The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now
-
0:01 - 0:04To be honest, by personality,
-
0:04 - 0:06I'm just not much of a crier.
-
0:07 - 0:11But I think in my career
that's been a good thing. -
0:11 - 0:13I'm a civil rights lawyer,
-
0:13 - 0:16and I've seen some
horrible things in the world. -
0:17 - 0:21I began my career working
police abuse cases in the United States. -
0:21 - 0:24And then in 1994, I was sent to Rwanda
-
0:24 - 0:29to be the director of the U.N.'s
genocide investigation. -
0:30 - 0:34It turns out that tears
just aren't much help -
0:34 - 0:37when you're trying
to investigate a genocide. -
0:37 - 0:42The things I had to see,
and feel and touch -
0:42 - 0:45were pretty unspeakable.
-
0:46 - 0:49What I can tell you is this:
-
0:49 - 0:51that the Rwandan genocide
-
0:51 - 0:57was one of the world's
greatest failures of simple compassion. -
0:58 - 1:01That word, compassion, actually
comes from two Latin words: -
1:01 - 1:07cum passio, which simply mean
"to suffer with." -
1:07 - 1:10And the things that I saw and experienced
-
1:10 - 1:13in Rwanda as I got up close
to human suffering, -
1:13 - 1:16it did, in moments, move me to tears.
-
1:16 - 1:19But I just wish that I,
and the rest of the world, -
1:19 - 1:21had been moved earlier.
-
1:21 - 1:23And not just to tears,
-
1:23 - 1:27but to actually stop the genocide.
-
1:27 - 1:29Now by contrast, I've also been involved
-
1:29 - 1:35with one of the world's greatest
successes of compassion. -
1:35 - 1:38And that's the fight against
global poverty. -
1:38 - 1:41It's a cause that probably
has involved all of us here. -
1:41 - 1:43I don't know if your first introduction
-
1:43 - 1:46might have been choruses of
"We Are the World," -
1:46 - 1:50or maybe the picture of a sponsored child
on your refrigerator door, -
1:50 - 1:54or maybe the birthday you
donated for fresh water. -
1:54 - 1:58I don't really remember what my first
introduction to poverty was -
1:58 - 2:01but I do remember the most jarring.
-
2:01 - 2:03It was when I met Venus --
-
2:03 - 2:06she's a mom from Zambia.
-
2:06 - 2:10She's got three kids and she's a widow.
-
2:10 - 2:13When I met her, she had walked
about 12 miles -
2:13 - 2:16in the only garments she owned,
-
2:16 - 2:20to come to the capital city
and to share her story. -
2:20 - 2:24She sat down with me for hours,
-
2:24 - 2:28just ushered me in to
the world of poverty. -
2:28 - 2:31She described what it was like
when the coals on the cooking fire -
2:31 - 2:35finally just went completely cold.
-
2:35 - 2:40When that last drop
of cooking oil finally ran out. -
2:40 - 2:44When the last of the food,
despite her best efforts, -
2:44 - 2:45ran out.
-
2:46 - 2:49She had to watch her youngest son, Peter,
-
2:49 - 2:52suffer from malnutrition,
-
2:52 - 2:56as his legs just slowly bowed
into uselessness. -
2:56 - 2:59As his eyes grew cloudy and dim.
-
2:59 - 3:03And then as Peter finally grew cold.
-
3:06 - 3:12For over 50 years, stories like this
have been moving us to compassion. -
3:12 - 3:15We whose kids have plenty to eat.
-
3:15 - 3:17And we're moved not only
to care about global poverty, -
3:17 - 3:22but to actually try to do our part
to stop the suffering. -
3:22 - 3:25Now there's plenty of room for critique
that we haven't done enough, -
3:25 - 3:30and what it is that we've done
hasn't been effective enough, -
3:30 - 3:33but the truth is this:
-
3:33 - 3:36The fight against global poverty
is probably the broadest, -
3:36 - 3:42longest running manifestation of the
human phenomenon of compassion -
3:42 - 3:45in the history of our species.
-
3:45 - 3:48And so I'd like to share
a pretty shattering insight -
3:48 - 3:53that might forever change the way
you think about that struggle. -
3:53 - 3:55But first, let me begin with what
you probably already know. -
3:55 - 3:59Thirty-five years ago, when I would have
been graduating from high school, -
3:59 - 4:05they told us that 40,000 kids every day
died because of poverty. -
4:05 - 4:10That number, today, is now
down to 17,000. -
4:10 - 4:12Way too many, of course,
-
4:12 - 4:14but it does mean that every year,
-
4:14 - 4:19there's eight million kids who
don't have to die from poverty. -
4:20 - 4:22Moreover, the number of
people in our world -
4:22 - 4:24who are living in extreme poverty,
-
4:24 - 4:28which is defined as living off
about a dollar and a quarter a day, -
4:28 - 4:31that has fallen from 50 percent,
-
4:31 - 4:34to only 15 percent.
-
4:35 - 4:37This is massive progress,
-
4:37 - 4:42and this exceeds everybody's
expectations about what is possible. -
4:42 - 4:45And I think you and I,
-
4:45 - 4:49I think, honestly, that we can
feel proud and encouraged -
4:49 - 4:53to see the way that compassion
actually has the power -
4:53 - 4:58to succeed in stopping
the suffering of millions. -
4:58 - 5:03But here's the part that you
might not hear very much about. -
5:03 - 5:08If you move that poverty mark just
up to two dollars a day, -
5:08 - 5:11it turns out that virtually
the same two billion people -
5:11 - 5:14who were stuck in that harsh poverty
when I was in high school, -
5:14 - 5:16are still stuck there,
-
5:16 - 5:1935 years later.
-
5:19 - 5:24So why, why are so many billions
still stuck in such harsh poverty? -
5:24 - 5:27Well, let's think about
Venus for a moment. -
5:27 - 5:31Now for decades, my wife and I have been
moved by common compassion -
5:31 - 5:34to sponsor kids, to fund microloans,
-
5:34 - 5:37to support generous levels of foreign aid.
-
5:37 - 5:41But until I had actually talked to Venus,
-
5:41 - 5:43I would have had no idea that
none of those approaches -
5:43 - 5:49actually addressed why she had
to watch her son die. -
5:50 - 5:54"We were doing fine," Venus told me,
-
5:54 - 5:59"until Brutus started to cause trouble."
-
5:59 - 6:02Now, Brutus is Venus' neighbor
and "cause trouble" -
6:02 - 6:05is what happened the day after
Venus' husband died, -
6:05 - 6:09when Brutus just came and threw
Venus and the kids out of the house, -
6:09 - 6:13stole all their land, and robbed
their market stall. -
6:14 - 6:19You see, Venus was thrown
into destitution by violence. -
6:21 - 6:23And then it occurred to me, of course,
-
6:23 - 6:27that none of my child sponsorships,
none of the microloans, -
6:27 - 6:31none of the traditional
anti-poverty programs -
6:31 - 6:35were going to stop Brutus,
-
6:35 - 6:38because they weren't meant to.
-
6:38 - 6:43This became even more clear
to me when I met Griselda. -
6:43 - 6:47She's a marvelous young girl
living in a very poor community -
6:47 - 6:49in Guatemala.
-
6:49 - 6:51And one of the things
we've learned over the years -
6:51 - 6:54is that perhaps the most powerful thing
-
6:54 - 6:57that Griselda and her family can do
-
6:57 - 6:59to get Griselda and her family
out of poverty -
6:59 - 7:03is to make sure that she goes to school.
-
7:03 - 7:07The experts call this the Girl Effect.
-
7:07 - 7:11But when we met Griselda,
she wasn't going to school. -
7:11 - 7:15In fact, she was rarely ever
leaving her home. -
7:16 - 7:18Days before we met her,
-
7:18 - 7:21while she was walking home
from church with her family, -
7:21 - 7:23in broad daylight,
-
7:23 - 7:27men from her community
just snatched her off the street, -
7:27 - 7:30and violently raped her.
-
7:30 - 7:34See, Griselda had every
opportunity to go to school, -
7:34 - 7:38it just wasn't safe for her to get there.
-
7:38 - 7:40And Griselda's not the only one.
-
7:40 - 7:43Around the world, poor women and girls
-
7:43 - 7:48between the ages of 15 and 44,
-
7:48 - 7:52they are -- when victims of
the everyday violence -
7:52 - 7:56of domestic abuse and sexual violence --
-
7:56 - 8:01those two forms of violence account
for more death and disability -
8:01 - 8:08than malaria, than car accidents,
than war combined. -
8:11 - 8:16The truth is, the poor of our world
are trapped in whole systems of violence. -
8:16 - 8:20In South Asia, for instance,
I could drive past this rice mill -
8:20 - 8:23and see this man hoisting
these 100-pound sacks -
8:23 - 8:25of rice upon his thin back.
-
8:25 - 8:27But I would have no idea, until later,
-
8:27 - 8:29that he was actually a slave,
-
8:29 - 8:34held by violence in that rice mill
since I was in high school. -
8:35 - 8:38Decades of anti-poverty programs
right in his community -
8:38 - 8:42were never able to rescue him
or any of the hundred other slaves -
8:42 - 8:46from the beatings and the rapes
and the torture -
8:46 - 8:50of violence inside the rice mill.
-
8:50 - 8:54In fact, half a century of
anti-poverty programs -
8:54 - 8:58have left more poor people in slavery
-
8:58 - 9:01than in any other time in human history.
-
9:01 - 9:07Experts tell us that there's about
35 million people in slavery today. -
9:07 - 9:11That's about the population
of the entire nation of Canada, -
9:11 - 9:14where we're sitting today.
-
9:14 - 9:17This is why, over time, I have come
to call this epidemic of violence -
9:17 - 9:20the Locust Effect.
-
9:20 - 9:23Because in the lives of the poor,
it just descends like a plague -
9:23 - 9:26and it destroys everything.
-
9:26 - 9:30In fact, now when you survey
very, very poor communities, -
9:30 - 9:34residents will tell you that their
greatest fear is violence. -
9:34 - 9:37But notice the violence that they fear
-
9:37 - 9:40is not the violence of
genocide or the wars, -
9:40 - 9:42it's everyday violence.
-
9:42 - 9:45So for me, as a lawyer, of course,
my first reaction was to think, -
9:45 - 9:48well, of course we've
got to change all the laws. -
9:48 - 9:51We've got to make all this violence
against the poor illegal. -
9:51 - 9:55But then I found out, it already is.
-
9:55 - 9:58The problem is not that
the poor don't get laws, -
9:58 - 10:01it's that they don't get law enforcement.
-
10:03 - 10:04In the developing world,
-
10:04 - 10:07basic law enforcement systems
are so broken -
10:07 - 10:10that recently the U.N. issued
a report that found -
10:10 - 10:16that "most poor people live
outside the protection of the law." -
10:16 - 10:18Now honestly, you and I have
just about no idea -
10:18 - 10:20of what that would mean
-
10:20 - 10:24because we have no
first-hand experience of it. -
10:24 - 10:27Functioning law enforcement for us
is just a total assumption. -
10:27 - 10:31In fact, nothing expresses that assumption
more clearly than three simple numbers: -
10:31 - 10:349-1-1,
-
10:34 - 10:37which, of course, is the number
for the emergency police operator -
10:37 - 10:40here in Canada and in the United States,
-
10:40 - 10:44where the average response time
to a police 911 emergency call -
10:44 - 10:46is about 10 minutes.
-
10:46 - 10:49So we take this just
completely for granted. -
10:49 - 10:54But what if there was no
law enforcement to protect you? -
10:55 - 10:59A woman in Oregon recently
experienced what this would be like. -
10:59 - 11:04She was home alone in her
dark house on a Saturday night, -
11:04 - 11:07when a man started to tear
his way into her home. -
11:07 - 11:08This was her worst nightmare,
-
11:08 - 11:13because this man had actually put her
in the hospital from an assault -
11:13 - 11:15just two weeks before.
-
11:15 - 11:19So terrified, she picks up that phone
and does what any of us would do: -
11:19 - 11:21She calls 911 --
-
11:21 - 11:26but only to learn that because
of budget cuts in her county, -
11:26 - 11:29law enforcement wasn't available
on the weekends. -
11:29 - 11:30Listen.
-
11:30 - 11:33Dispatcher: I don't have anybody
to send out there. -
11:33 - 11:34Woman: OK
-
11:34 - 11:38Dispatcher: Um, obviously if he comes
inside the residence and assaults you, -
11:38 - 11:40can you ask him to go away?
-
11:40 - 11:42Or do you know if
he is intoxicated or anything? -
11:42 - 11:45Woman: I've already asked him.
I've already told him I was calling you. -
11:45 - 11:48He's broken in before,
busted down my door, assaulted me. -
11:48 - 11:49Dispatcher: Uh-huh.
-
11:49 - 11:50Woman: Um, yeah, so ...
-
11:50 - 11:53Dispatcher: Is there any way you could
safely leave the residence? -
11:53 - 11:57Woman: No, I can't, because he's blocking
pretty much my only way out. -
11:57 - 12:00Dispatcher: Well, the only thing I can do
is give you some advice, -
12:00 - 12:03and call the sheriff's office tomorrow.
-
12:03 - 12:07Obviously, if he comes in and
unfortunately has a weapon -
12:07 - 12:11or is trying to cause you physical harm,
that's a different story. -
12:11 - 12:13You know, the sheriff's office
doesn't work up there. -
12:13 - 12:16I don't have anybody to send."
-
12:18 - 12:20Gary Haugen: Tragically, the woman
inside that house -
12:20 - 12:26was violently assaulted, choked and raped
-
12:26 - 12:32because this is what it means to live
outside the rule of law. -
12:34 - 12:38And this is where billions
of our poorest live. -
12:40 - 12:42What does that look like?
-
12:42 - 12:47In Bolivia, for example, if a man
sexually assaults a poor child, -
12:47 - 12:52statistically, he's at greater risk
of slipping in the shower and dying -
12:52 - 12:55than he is of ever going
to jail for that crime. -
12:56 - 13:01In South Asia, if you
enslave a poor person, -
13:01 - 13:04you're at greater risk of being
struck by lightning -
13:04 - 13:07than ever being sent
to jail for that crime. -
13:07 - 13:12And so the epidemic of everyday
violence, it just rages on. -
13:12 - 13:16And it devastates our efforts to try
to help billions of people -
13:16 - 13:19out of their two-dollar-a-day hell.
-
13:19 - 13:22Because the data just doesn't lie.
-
13:22 - 13:25It turns out that you can give
all manner of goods and services -
13:25 - 13:26to the poor,
-
13:26 - 13:29but if you don't restrain the hands
of the violent bullies -
13:29 - 13:31from taking it all away,
-
13:31 - 13:35you're going to be very disappointed
in the long-term impact of your efforts. -
13:36 - 13:40So you would think that the disintegration
of basic law enforcement -
13:40 - 13:43in the developing world
would be a huge priority -
13:43 - 13:46for the global fight against poverty.
-
13:46 - 13:48But it's not.
-
13:49 - 13:53Auditors of international assistance
recently couldn't find -
13:53 - 13:57even one percent of aid going
to protect the poor -
13:57 - 14:01from the lawless chaos
of everyday violence. -
14:01 - 14:04And honestly, when we do talk about
violence against the poor, -
14:04 - 14:08sometimes it's in the weirdest of ways.
-
14:08 - 14:11A fresh water organization tells
a heart-wrenching story -
14:11 - 14:14of girls who are raped on the way
to fetching water, -
14:14 - 14:18and then celebrates
the solution of a new well -
14:18 - 14:22that drastically shortens their walk.
-
14:22 - 14:24End of story.
-
14:25 - 14:30But not a word about the rapists who
are still right there in the community. -
14:32 - 14:34If a young woman on one
of our college campuses -
14:34 - 14:37was raped on her walk to the library,
-
14:37 - 14:43we would never celebrate the solution
of moving the library closer to the dorm. -
14:43 - 14:47And yet, for some reason,
this is okay for poor people. -
14:49 - 14:51Now the truth is, the traditional experts
-
14:51 - 14:54in economic development
and poverty alleviation, -
14:54 - 14:56they don't know how to fix this problem.
-
14:56 - 14:58And so what happens?
-
14:58 - 15:00They don't talk about it.
-
15:01 - 15:05But the more fundamental reason
-
15:05 - 15:08that law enforcement for the poor
in the developing world -
15:08 - 15:10is so neglected,
-
15:10 - 15:14is because the people inside
the developing world, with money, -
15:14 - 15:16don't need it.
-
15:17 - 15:20I was at the World Economic
Forum not long ago -
15:20 - 15:24talking to corporate executives who have
massive businesses in the developing world -
15:24 - 15:26and I was just asking them,
-
15:26 - 15:31"How do you guys protect all your people
and property from all the violence?" -
15:31 - 15:36And they looked at each other,
and they said, practically in unison, -
15:36 - 15:38"We buy it."
-
15:39 - 15:43Indeed, private security forces
in the developing world -
15:43 - 15:50are now, four, five and seven times
larger than the public police force. -
15:50 - 15:58In Africa, the largest employer
on the continent now is private security. -
15:59 - 16:03But see, the rich can pay for safety
and can keep getting richer, -
16:03 - 16:07but the poor can't pay for it
and they're left totally unprotected -
16:07 - 16:09and they keep getting thrown
to the ground. -
16:10 - 16:15This is a massive and scandalous outrage.
-
16:15 - 16:18And it doesn't have to be this way.
-
16:18 - 16:20Broken law enforcement can be fixed.
-
16:20 - 16:22Violence can be stopped.
-
16:22 - 16:25Almost all criminal justice systems,
-
16:25 - 16:27they start out broken and corrupt,
-
16:27 - 16:32but they can be transformed
by fierce effort and commitment. -
16:32 - 16:34The path forward is really pretty clear.
-
16:34 - 16:37Number one: We have to start making
-
16:37 - 16:41stopping violence indispensable
to the fight against poverty. -
16:41 - 16:44In fact, any conversation
about global poverty -
16:44 - 16:48that doesn't include the problem
of violence must be deemed not serious. -
16:49 - 16:54And secondly, we have to begin
to seriously invest resources -
16:54 - 16:58and share expertise to support
the developing world -
16:58 - 17:01as they fashion new,
public systems of justice, -
17:01 - 17:03not private security,
-
17:03 - 17:05that give everybody a chance to be safe.
-
17:06 - 17:09These transformations
are actually possible -
17:09 - 17:12and they're happening today.
-
17:12 - 17:15Recently, the Gates Foundation
funded a project -
17:15 - 17:17in the second largest city
of the Philippines, -
17:17 - 17:20where local advocates
and local law enforcement -
17:20 - 17:27were able to transform corrupt police
and broken courts so drastically, -
17:27 - 17:30that in just four short years,
-
17:30 - 17:32they were able to measurably reduce
-
17:32 - 17:38the commercial sexual violence
against poor kids by 79 percent. -
17:40 - 17:43You know, from the hindsight of history,
-
17:43 - 17:49what's always most inexplicable
and inexcusable -
17:49 - 17:52are the simple failures of compassion.
-
17:53 - 17:58Because I think history convenes
a tribunal of our grandchildren -
17:58 - 18:00and they just ask us,
-
18:00 - 18:03"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you?
-
18:04 - 18:08Where were you, Grandpa, when
the Jews were fleeing Nazi Germany -
18:08 - 18:10and were being rejected from our shores?
-
18:10 - 18:12Where were you?
-
18:12 - 18:14And Grandma, where were you
when they were marching -
18:14 - 18:18our Japanese-American neighbors
off to internment camps? -
18:18 - 18:21And Grandpa, where were you
when they were beating -
18:21 - 18:23our African-American neighbors
-
18:23 - 18:26just because they were trying
to register to vote?" -
18:26 - 18:31Likewise, when our grandchildren ask us,
-
18:31 - 18:33"Grandma, Grandpa, where were you
-
18:33 - 18:38when two billion of the world's poorest
were drowning in a lawless chaos -
18:38 - 18:40of everyday violence?"
-
18:41 - 18:48I hope we can say that we had compassion,
that we raised our voice, -
18:48 - 18:56and as a generation, we were moved
to make the violence stop. -
18:56 - 18:58Thank you very much.
-
18:58 - 19:02(Applause)
-
19:14 - 19:17Chris Anderson: Really powerfully argued.
-
19:17 - 19:19Talk to us a bit about
some of the things -
19:19 - 19:26that have actually been happening to,
for example, boost police training. -
19:26 - 19:27How hard a process is that?
-
19:27 - 19:31GH: Well, one of the glorious
things that's starting to happen now -
19:31 - 19:36is that the collapse of these systems
and the consequences are becoming obvious. -
19:36 - 19:39There's actually, now,
political will to do that. -
19:39 - 19:43But it just requires now an investment
of resources and transfer of expertise. -
19:43 - 19:47There's a political will struggle
that's going to take place as well, -
19:47 - 19:48but those are winnable fights,
-
19:48 - 19:51because we've done some examples
around the world -
19:51 - 19:54at International Justice Mission
that are very encouraging. -
19:54 - 19:57CA: So just tell us in one country,
how much it costs -
19:57 - 20:01to make a material difference
to police, for example -- -
20:01 - 20:03I know that's only one piece of it.
-
20:03 - 20:06GH: In Guatemala, for instance,
we've started a project there -
20:06 - 20:09with the local police
and court system, prosecutors, -
20:09 - 20:13to retrain them so that they can
actually effectively bring these cases. -
20:13 - 20:17And we've seen prosecutions against
perpetrators of sexual violence -
20:17 - 20:20increase by more than 1,000 percent.
-
20:20 - 20:24This project has been very modestly funded
at about a million dollars a year, -
20:24 - 20:27and the kind of bang
you can get for your buck -
20:27 - 20:31in terms of leveraging
a criminal justice system -
20:31 - 20:36that could function if it were properly
trained and motivated and led, -
20:36 - 20:38and these countries,
especially a middle class -
20:38 - 20:41that is seeing that there's
really no future -
20:41 - 20:45with this total instability and
total privatization of security -
20:45 - 20:48I think there's an opportunity,
a window for change. -
20:48 - 20:53CA: But to make this happen, you have
to look at each part in the chain -- -
20:53 - 20:56the police, who else?
-
20:56 - 20:58GH: So that's the thing
about law enforcement, -
20:58 - 20:59it starts out with the police,
-
20:59 - 21:02they're the front end
of the pipeline of justice, -
21:02 - 21:04but they hand if off to the prosecutors,
-
21:04 - 21:06and the prosecutors
hand it off to the courts, -
21:06 - 21:10and the survivors of violence
have to be supported by social services -
21:10 - 21:11all the way through that.
-
21:11 - 21:14So you have to do an approach
that pulls that all together. -
21:14 - 21:17In the past, there's been a little bit
of training of the courts, -
21:17 - 21:19but they get crappy evidence
from the police, -
21:19 - 21:23or a little police intervention
that has to do with narcotics or terrorism -
21:23 - 21:25but nothing to do with treating
the common poor person -
21:25 - 21:27with excellent law enforcement,
-
21:27 - 21:29so it's about pulling that all together,
-
21:29 - 21:32and you can actually have people
in very poor communities -
21:32 - 21:34experience law enforcement like us,
-
21:34 - 21:37which is imperfect in our
own experience, for sure, -
21:37 - 21:40but boy, is it a great thing to sense
that you can call 911 -
21:40 - 21:43and maybe someone will protect you.
-
21:43 - 21:46CA: Gary, I think you've done
a spectacular job -
21:46 - 21:48of bringing this to the world's attention
-
21:48 - 21:49in your book and right here today.
-
21:49 - 21:51Thanks so much.
-
21:51 - 21:51Gary Haugen.
-
21:51 - 21:53(Applause)
- Title:
- The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now
- Speaker:
- Gary Haugen
- Description:
-
Collective compassion has meant an overall decrease in global poverty since the 1980s, says civil rights lawyer Gary Haugen. Yet for all the world's aid money, there's a pervasive hidden problem keeping poverty alive. Haugen reveals the dark underlying cause we must recognize and act on now.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 22:08
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The hidden reason for poverty the world needs to address now |