Giving a Voice to the Voiceless | Robyn White | TEDxCapeTown
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0:13 - 0:17Our voice is our strongest
and most vital tool in life. -
0:18 - 0:20We use it to express our opinions,
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0:20 - 0:22to make statements,
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0:22 - 0:24to agree or disagree,
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0:24 - 0:27to reveal our innermost emotions,
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0:27 - 0:30to say 'yes', but to say
that important 'no'. -
0:30 - 0:34We use it to share ideas worth spreading.
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0:34 - 0:36But what if you had no voice?
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0:36 - 0:39What if you had no speech?
-
0:39 - 0:42Malala Yousafzai,
a human rights activist, -
0:42 - 0:45the youngest person to win
the Nobel Peace Prize -
0:45 - 0:48and who was a victim of attempted
murder by the Taliban -
0:48 - 0:55once said: "We realize the importance
of our voices only when we are silenced". -
0:56 - 1:0015% of the world's population
has a disability, -
1:01 - 1:04that is one billion people.
-
1:06 - 1:11Africa, as a continent, has one billion
people living in the continent, -
1:11 - 1:14that is how many people have a disability.
-
1:14 - 1:19Furthermore, 190 million people
in the world have a severe disability, -
1:19 - 1:22the vast majority of that being
a communication disability, -
1:22 - 1:24that affects their daily functioning.
-
1:24 - 1:28The population size of Pakistan
has a 190 million people there. -
1:28 - 1:30That is the same amount.
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1:31 - 1:35Within South Africa,
200,000 people cannot talk. -
1:36 - 1:38Let me put this in context.
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1:38 - 1:42The largest stadium in South Africa
is the FNB Stadium -
1:42 - 1:47and in 2011, 95,000 very excited fans
filled that stadium -
1:47 - 1:50for the rocking U2 band.
-
1:50 - 1:55I was a part of that 95,000 audience,
there were a lot of people. -
1:56 - 1:59If you had to fill this stadium twice,
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1:59 - 2:03that is how many people
in South Africa have no voice. -
2:04 - 2:07Individuals with disabilities
are also four times more likely -
2:07 - 2:10to be victims of crime, compared
to their non-disabled peers. -
2:11 - 2:15And this is even a more alarming concern
in our developing countries. -
2:15 - 2:17What if you couldn't tell a loved one
-
2:17 - 2:20that something horrible had happened
to you, like, you had been raped? -
2:20 - 2:24What if you couldn't go to
the police and give a statement -
2:24 - 2:25and tell them what happened?
-
2:25 - 2:28What if you couldn't tell
the social worker what happened -
2:28 - 2:31in order to help you
with the court preparation process? -
2:31 - 2:34What if you couldn't tell the judge
what happened? -
2:34 - 2:36What if you couldn't testify?
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2:36 - 2:39What if you just had no words?
-
2:41 - 2:44So how do we assist
these individuals with no voices? -
2:44 - 2:47How do we help in ending
the silence with them? -
2:47 - 2:52We use AAC: Alternative
and Argumentative Communication. -
2:53 - 2:55What is AAC, you may ask?
-
2:55 - 2:58The most famous person
who uses AAC is Dr. Stephen Hawkin, -
2:58 - 3:00the world-renowned physicist.
-
3:01 - 3:04He uses a sensor that is activated
by a small muscle in his cheek -
3:04 - 3:08that speaks to his computer
and then speaks for him. -
3:09 - 3:12Another well-known person is the
South-African born Martin Pistorius. -
3:13 - 3:16He also uses his computer
with software as voice output. -
3:16 - 3:19Martin has overcome many challenges
-
3:19 - 3:22and has gone on to do
inspirational things. -
3:22 - 3:25He gave a TED Talk last year and
you should really go watch it. -
3:25 - 3:28But let me show you a video quickly
of my colleague Constance. -
3:29 - 3:32She is using AAC, she is using
her Android phone -
3:32 - 3:34with software as her voice.
-
3:37 - 3:40Being a victim of rape
and not having a voice -
3:40 - 3:42has so much impact and it can be damaging
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3:42 - 3:44because we may be pregnant
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3:44 - 3:47or expose to diseases
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3:47 - 3:51and can be discovered
on a later stage or never. -
3:53 - 3:56So AAC can be in the form
of a tablet with software, -
3:56 - 4:01it can be a dedicated device designed
specifically for communication purposes, -
4:01 - 4:04it can be sign language like
Hanelle spoke about -
4:04 - 4:07or it can be a picture-based
alphabet board. -
4:07 - 4:11But what if the person who has
no voice is now not literate? -
4:11 - 4:13Dr. Stephen Hawking and Martin Pistorius,
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4:13 - 4:16they can read and write,
they can use text-to-speech. -
4:16 - 4:19So how do we assist these individuals?
-
4:19 - 4:24A later study estimated that 90%
of our children with disabilities -
4:24 - 4:26are not literate and
do not stand schooling. -
4:26 - 4:28How do we help them?
-
4:28 - 4:30We use pictures.
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4:30 - 4:33Or, like what we say in our field,
graphic symbols. -
4:33 - 4:35Currently, there is no complete language
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4:35 - 4:38that is in the form of pictures
or graphic symbols. -
4:38 - 4:41And if you think that the average person
has a vocabulary size -
4:41 - 4:44of 25,000 to 35,000 words,
-
4:44 - 4:46you could see how this would be
a mammoth task -
4:46 - 4:49to try and identify pictures
for all of this. -
4:49 - 4:53So what we do if we identify
context-specific vocabulary? -
4:53 - 4:57There are many researches
identifying vocabulary for context -
4:57 - 5:00that are able to put it on
a communication board -
5:00 - 5:03or program it into a communication device.
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5:03 - 5:08But many times, important context
vocabulary is not identified, -
5:08 - 5:11like being a victim of crime.
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5:11 - 5:15This is an example of a picture
communication board. -
5:15 - 5:21But let me stop and ask you a question:
if you could, in one picture, -
5:21 - 5:25represent the word 'rape',
what would it be? -
5:27 - 5:29It's not as easy as you think.
-
5:29 - 5:32That is why people like me
are investing our time and energy -
5:32 - 5:36in identifying this important vocabulary
and matching into pictures -
5:36 - 5:40so that in times of need, when a person
who is not literate, who has no voice, -
5:40 - 5:44and has been a victim of crime
can stand up and still tell their story. -
5:45 - 5:49Our work at the Center for Alternative
and Argumentative Communication -
5:49 - 5:50at the University of Pretoria
-
5:50 - 5:55and currently a significant research project
is underway doing exactly this. -
5:56 - 5:59Currently what we have identified,
and this is one of the examples, -
5:59 - 6:03we are very proud of this work,
we identified vocabulary that is needed -
6:03 - 6:06to disclose the crime to a loved one.
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6:06 - 6:09What we are also doing is identifying
vocabulary that is needed -
6:09 - 6:13to give the statement to the police,
because we know the statement -
6:13 - 6:16forms a crucial part of evidence
when we go to court. -
6:16 - 6:19We are also looking at identifying
vocabulary that is needed -
6:19 - 6:22during the court preparation process
with the social worker. -
6:22 - 6:26And what my contribution was,
is identifying the important vocabulary -
6:26 - 6:28that is needed to testify in court.
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6:28 - 6:32Here are some examples:
[Who, where, what, when, how] -
6:32 - 6:36Next year, I will be embarking
on my PhD journey, what I'm aiming to do -
6:36 - 6:42is take all of this vocabulary, make it
readily available in the form of a toolkit -
6:42 - 6:45so that this can be used as a guideline
or a base practice model -
6:45 - 6:47not only for the legal professionals,
-
6:47 - 6:50but for the families and familiar
communication partners -
6:50 - 6:52that are working for these individuals
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6:52 - 6:53who have been victims of crime.
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6:54 - 6:57AAC in the form of pictures
has the amazing ability -
6:57 - 7:00to bring these individuals' voices forth.
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7:00 - 7:05Imagine a world where every person
who couldn't talk had the right vocabulary -
7:05 - 7:07and the right device
to be able to communicate. -
7:08 - 7:10The risks of them being a victim of crime
-
7:10 - 7:13or a repeat victim
could decrease drastically. -
7:13 - 7:17Let us stop for a moment and think
about those 200,000 individuals -
7:17 - 7:22and the vast majority of the 190
million people living in the world -
7:22 - 7:26who cannot talk, specifically
those who are not literate. -
7:26 - 7:29If we could give them
this vital vocabulary, -
7:29 - 7:33they would be empowered
to be heard and not hurt. -
7:34 - 7:35Thank you very much.
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7:35 - 7:36(Applause)
- Title:
- Giving a Voice to the Voiceless | Robyn White | TEDxCapeTown
- Description:
-
People with communication disabilities are often repeat victims as they often do not have the vocabulary or tools (the voice) to communicate what happened to a loved one or a professional in the criminal legal justice system.This talk is about ending the silence of these individuals who can not talk, and empower them to be heard, and not hurt!Robyn is a lecturer at the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) at the University of Pretoria. She has recently been chosen as a Fellow for the Tuks Young Research Leader Programme for 2016/2017 at the University of Pretoria. Robyn is currently busy with her PhD focused on the investigatory procedure disabled citizens have to deal with within the criminal justice system of South Africa. Her passion started volunteering at a special needs school at the age of 16.
Robyn is a lecturer at the Centre for Augmentative and Alternative Communication (CAAC) at the University of Pretoria. She has recently been chosen as a Fellow for the Tuks Young Research Leader Programme for 2016/2017 at the University of Pretoria. Robyn is currently busy with her PhD focused on the investigatory procedure disabled citizens have to deal with within the criminal justice system of South Africa. Her passion started volunteering at a special needs school at the age of 16.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 07:44
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Retired user edited English subtitles for Giving a Voice to the Voiceless | Robyn White | TEDxCapeTown | ||
Retired user edited English subtitles for Giving a Voice to the Voiceless | Robyn White | TEDxCapeTown |
Claudia Sander
5:45
Centre for Alternative and Augmentative Communication
Argumentative -> Augmentative
Claudia Sander
2:55
Stephen Hawkin -> Stephen Hawking