to hear, sentarse in Spanish means to sit down)
Dialogue: 0,0:22:01.52,0:22:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Teacher] No, man, I don't sit down. What time do you get up?
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.22,0:22:11.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So learning the language is an important first step in integration.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:11.66,0:22:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The teaching of Catalan in all schools began in 1978.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:16.22,0:22:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It should make integration for second generation immigrants much easier than for their parents.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:21.70,0:22:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As Señora Codina explains:
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.78,0:22:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Spanish] The immigrant thinks, one, that they're changing by accepting a culture, and taking on that culture,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.02,0:22:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're acquiring the culture of the community that has received them, that is, Catalonia.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.10,0:22:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, what happens is that they stop building on their own culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:39.26,0:22:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They leave behind the traditions that they had, that belonged to them, that gave them security.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:43.70,0:22:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which gave them their identity, and very often they ended up not having one thing or the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.45,0:22:56.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The assertion of Catalan autonomy may have aggravated problems of integration.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.90,0:23:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then the association of different regions into one Spanish nation
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.66,0:23:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has always been a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:02.58,0:23:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the past, the answer has frequently been dictatorship.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.50,0:23:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now other solutions are possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:09.78,0:23:13.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Benet, in Spanish] We believe that Spain, a Spanish state, with a federalist structure
Dialogue: 0,0:23:13.94,0:23:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be the best way to resolve the problems between the different peoples that make up the Spanish state.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.18,0:23:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A federation that we can imagine open even to Portugal
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.78,0:23:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that all the peoples on the peninsula would be included.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:30.48,0:23:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that we also see this as a step towards a united Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:23:34.74,0:23:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we would like to see happen one day.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:37.23,0:23:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Europe that would be an authentic federation of peoples.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.23,0:23:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, however, we are realistic, and for the moment, for a series of reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:47.50,0:23:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this federal state is not yet possible in Spain.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:52.15,0:23:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for that reason, we accept this State structured with “autonomies” that
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.02,0:24:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how the current Spanish situation can be defined.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.18,0:24:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A single unitary state, but that is compatible with the autonomy of all of the peoples
Dialogue: 0,0:24:07.74,0:24:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make up the Spanish state.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:10.18,0:24:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Voices, in Catalan] We want, yes, yes, freedom, amnesty, we want, yes, yes
Dialogue: 0,0:24:19.70,0:24:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom, amnesty, we want, yes, yes
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.10,0:24:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Catalan National Anthem, "Els Segadors"]
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.59,0:24:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These subtitles were transcribed, timed and translated not by Google's bots
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.09,0:24:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but by interested human volunteers, like you,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.17,0:24:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the online collaboration tools at\Nwww.amara.org