WEBVTT 00:00:00.767 --> 00:00:03.619 To be honest, by personality, 00:00:03.619 --> 00:00:06.236 I'm just not much of a crier. 00:00:07.316 --> 00:00:10.596 But I think in my career that's been a good thing. 00:00:11.246 --> 00:00:12.630 I'm a civil rights lawyer, 00:00:12.630 --> 00:00:15.634 and I've seen some horrible things in the world. 00:00:17.034 --> 00:00:20.844 I began my career working police abuse cases in the United States. 00:00:20.844 --> 00:00:24.318 And then in 1994, I was sent to Rwanda 00:00:24.318 --> 00:00:29.248 to be the director of the U.N.'s genocide investigation. 00:00:29.908 --> 00:00:33.647 It turns out that tears just aren't much help 00:00:33.647 --> 00:00:37.176 when you're trying to investigate a genocide. 00:00:37.176 --> 00:00:42.037 The things I had to see, and feel and touch 00:00:42.037 --> 00:00:44.864 were pretty unspeakable. NOTE Paragraph 00:00:45.534 --> 00:00:48.891 What I can tell you is this: 00:00:48.891 --> 00:00:50.988 that the Rwandan genocide 00:00:50.988 --> 00:00:56.661 was one of the world's greatest failures of simple compassion. 00:00:57.711 --> 00:01:01.120 That word, compassion, actually comes from two Latin words: 00:01:01.120 --> 00:01:06.642 cum passio, which simply mean "to suffer with." 00:01:06.642 --> 00:01:10.204 And the things that I saw and experienced 00:01:10.204 --> 00:01:12.790 in Rwanda as I got up close to human suffering, 00:01:12.790 --> 00:01:16.129 it did, in moments, move me to tears. 00:01:16.129 --> 00:01:18.855 But I just wish that I, and the rest of the world, 00:01:18.855 --> 00:01:21.370 had been moved earlier. 00:01:21.370 --> 00:01:23.034 And not just to tears, 00:01:23.034 --> 00:01:26.834 but to actually stop the genocide. NOTE Paragraph 00:01:26.834 --> 00:01:29.292 Now by contrast, I've also been involved 00:01:29.292 --> 00:01:35.125 with one of the world's greatest successes of compassion. 00:01:35.125 --> 00:01:38.071 And that's the fight against global poverty. 00:01:38.071 --> 00:01:40.854 It's a cause that probably has involved all of us here. 00:01:40.854 --> 00:01:42.852 I don't know if your first introduction 00:01:42.852 --> 00:01:46.217 might have been choruses of "We Are the World," 00:01:46.217 --> 00:01:50.280 or maybe the picture of a sponsored child on your refrigerator door, 00:01:50.280 --> 00:01:54.367 or maybe the birthday you donated for fresh water. 00:01:54.367 --> 00:01:57.581 I don't really remember what my first introduction to poverty was 00:01:57.581 --> 00:02:01.145 but I do remember the most jarring. NOTE Paragraph 00:02:01.145 --> 00:02:03.307 It was when I met Venus -- 00:02:03.307 --> 00:02:06.029 she's a mom from Zambia. 00:02:06.029 --> 00:02:09.655 She's got three kids and she's a widow. 00:02:09.655 --> 00:02:13.022 When I met her, she had walked about 12 miles 00:02:13.022 --> 00:02:15.695 in the only garments she owned, 00:02:15.695 --> 00:02:19.957 to come to the capital city and to share her story. 00:02:19.957 --> 00:02:23.572 She sat down with me for hours, 00:02:23.572 --> 00:02:28.097 just ushered me in to the world of poverty. 00:02:28.097 --> 00:02:31.238 She described what it was like when the coals on the cooking fire 00:02:31.238 --> 00:02:34.967 finally just went completely cold. 00:02:34.967 --> 00:02:39.729 When that last drop of cooking oil finally ran out. 00:02:39.729 --> 00:02:43.585 When the last of the food, despite her best efforts, 00:02:43.585 --> 00:02:44.693 ran out. 00:02:46.113 --> 00:02:49.096 She had to watch her youngest son, Peter, 00:02:49.096 --> 00:02:51.878 suffer from malnutrition, 00:02:51.878 --> 00:02:55.954 as his legs just slowly bowed into uselessness. 00:02:55.954 --> 00:02:59.302 As his eyes grew cloudy and dim. 00:02:59.302 --> 00:03:03.480 And then as Peter finally grew cold. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:06.130 --> 00:03:11.811 For over 50 years, stories like this have been moving us to compassion. 00:03:11.811 --> 00:03:14.661 We whose kids have plenty to eat. 00:03:14.661 --> 00:03:17.330 And we're moved not only to care about global poverty, 00:03:17.330 --> 00:03:22.020 but to actually try to do our part to stop the suffering. 00:03:22.020 --> 00:03:25.493 Now there's plenty of room for critique that we haven't done enough, 00:03:25.493 --> 00:03:29.715 and what it is that we've done hasn't been effective enough, 00:03:29.715 --> 00:03:32.845 but the truth is this: 00:03:32.845 --> 00:03:36.396 The fight against global poverty is probably the broadest, 00:03:36.396 --> 00:03:41.531 longest running manifestation of the human phenomenon of compassion 00:03:41.531 --> 00:03:44.673 in the history of our species. 00:03:44.673 --> 00:03:48.322 And so I'd like to share a pretty shattering insight 00:03:48.322 --> 00:03:52.615 that might forever change the way you think about that struggle. NOTE Paragraph 00:03:52.615 --> 00:03:55.438 But first, let me begin with what you probably already know. 00:03:55.438 --> 00:03:58.920 Thirty-five years ago, when I would have been graduating from high school, 00:03:58.920 --> 00:04:05.297 they told us that 40,000 kids every day died because of poverty. 00:04:05.297 --> 00:04:09.669 That number, today, is now down to 17,000. 00:04:09.669 --> 00:04:11.675 Way too many, of course, 00:04:11.675 --> 00:04:14.352 but it does mean that every year, 00:04:14.352 --> 00:04:18.900 there's eight million kids who don't have to die from poverty. 00:04:19.650 --> 00:04:22.067 Moreover, the number of people in our world 00:04:22.067 --> 00:04:24.230 who are living in extreme poverty, 00:04:24.230 --> 00:04:27.567 which is defined as living off about a dollar and a quarter a day, 00:04:27.567 --> 00:04:31.179 that has fallen from 50 percent, 00:04:31.179 --> 00:04:34.413 to only 15 percent. 00:04:35.403 --> 00:04:36.853 This is massive progress, 00:04:36.853 --> 00:04:41.678 and this exceeds everybody's expectations about what is possible. 00:04:42.258 --> 00:04:45.123 And I think you and I, 00:04:45.123 --> 00:04:49.399 I think, honestly, that we can feel proud and encouraged 00:04:49.399 --> 00:04:53.284 to see the way that compassion actually has the power 00:04:53.284 --> 00:04:58.476 to succeed in stopping the suffering of millions. NOTE Paragraph 00:04:58.476 --> 00:05:02.852 But here's the part that you might not hear very much about. 00:05:02.852 --> 00:05:07.586 If you move that poverty mark just up to two dollars a day, 00:05:07.586 --> 00:05:10.585 it turns out that virtually the same two billion people 00:05:10.585 --> 00:05:14.397 who were stuck in that harsh poverty when I was in high school, 00:05:14.397 --> 00:05:16.278 are still stuck there, 00:05:16.278 --> 00:05:18.667 35 years later. NOTE Paragraph 00:05:18.667 --> 00:05:23.686 So why, why are so many billions still stuck in such harsh poverty? 00:05:24.396 --> 00:05:27.351 Well, let's think about Venus for a moment. 00:05:27.351 --> 00:05:31.123 Now for decades, my wife and I have been moved by common compassion 00:05:31.123 --> 00:05:33.952 to sponsor kids, to fund microloans, 00:05:33.952 --> 00:05:37.471 to support generous levels of foreign aid. 00:05:37.471 --> 00:05:40.563 But until I had actually talked to Venus, 00:05:40.563 --> 00:05:43.200 I would have had no idea that none of those approaches 00:05:43.200 --> 00:05:48.696 actually addressed why she had to watch her son die. 00:05:49.806 --> 00:05:54.243 "We were doing fine," Venus told me, 00:05:54.243 --> 00:05:58.785 "until Brutus started to cause trouble." 00:05:58.785 --> 00:06:01.755 Now, Brutus is Venus' neighbor and "cause trouble" 00:06:01.755 --> 00:06:05.281 is what happened the day after Venus' husband died, 00:06:05.281 --> 00:06:09.213 when Brutus just came and threw Venus and the kids out of the house, 00:06:09.213 --> 00:06:12.965 stole all their land, and robbed their market stall. 00:06:14.385 --> 00:06:19.342 You see, Venus was thrown into destitution by violence. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:20.882 --> 00:06:22.891 And then it occurred to me, of course, 00:06:22.891 --> 00:06:26.690 that none of my child sponsorships, none of the microloans, 00:06:26.690 --> 00:06:30.552 none of the traditional anti-poverty programs 00:06:30.552 --> 00:06:34.518 were going to stop Brutus, 00:06:34.518 --> 00:06:37.872 because they weren't meant to. NOTE Paragraph 00:06:37.872 --> 00:06:42.878 This became even more clear to me when I met Griselda. 00:06:42.878 --> 00:06:47.097 She's a marvelous young girl living in a very poor community 00:06:47.097 --> 00:06:48.913 in Guatemala. 00:06:48.913 --> 00:06:51.310 And one of the things we've learned over the years 00:06:51.310 --> 00:06:53.881 is that perhaps the most powerful thing 00:06:53.881 --> 00:06:56.725 that Griselda and her family can do 00:06:56.725 --> 00:06:59.390 to get Griselda and her family out of poverty 00:06:59.390 --> 00:07:02.514 is to make sure that she goes to school. 00:07:02.514 --> 00:07:07.239 The experts call this the Girl Effect. 00:07:07.239 --> 00:07:11.321 But when we met Griselda, she wasn't going to school. 00:07:11.321 --> 00:07:14.878 In fact, she was rarely ever leaving her home. NOTE Paragraph 00:07:16.388 --> 00:07:18.173 Days before we met her, 00:07:18.173 --> 00:07:20.818 while she was walking home from church with her family, 00:07:20.818 --> 00:07:23.133 in broad daylight, 00:07:23.133 --> 00:07:26.610 men from her community just snatched her off the street, 00:07:26.610 --> 00:07:29.708 and violently raped her. 00:07:29.708 --> 00:07:34.205 See, Griselda had every opportunity to go to school, 00:07:34.205 --> 00:07:37.626 it just wasn't safe for her to get there. 00:07:37.626 --> 00:07:40.466 And Griselda's not the only one. 00:07:40.466 --> 00:07:43.190 Around the world, poor women and girls 00:07:43.190 --> 00:07:48.301 between the ages of 15 and 44, 00:07:48.301 --> 00:07:52.386 they are -- when victims of the everyday violence 00:07:52.386 --> 00:07:55.872 of domestic abuse and sexual violence -- 00:07:55.872 --> 00:08:00.684 those two forms of violence account for more death and disability 00:08:00.684 --> 00:08:07.688 than malaria, than car accidents, than war combined. 00:08:11.298 --> 00:08:16.075 The truth is, the poor of our world are trapped in whole systems of violence. NOTE Paragraph 00:08:16.075 --> 00:08:20.108 In South Asia, for instance, I could drive past this rice mill 00:08:20.108 --> 00:08:23.045 and see this man hoisting these 100-pound sacks 00:08:23.045 --> 00:08:25.089 of rice upon his thin back. 00:08:25.089 --> 00:08:26.907 But I would have no idea, until later, 00:08:26.907 --> 00:08:29.349 that he was actually a slave, 00:08:29.349 --> 00:08:33.738 held by violence in that rice mill since I was in high school. 00:08:34.828 --> 00:08:38.239 Decades of anti-poverty programs right in his community 00:08:38.239 --> 00:08:42.321 were never able to rescue him or any of the hundred other slaves 00:08:42.321 --> 00:08:45.957 from the beatings and the rapes and the torture 00:08:45.957 --> 00:08:49.652 of violence inside the rice mill. 00:08:49.652 --> 00:08:54.032 In fact, half a century of anti-poverty programs 00:08:54.032 --> 00:08:57.706 have left more poor people in slavery 00:08:57.706 --> 00:09:01.071 than in any other time in human history. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:01.071 --> 00:09:07.050 Experts tell us that there's about 35 million people in slavery today. 00:09:07.050 --> 00:09:10.711 That's about the population of the entire nation of Canada, 00:09:10.711 --> 00:09:14.179 where we're sitting today. 00:09:14.179 --> 00:09:17.483 This is why, over time, I have come to call this epidemic of violence 00:09:17.483 --> 00:09:19.772 the Locust Effect. 00:09:19.772 --> 00:09:22.783 Because in the lives of the poor, it just descends like a plague 00:09:22.783 --> 00:09:25.571 and it destroys everything. 00:09:25.571 --> 00:09:29.954 In fact, now when you survey very, very poor communities, 00:09:29.954 --> 00:09:34.038 residents will tell you that their greatest fear is violence. 00:09:34.038 --> 00:09:36.607 But notice the violence that they fear 00:09:36.607 --> 00:09:39.785 is not the violence of genocide or the wars, 00:09:39.785 --> 00:09:42.140 it's everyday violence. NOTE Paragraph 00:09:42.140 --> 00:09:45.353 So for me, as a lawyer, of course, my first reaction was to think, 00:09:45.353 --> 00:09:47.667 well, of course we've got to change all the laws. 00:09:47.667 --> 00:09:51.167 We've got to make all this violence against the poor illegal. 00:09:51.167 --> 00:09:54.902 But then I found out, it already is. 00:09:54.902 --> 00:09:57.742 The problem is not that the poor don't get laws, 00:09:57.742 --> 00:10:01.442 it's that they don't get law enforcement. 00:10:02.542 --> 00:10:04.185 In the developing world, 00:10:04.185 --> 00:10:07.250 basic law enforcement systems are so broken 00:10:07.250 --> 00:10:10.416 that recently the U.N. issued a report that found 00:10:10.416 --> 00:10:16.020 that "most poor people live outside the protection of the law." 00:10:16.020 --> 00:10:18.412 Now honestly, you and I have just about no idea 00:10:18.412 --> 00:10:20.009 of what that would mean 00:10:20.009 --> 00:10:23.688 because we have no first-hand experience of it. 00:10:23.688 --> 00:10:26.765 Functioning law enforcement for us is just a total assumption. 00:10:26.765 --> 00:10:31.137 In fact, nothing expresses that assumption more clearly than three simple numbers: 00:10:31.137 --> 00:10:33.598 9-1-1, 00:10:33.598 --> 00:10:36.765 which, of course, is the number for the emergency police operator 00:10:36.765 --> 00:10:40.066 here in Canada and in the United States, 00:10:40.066 --> 00:10:44.147 where the average response time to a police 911 emergency call 00:10:44.147 --> 00:10:45.810 is about 10 minutes. 00:10:45.810 --> 00:10:48.995 So we take this just completely for granted. NOTE Paragraph 00:10:48.995 --> 00:10:53.512 But what if there was no law enforcement to protect you? 00:10:54.582 --> 00:10:59.204 A woman in Oregon recently experienced what this would be like. 00:10:59.204 --> 00:11:03.545 She was home alone in her dark house on a Saturday night, 00:11:03.545 --> 00:11:06.510 when a man started to tear his way into her home. 00:11:06.510 --> 00:11:08.467 This was her worst nightmare, 00:11:08.467 --> 00:11:13.075 because this man had actually put her in the hospital from an assault 00:11:13.075 --> 00:11:15.193 just two weeks before. 00:11:15.193 --> 00:11:18.551 So terrified, she picks up that phone and does what any of us would do: 00:11:18.551 --> 00:11:21.196 She calls 911 -- 00:11:21.196 --> 00:11:26.028 but only to learn that because of budget cuts in her county, 00:11:26.028 --> 00:11:29.397 law enforcement wasn't available on the weekends. 00:11:29.397 --> 00:11:30.187 Listen. 00:11:30.187 --> 00:11:33.006 Dispatcher: I don't have anybody to send out there. 00:11:33.006 --> 00:11:34.023 Woman: OK 00:11:34.023 --> 00:11:38.126 Dispatcher: Um, obviously if he comes inside the residence and assaults you, 00:11:38.126 --> 00:11:39.799 can you ask him to go away? 00:11:39.799 --> 00:11:42.042 Or do you know if he is intoxicated or anything? 00:11:42.042 --> 00:11:45.415 Woman: I've already asked him. I've already told him I was calling you. 00:11:45.415 --> 00:11:48.088 He's broken in before, busted down my door, assaulted me. 00:11:48.088 --> 00:11:49.033 Dispatcher: Uh-huh. 00:11:49.033 --> 00:11:50.186 Woman: Um, yeah, so ... 00:11:50.186 --> 00:11:53.405 Dispatcher: Is there any way you could safely leave the residence? 00:11:53.405 --> 00:11:56.822 Woman: No, I can't, because he's blocking pretty much my only way out. 00:11:56.822 --> 00:11:59.968 Dispatcher: Well, the only thing I can do is give you some advice, 00:11:59.968 --> 00:12:02.684 and call the sheriff's office tomorrow. 00:12:02.684 --> 00:12:07.496 Obviously, if he comes in and unfortunately has a weapon 00:12:07.496 --> 00:12:10.822 or is trying to cause you physical harm, that's a different story. 00:12:10.822 --> 00:12:13.489 You know, the sheriff's office doesn't work up there. 00:12:13.489 --> 00:12:16.145 I don't have anybody to send." NOTE Paragraph 00:12:17.735 --> 00:12:20.388 Gary Haugen: Tragically, the woman inside that house 00:12:20.388 --> 00:12:26.327 was violently assaulted, choked and raped 00:12:26.327 --> 00:12:32.371 because this is what it means to live outside the rule of law. 00:12:33.841 --> 00:12:37.855 And this is where billions of our poorest live. 00:12:40.015 --> 00:12:42.443 What does that look like? 00:12:42.443 --> 00:12:46.871 In Bolivia, for example, if a man sexually assaults a poor child, 00:12:46.871 --> 00:12:51.544 statistically, he's at greater risk of slipping in the shower and dying 00:12:51.544 --> 00:12:54.942 than he is of ever going to jail for that crime. 00:12:56.002 --> 00:13:00.687 In South Asia, if you enslave a poor person, 00:13:00.687 --> 00:13:03.610 you're at greater risk of being struck by lightning 00:13:03.610 --> 00:13:06.660 than ever being sent to jail for that crime. 00:13:06.660 --> 00:13:11.639 And so the epidemic of everyday violence, it just rages on. 00:13:11.639 --> 00:13:15.738 And it devastates our efforts to try to help billions of people 00:13:15.738 --> 00:13:19.315 out of their two-dollar-a-day hell. 00:13:19.315 --> 00:13:21.817 Because the data just doesn't lie. 00:13:21.817 --> 00:13:24.876 It turns out that you can give all manner of goods and services 00:13:24.876 --> 00:13:26.029 to the poor, 00:13:26.029 --> 00:13:29.155 but if you don't restrain the hands of the violent bullies 00:13:29.155 --> 00:13:30.990 from taking it all away, 00:13:30.990 --> 00:13:35.349 you're going to be very disappointed in the long-term impact of your efforts. NOTE Paragraph 00:13:35.889 --> 00:13:39.660 So you would think that the disintegration of basic law enforcement 00:13:39.660 --> 00:13:42.675 in the developing world would be a huge priority 00:13:42.675 --> 00:13:45.915 for the global fight against poverty. 00:13:45.915 --> 00:13:48.048 But it's not. 00:13:49.028 --> 00:13:52.825 Auditors of international assistance recently couldn't find 00:13:52.825 --> 00:13:56.659 even one percent of aid going to protect the poor 00:13:56.659 --> 00:14:00.990 from the lawless chaos of everyday violence. 00:14:00.990 --> 00:14:04.296 And honestly, when we do talk about violence against the poor, 00:14:04.296 --> 00:14:07.805 sometimes it's in the weirdest of ways. 00:14:07.805 --> 00:14:10.888 A fresh water organization tells a heart-wrenching story 00:14:10.888 --> 00:14:14.480 of girls who are raped on the way to fetching water, 00:14:14.480 --> 00:14:18.290 and then celebrates the solution of a new well 00:14:18.290 --> 00:14:21.745 that drastically shortens their walk. 00:14:21.745 --> 00:14:23.953 End of story. 00:14:24.863 --> 00:14:30.353 But not a word about the rapists who are still right there in the community. 00:14:31.813 --> 00:14:34.127 If a young woman on one of our college campuses 00:14:34.127 --> 00:14:37.273 was raped on her walk to the library, 00:14:37.273 --> 00:14:43.121 we would never celebrate the solution of moving the library closer to the dorm. 00:14:43.121 --> 00:14:47.112 And yet, for some reason, this is okay for poor people. NOTE Paragraph 00:14:48.915 --> 00:14:51.469 Now the truth is, the traditional experts 00:14:51.469 --> 00:14:53.775 in economic development and poverty alleviation, 00:14:53.775 --> 00:14:56.035 they don't know how to fix this problem. 00:14:56.035 --> 00:14:57.856 And so what happens? 00:14:57.856 --> 00:14:59.947 They don't talk about it. 00:15:01.237 --> 00:15:05.408 But the more fundamental reason 00:15:05.408 --> 00:15:08.188 that law enforcement for the poor in the developing world 00:15:08.188 --> 00:15:10.072 is so neglected, 00:15:10.072 --> 00:15:13.957 is because the people inside the developing world, with money, 00:15:13.957 --> 00:15:16.075 don't need it. 00:15:17.165 --> 00:15:19.745 I was at the World Economic Forum not long ago 00:15:19.745 --> 00:15:23.689 talking to corporate executives who have massive businesses in the developing world 00:15:23.689 --> 00:15:25.771 and I was just asking them, 00:15:25.771 --> 00:15:31.325 "How do you guys protect all your people and property from all the violence?" 00:15:31.325 --> 00:15:36.147 And they looked at each other, and they said, practically in unison, 00:15:36.147 --> 00:15:38.174 "We buy it." NOTE Paragraph 00:15:39.474 --> 00:15:43.336 Indeed, private security forces in the developing world 00:15:43.336 --> 00:15:50.146 are now, four, five and seven times larger than the public police force. 00:15:50.146 --> 00:15:57.608 In Africa, the largest employer on the continent now is private security. 00:15:58.884 --> 00:16:02.702 But see, the rich can pay for safety and can keep getting richer, 00:16:02.702 --> 00:16:06.504 but the poor can't pay for it and they're left totally unprotected 00:16:06.504 --> 00:16:09.074 and they keep getting thrown to the ground. NOTE Paragraph 00:16:10.464 --> 00:16:14.896 This is a massive and scandalous outrage. 00:16:14.896 --> 00:16:17.849 And it doesn't have to be this way. 00:16:17.849 --> 00:16:20.416 Broken law enforcement can be fixed. 00:16:20.416 --> 00:16:22.496 Violence can be stopped. 00:16:22.496 --> 00:16:24.888 Almost all criminal justice systems, 00:16:24.888 --> 00:16:27.417 they start out broken and corrupt, 00:16:27.417 --> 00:16:31.687 but they can be transformed by fierce effort and commitment. NOTE Paragraph 00:16:31.687 --> 00:16:33.930 The path forward is really pretty clear. 00:16:33.930 --> 00:16:37.377 Number one: We have to start making 00:16:37.377 --> 00:16:41.144 stopping violence indispensable to the fight against poverty. 00:16:41.144 --> 00:16:43.578 In fact, any conversation about global poverty 00:16:43.578 --> 00:16:48.172 that doesn't include the problem of violence must be deemed not serious. NOTE Paragraph 00:16:49.416 --> 00:16:53.792 And secondly, we have to begin to seriously invest resources 00:16:53.792 --> 00:16:57.729 and share expertise to support the developing world 00:16:57.729 --> 00:17:01.086 as they fashion new, public systems of justice, 00:17:01.086 --> 00:17:02.652 not private security, 00:17:02.652 --> 00:17:05.299 that give everybody a chance to be safe. 00:17:06.349 --> 00:17:09.031 These transformations are actually possible 00:17:09.031 --> 00:17:11.640 and they're happening today. 00:17:11.640 --> 00:17:14.778 Recently, the Gates Foundation funded a project 00:17:14.778 --> 00:17:17.254 in the second largest city of the Philippines, 00:17:17.254 --> 00:17:20.260 where local advocates and local law enforcement 00:17:20.260 --> 00:17:27.118 were able to transform corrupt police and broken courts so drastically, 00:17:27.118 --> 00:17:29.705 that in just four short years, 00:17:29.705 --> 00:17:32.177 they were able to measurably reduce 00:17:32.177 --> 00:17:37.671 the commercial sexual violence against poor kids by 79 percent. NOTE Paragraph 00:17:39.758 --> 00:17:43.302 You know, from the hindsight of history, 00:17:43.302 --> 00:17:48.859 what's always most inexplicable and inexcusable 00:17:48.859 --> 00:17:52.080 are the simple failures of compassion. 00:17:53.480 --> 00:17:58.208 Because I think history convenes a tribunal of our grandchildren 00:17:58.208 --> 00:17:59.969 and they just ask us, 00:17:59.969 --> 00:18:03.211 "Grandma, Grandpa, where were you? 00:18:04.211 --> 00:18:07.766 Where were you, Grandpa, when the Jews were fleeing Nazi Germany 00:18:07.766 --> 00:18:09.695 and were being rejected from our shores? 00:18:09.695 --> 00:18:11.823 Where were you? 00:18:11.823 --> 00:18:14.223 And Grandma, where were you when they were marching 00:18:14.223 --> 00:18:18.276 our Japanese-American neighbors off to internment camps? 00:18:18.276 --> 00:18:20.665 And Grandpa, where were you when they were beating 00:18:20.665 --> 00:18:22.938 our African-American neighbors 00:18:22.938 --> 00:18:26.458 just because they were trying to register to vote?" 00:18:26.458 --> 00:18:30.702 Likewise, when our grandchildren ask us, 00:18:30.702 --> 00:18:33.143 "Grandma, Grandpa, where were you 00:18:33.143 --> 00:18:37.636 when two billion of the world's poorest were drowning in a lawless chaos 00:18:37.636 --> 00:18:40.337 of everyday violence?" 00:18:41.287 --> 00:18:47.852 I hope we can say that we had compassion, that we raised our voice, 00:18:47.852 --> 00:18:55.684 and as a generation, we were moved to make the violence stop. NOTE Paragraph 00:18:55.684 --> 00:18:58.141 Thank you very much. NOTE Paragraph 00:18:58.141 --> 00:19:01.830 (Applause) NOTE Paragraph 00:19:13.890 --> 00:19:16.785 Chris Anderson: Really powerfully argued. 00:19:16.785 --> 00:19:19.064 Talk to us a bit about some of the things 00:19:19.064 --> 00:19:25.588 that have actually been happening to, for example, boost police training. 00:19:25.588 --> 00:19:27.427 How hard a process is that? 00:19:27.427 --> 00:19:31.009 GH: Well, one of the glorious things that's starting to happen now 00:19:31.009 --> 00:19:35.619 is that the collapse of these systems and the consequences are becoming obvious. 00:19:35.619 --> 00:19:38.981 There's actually, now, political will to do that. 00:19:38.981 --> 00:19:43.106 But it just requires now an investment of resources and transfer of expertise. 00:19:43.106 --> 00:19:46.509 There's a political will struggle that's going to take place as well, 00:19:46.509 --> 00:19:48.324 but those are winnable fights, 00:19:48.324 --> 00:19:50.623 because we've done some examples around the world 00:19:50.623 --> 00:19:53.732 at International Justice Mission that are very encouraging. NOTE Paragraph 00:19:53.732 --> 00:19:57.233 CA: So just tell us in one country, how much it costs 00:19:57.233 --> 00:20:00.748 to make a material difference to police, for example -- 00:20:00.748 --> 00:20:02.538 I know that's only one piece of it. 00:20:02.538 --> 00:20:05.754 GH: In Guatemala, for instance, we've started a project there 00:20:05.754 --> 00:20:09.006 with the local police and court system, prosecutors, 00:20:09.006 --> 00:20:12.819 to retrain them so that they can actually effectively bring these cases. 00:20:12.819 --> 00:20:17.131 And we've seen prosecutions against perpetrators of sexual violence 00:20:17.131 --> 00:20:19.967 increase by more than 1,000 percent. 00:20:19.967 --> 00:20:24.356 This project has been very modestly funded at about a million dollars a year, 00:20:24.356 --> 00:20:26.662 and the kind of bang you can get for your buck 00:20:26.662 --> 00:20:30.838 in terms of leveraging a criminal justice system 00:20:30.838 --> 00:20:35.595 that could function if it were properly trained and motivated and led, 00:20:35.595 --> 00:20:38.138 and these countries, especially a middle class 00:20:38.138 --> 00:20:41.282 that is seeing that there's really no future 00:20:41.282 --> 00:20:45.150 with this total instability and total privatization of security 00:20:45.150 --> 00:20:48.341 I think there's an opportunity, a window for change. NOTE Paragraph 00:20:48.341 --> 00:20:53.418 CA: But to make this happen, you have to look at each part in the chain -- 00:20:53.421 --> 00:20:55.676 the police, who else? 00:20:55.676 --> 00:20:57.957 GH: So that's the thing about law enforcement, 00:20:57.957 --> 00:20:59.400 it starts out with the police, 00:20:59.400 --> 00:21:02.083 they're the front end of the pipeline of justice, 00:21:02.083 --> 00:21:04.030 but they hand if off to the prosecutors, 00:21:04.030 --> 00:21:06.265 and the prosecutors hand it off to the courts, 00:21:06.265 --> 00:21:09.557 and the survivors of violence have to be supported by social services 00:21:09.557 --> 00:21:10.863 all the way through that. 00:21:10.863 --> 00:21:13.675 So you have to do an approach that pulls that all together. 00:21:13.675 --> 00:21:16.726 In the past, there's been a little bit of training of the courts, 00:21:16.726 --> 00:21:18.900 but they get crappy evidence from the police, 00:21:18.900 --> 00:21:22.537 or a little police intervention that has to do with narcotics or terrorism 00:21:22.537 --> 00:21:25.405 but nothing to do with treating the common poor person 00:21:25.405 --> 00:21:26.924 with excellent law enforcement, 00:21:26.924 --> 00:21:28.949 so it's about pulling that all together, 00:21:28.949 --> 00:21:32.091 and you can actually have people in very poor communities 00:21:32.091 --> 00:21:34.274 experience law enforcement like us, 00:21:34.274 --> 00:21:37.096 which is imperfect in our own experience, for sure, 00:21:37.096 --> 00:21:40.228 but boy, is it a great thing to sense that you can call 911 00:21:40.228 --> 00:21:43.264 and maybe someone will protect you. NOTE Paragraph 00:21:43.264 --> 00:21:45.537 CA: Gary, I think you've done a spectacular job 00:21:45.537 --> 00:21:47.664 of bringing this to the world's attention 00:21:47.664 --> 00:21:49.411 in your book and right here today. NOTE Paragraph 00:21:49.411 --> 00:21:50.505 Thanks so much. NOTE Paragraph 00:21:50.505 --> 00:21:51.281 Gary Haugen. NOTE Paragraph 00:21:51.281 --> 00:21:53.114 (Applause)