The case for fish farming
-
0:01 - 0:03So I come from the tallest
people on the planet -- -
0:03 - 0:04the Dutch.
-
0:05 - 0:07It hasn't always been this way.
-
0:07 - 0:10In fact, all across the globe,
people have been gaining height. -
0:10 - 0:12In the last 150 years,
-
0:12 - 0:13in developed countries,
-
0:13 - 0:16on average, we have gotten
10 centimeters taller. -
0:16 - 0:19And scientists have a lot
of theories about why this is, -
0:19 - 0:21but almost all of them involve nutrition,
-
0:21 - 0:24namely the increase of dairy and meat.
-
0:24 - 0:26In the last 50 years,
-
0:26 - 0:29global meat consumption
has more than quadrupled, -
0:29 - 0:32from 71 million tons to 310 million tons.
-
0:33 - 0:36Something similar has been going on
with milk and eggs. -
0:36 - 0:41In every society where incomes have risen,
so has protein consumption. -
0:41 - 0:44And we know that globally,
we are getting richer. -
0:44 - 0:47And as the middle class is on the rise,
so is our global population, -
0:47 - 0:52from 7 billion of us today
to 9.7 billion by 2050, -
0:52 - 0:54which means that by 2050,
-
0:54 - 0:56we are going to need at least
70 percent more protein -
0:56 - 0:59than what is available to humankind today.
-
0:59 - 1:02And the latest prediction of the UN
puts that population number, -
1:02 - 1:05by the end of this century, at 11 billion,
-
1:05 - 1:08which means that we are going
to need a lot more protein. -
1:09 - 1:11This challenge is staggering --
-
1:11 - 1:12so much so, that recently,
-
1:12 - 1:16a team at Anglia Ruskin
Global Sustainability Institute suggested -
1:16 - 1:18that if we don't change
our global policies -
1:18 - 1:19and food production systems,
-
1:19 - 1:23our societies might actually collapse
in the next 30 years. -
1:24 - 1:28Currently, our ocean serves
as the main source of animal protein. -
1:28 - 1:32Over 2.6 billion people
depend on it every single day. -
1:33 - 1:34At the same time,
-
1:34 - 1:37our global fisheries
are two-and-a-half times larger -
1:37 - 1:40than what our oceans
can sustainably support, -
1:40 - 1:42meaning that humans take
far more fish from the ocean -
1:42 - 1:45than the oceans can naturally replace.
-
1:45 - 1:49WWF recently published a report
showing that just in the last 40 years, -
1:49 - 1:52our global marine life
has been slashed in half. -
1:53 - 1:57And another recent report suggests
that of our largest predatory species, -
1:57 - 2:00such as swordfish and bluefin tuna,
-
2:00 - 2:03over 90 percent has disappeared
since the 1950s. -
2:04 - 2:07And there are a lot of great, sustainable
fishing initiatives across the planet -
2:07 - 2:11working towards better practices
and better-managed fisheries. -
2:11 - 2:12But ultimately,
-
2:12 - 2:16all of these initiatives are working
towards keeping current catch constant. -
2:17 - 2:18It's unlikely,
-
2:18 - 2:20even with the best-managed fisheries,
-
2:20 - 2:23that we are going to be able to take
much more from the ocean -
2:23 - 2:24than we do today.
-
2:24 - 2:26We have to stop plundering
our oceans the way we have. -
2:26 - 2:29We need to alleviate the pressure on it.
-
2:29 - 2:30And we are at a point
-
2:30 - 2:33where if we push much harder
for more produce, -
2:33 - 2:34we might face total collapse.
-
2:35 - 2:40Our current systems are not going to feed
a growing global population. -
2:41 - 2:42So how do we fix this?
-
2:42 - 2:45What's the world going to look like
in just 35 short years -
2:45 - 2:49when there's 2.7 billion more of us
sharing the same resources? -
2:49 - 2:51We could all become vegan.
-
2:51 - 2:53Sounds like a great idea,
-
2:53 - 2:54but it's not realistic
-
2:54 - 2:56and it's impossibly hard
to mandate globally. -
2:57 - 3:00People are eating animal protein
whether we like it or not. -
3:01 - 3:02And suppose we fail to change our ways
-
3:02 - 3:05and continue on the current path,
-
3:05 - 3:06failing to meet demands.
-
3:06 - 3:09The World Health Organization
recently reported -
3:09 - 3:13that 800 million people are suffering
from malnutrition and food shortage, -
3:13 - 3:16which is due to that same
growing, global population -
3:16 - 3:20and the declining access to resources
like water, energy and land. -
3:21 - 3:23It takes very little imagination
-
3:23 - 3:28to picture a world of global unrest,
riots and further malnutrition. -
3:28 - 3:30People are hungry,
-
3:30 - 3:33and we are running dangerously low
on natural resources. -
3:33 - 3:35For so, so many reasons,
-
3:35 - 3:38we need to change our global
food production systems. -
3:38 - 3:40We must do better
-
3:40 - 3:41and there is a solution.
-
3:41 - 3:43And that solution lies in aquaculture --
-
3:44 - 3:47the farming of fish, plants like seaweed,
shellfish and crustaceans. -
3:48 - 3:50As the great ocean hero
Jacques Cousteau once said, -
3:50 - 3:53"We must start using the ocean
as farmers instead of hunters. -
3:53 - 3:57That's what civilization is all about --
farming instead of hunting." -
3:57 - 4:00Fish is the last food that we hunt.
-
4:00 - 4:04And why is it that we keep
hearing phrases like, -
4:04 - 4:05"Life's too short for farmed fish,"
-
4:05 - 4:07or, "Wild-caught, of course!"
-
4:07 - 4:09over fish that we know
virtually nothing about? -
4:09 - 4:12We don't know what it ate
during its lifetime, -
4:12 - 4:14and we don't know what
pollution it encounters. -
4:14 - 4:16And if it was a large predatory species,
-
4:16 - 4:19it might have gone through the coast
of Fukushima yesterday. -
4:19 - 4:20We don't know.
-
4:20 - 4:21Very few people realize
-
4:21 - 4:25the traceability in fisheries
never goes beyond the hunter -
4:25 - 4:27that caught the wild animal.
-
4:27 - 4:28But let's back up for a second
-
4:28 - 4:31and talk about why fish
is the best food choice. -
4:31 - 4:32It's healthy,
-
4:32 - 4:33it prevents heart disease,
-
4:33 - 4:35it provides key amino acids
-
4:35 - 4:37and key fatty acids like Omega-3s,
-
4:37 - 4:40which is very different from almost
any other type of meat. -
4:40 - 4:42And aside from being healthy,
-
4:42 - 4:44it's also a lot more exciting and diverse.
-
4:44 - 4:48Think about it -- most animal farming
is pretty monotonous. -
4:48 - 4:50Cow is cow, sheep is sheep, pig's pig,
-
4:50 - 4:54and poultry -- turkey, duck, chicken --
pretty much sums it up. -
4:54 - 4:59And then there's 500 species of fish
being farmed currently. -
4:59 - 5:02not that Western supermarkets
reflect that on their shelves, -
5:02 - 5:04but that's beside that point.
-
5:04 - 5:06And you can farm fish
in a very healthy manner -
5:06 - 5:09that's good for us, good for the planet
and good for the fish. -
5:10 - 5:12I know I sound fish-obsessed --
-
5:12 - 5:14(Laughter)
-
5:14 - 5:15Let me explain:
-
5:15 - 5:19My brilliant partner and wife,
Amy Novograntz, and I got involved -
5:19 - 5:20in aquaculture a couple of years ago.
-
5:21 - 5:23We were inspired by Sylvia Earle,
-
5:23 - 5:25who won the TED Prize in 2009.
-
5:25 - 5:28We actually met on Mission Blue I
in the Galapagos. -
5:29 - 5:31Amy was there as the TED Prize Director;
-
5:31 - 5:34me, an entrepreneur from the Netherlands
and concerned citizen, -
5:34 - 5:37love to dive, passion for the oceans.
-
5:37 - 5:40Mission Blue truly changed our lives.
-
5:40 - 5:41We fell in love,
-
5:41 - 5:42got married
-
5:42 - 5:45and we came away really inspired,
-
5:45 - 5:48thinking we really want to do something
about ocean conservation -- -
5:48 - 5:50something that was meant to last,
-
5:50 - 5:52that could make a real difference
-
5:52 - 5:55and something that we could do together.
-
5:56 - 5:59Little did we expect that that would
lead us to fish farming. -
6:00 - 6:02But a few months after
we got off the boat, -
6:02 - 6:04we got to a meeting
at Conservation International, -
6:04 - 6:08where the Director General of WorldFish
was talking about aquaculture, -
6:08 - 6:12asking a room full of environmentalists
to stop turning from it, -
6:12 - 6:14realize what was going on
-
6:14 - 6:15and to really get involved
-
6:15 - 6:18because aquaculture has the potential
-
6:18 - 6:21to be just what our oceans
and populations need. -
6:21 - 6:23We were stunned when we heard the stats
-
6:23 - 6:26that we didn't know more
about this industry already -
6:26 - 6:29and excited about the chance
to help get it right. -
6:29 - 6:31And to talk about stats --
-
6:31 - 6:34right now, the amount of fish
consumed globally, -
6:34 - 6:36wild catch and farmed combined,
-
6:36 - 6:38is twice the tonnage
of the total amount of beef -
6:38 - 6:40produced on planet earth last year.
-
6:40 - 6:43Every single fishing vessel combined,
-
6:43 - 6:45small and large, across the globe,
-
6:45 - 6:49together produce about 65 million tons
of wild-caught seafood -
6:49 - 6:50for human consumption.
-
6:51 - 6:52Aquaculture this year,
-
6:52 - 6:54for the first time in history,
-
6:54 - 6:56actually produces more
than what we catch from the wild. -
6:57 - 6:58But now this:
-
6:58 - 6:59Demand is going to go up.
-
7:00 - 7:02In the next 35 years,
-
7:02 - 7:07we are going to need an additional
85 million tons to meet demand, -
7:07 - 7:09which is one-and-a-half times
as much, almost, -
7:09 - 7:12as what we catch globally
out of our oceans. -
7:13 - 7:14An enormous number.
-
7:15 - 7:18It's safe to assume that that's not
going to come from the ocean. -
7:18 - 7:20It needs to come from farming.
-
7:20 - 7:21And talk about farming --
-
7:22 - 7:23for farming you need resources.
-
7:24 - 7:27As a human needs to eat
to grow and stay alive, -
7:27 - 7:29so does an animal.
-
7:29 - 7:32A cow needs to eat
eight to nine pounds of feed -
7:32 - 7:34and drink almost 8,000 liters of water
-
7:34 - 7:36to create just one pound of meat.
-
7:37 - 7:39Experts agree that it's impossible
-
7:39 - 7:42to farm cows for every
inhabitant on this planet. -
7:42 - 7:45We just don't have enough feed or water.
-
7:45 - 7:47And we can't keep cutting down
rain forests for it. -
7:47 - 7:51And fresh water -- planet earth
has a very limited supply. -
7:51 - 7:53We need something more efficient
-
7:53 - 7:56to keep humankind alive on this planet.
-
7:57 - 7:59And now let's compare
that with fish farming. -
7:59 - 8:03You can farm one pound of fish
with just one pound of feed, -
8:03 - 8:05and depending on species, even less.
-
8:06 - 8:07And why is that?
-
8:08 - 8:11Well, that's because fish,
first of all, float. -
8:11 - 8:14They don't need to stand around all day
resisting gravity like we do. -
8:15 - 8:17And most fish are cold-blooded --
-
8:17 - 8:18they don't need to heat themselves.
-
8:18 - 8:19Fish chills.
-
8:19 - 8:21(Laughter)
-
8:21 - 8:23And it needs very little water,
-
8:23 - 8:24which is counterintuitive,
-
8:24 - 8:25but as we say,
-
8:25 - 8:28it swims in it but it hardly drinks it.
-
8:28 - 8:32Fish are the most resource-efficient
animal protein available to humankind, -
8:32 - 8:34aside from insects.
-
8:35 - 8:37How much we've learned since.
-
8:37 - 8:41For example, on top of that
65 million tons that's annually caught -
8:41 - 8:43for human consumption,
-
8:43 - 8:47there's an additional 30 million tons
caught for animal feed, -
8:47 - 8:50mostly sardines and anchovies
for the aquaculture industry -
8:50 - 8:52that's turned into fish meal and fish oil.
-
8:53 - 8:54This is madness.
-
8:55 - 8:58Sixty-five percent of these fisheries,
globally, are badly managed. -
8:58 - 9:01Some of the worst issues
of our time are connected to it. -
9:01 - 9:02It's destroying our oceans.
-
9:02 - 9:05The worst slavery issues
imaginable are connected to it. -
9:06 - 9:09Recently, an article came out of Stanford
-
9:09 - 9:11saying that if 50 percent
of the world's aquaculture industry -
9:11 - 9:13would stop using fish meal,
-
9:13 - 9:14our oceans would be saved.
-
9:15 - 9:16Now think about that for a minute.
-
9:17 - 9:20Now, we know that the oceans
have far more problems -- -
9:20 - 9:22they have pollution,
there's acidification, -
9:22 - 9:24coral reef destruction and so on.
-
9:24 - 9:27But it underlines the impact
of our fisheries, -
9:27 - 9:29and it underlines how
interconnected everything is. -
9:30 - 9:33Fisheries, aquaculture, deforestation,
-
9:33 - 9:36climate change, food security and so on.
-
9:37 - 9:38In the search for alternatives,
-
9:38 - 9:40the industry, on a massive scale,
-
9:40 - 9:43has reverted to plant-based alternatives
-
9:43 - 9:45like soy, industrial chicken waste,
-
9:46 - 9:47blood meal from slaughterhouses
-
9:47 - 9:49and so on.
-
9:49 - 9:51And we understand where
these choices come from, -
9:51 - 9:53but this is not the right approach.
-
9:53 - 9:55It's not sustainable,
-
9:55 - 9:56it's not healthy.
-
9:56 - 9:58Have you ever seen a chicken
at the bottom of the ocean? -
9:58 - 10:00Of course not.
-
10:00 - 10:02If you feed salmon soy with nothing else,
-
10:02 - 10:04it literally explodes.
-
10:04 - 10:06Salmon is a carnivore,
-
10:06 - 10:08it has no way to digest soy.
-
10:09 - 10:11Now, fish farming is by far
-
10:11 - 10:14the best animal farming
available to humankind. -
10:14 - 10:16But it's had a really bad reputation.
-
10:16 - 10:19There's been excessive use of chemicals,
-
10:19 - 10:22there's been virus and disease
transfered to wild populations, -
10:22 - 10:24ecosystem destruction and pollution,
-
10:24 - 10:26escaped fish breeding
with wild populations, -
10:26 - 10:28altering the overall genetic pool,
-
10:28 - 10:31and then of course, as just mentioned,
-
10:31 - 10:33the unsustainable feed ingredients.
-
10:33 - 10:35How blessed were the days
-
10:35 - 10:37when we could just enjoy
food that was on our plate, -
10:37 - 10:38whatever it was.
-
10:39 - 10:40Once you know, you know.
-
10:40 - 10:42You can't go back.
-
10:42 - 10:43It's not fun.
-
10:43 - 10:46We really need a transparent food
system that we can trust, -
10:46 - 10:48that produces healthy food.
-
10:49 - 10:50But the good news is
-
10:50 - 10:53that decades of development and research
-
10:53 - 10:55have led to a lot of new
technologies and knowledge -
10:55 - 10:57that allow us to do a lot better.
-
10:57 - 11:00We can now farm fish
without any of these issues. -
11:01 - 11:03I think of agriculture
before the green revolution -- -
11:03 - 11:06we are at aquaculture
and the blue revolution. -
11:08 - 11:09New technologies means
-
11:09 - 11:13that we can now produce a feed
that's perfectly natural, -
11:13 - 11:14with a minimal footprint
-
11:14 - 11:18that consists of microbes, insects,
seaweeds and micro-algae. -
11:19 - 11:20Healthy for the people,
-
11:20 - 11:21healthy for the fish,
-
11:21 - 11:23healthy for the planet.
-
11:23 - 11:24Microbes, for example,
-
11:24 - 11:27can be a perfect alternative
for high-grade fish meal -- -
11:27 - 11:28at scale.
-
11:29 - 11:31Insects are the --
-
11:31 - 11:33well, first of all, the perfect recycling
-
11:33 - 11:35because they're grown on food waste;
-
11:35 - 11:36but second,
-
11:36 - 11:37think of fly-fishing,
-
11:37 - 11:40and you know how logical
it actually is to use it as fish feed. -
11:41 - 11:43You don't need large tracts of land for it
-
11:43 - 11:45and you don't need
to cut down rain forests for it. -
11:46 - 11:49And microbes and insects are actually
net water producers. -
11:50 - 11:52This revolution is starting as we speak,
-
11:52 - 11:53it just needs scale.
-
11:54 - 11:58We can now farm far more
species than ever before -
11:58 - 12:01in controlled, natural conditions,
creating happy fish. -
12:02 - 12:03I imagine, for example,
-
12:03 - 12:09a closed system that's performing
more efficiently than insect farming, -
12:09 - 12:12where you can produce
healthy, happy, delicious fish -
12:12 - 12:13with little or no effluent,
-
12:14 - 12:16almost no energy and almost no water
-
12:16 - 12:18and a natural feed
with a minimal footprint. -
12:19 - 12:22Or a system where you grow
up to 10 species next to each other -- -
12:22 - 12:24off of each other,
-
12:24 - 12:25mimicking nature.
-
12:26 - 12:27You need very little feed,
-
12:27 - 12:29very little footprint.
-
12:29 - 12:32I think of seaweed growing
off the effluent of fish, for example. -
12:34 - 12:37There's great technologies
popping up all over the globe. -
12:38 - 12:40From alternatives to battle disease
-
12:40 - 12:43so we don't need antibiotics
and chemicals anymore, -
12:43 - 12:46to automated feeders that feel
when the fish are hungry, -
12:46 - 12:50so we can save on feed
and create less pollution. -
12:50 - 12:53Software systems that gather
data across farms, -
12:53 - 12:55so we can improve farm practices.
-
12:55 - 12:58There's really cool stuff
happening all over the globe. -
12:59 - 13:01And make no mistake --
all of these things are possible -
13:01 - 13:04at a cost that's competitive
to what a farmer spends today. -
13:05 - 13:09Tomorrow, there will be no excuse
for anyone to not do the right thing. -
13:10 - 13:12So somebody needs to connect the dots
-
13:12 - 13:15and give these developments
a big kick in the butt. -
13:15 - 13:18And that's what we've been working on
the last couple of years, -
13:18 - 13:21and that's what we need
to be working on together -- -
13:21 - 13:23rethinking everything from the ground up,
-
13:23 - 13:26with a holistic view
across the value chain, -
13:26 - 13:28connecting all these things
across the globe, -
13:28 - 13:30alongside great entrepreneurs
-
13:30 - 13:33that are willing to share
a collective vision. -
13:33 - 13:36Now is the time to create
change in this industry -
13:36 - 13:39and to push it into
a sustainable direction. -
13:39 - 13:40This industry is still young,
-
13:40 - 13:42much of its growth is still ahead.
-
13:42 - 13:45It's a big task, but not
as far-fetched as you might think. -
13:45 - 13:46It's possible.
-
13:47 - 13:49So we need to take pressure off the ocean.
-
13:49 - 13:51We want to eat good and healthy.
-
13:51 - 13:53And if we eat an animal,
it needs to be one -
13:53 - 13:55that had a happy and healthy life.
-
13:55 - 13:57We need to have a meal that we can trust,
-
13:57 - 13:58live long lives.
-
13:59 - 14:02And this is not just for people
in San Francisco or Northern Europe -- -
14:02 - 14:04this is for all of us.
-
14:04 - 14:06Even in the poorest countries,
-
14:06 - 14:08it's not just about money.
-
14:08 - 14:11People prefer something fresh
and healthy that they can trust -
14:11 - 14:15over something that comes from far away
that they know nothing about. -
14:15 - 14:17We're all the same.
-
14:18 - 14:19The day will come
-
14:19 - 14:23where people will realize -- no, demand --
farmed fish on their plate -
14:23 - 14:25that's farmed well
and that's farmed healthy -- -
14:26 - 14:27and refuse anything less.
-
14:27 - 14:29You can help speed this up.
-
14:29 - 14:32Ask questions when you order seafood.
-
14:32 - 14:33Where does my fish come from?
-
14:33 - 14:35Who raised it,
-
14:35 - 14:36and what did it eat?
-
14:37 - 14:41Information about where your fish
comes from and how it was produced -
14:41 - 14:43needs to be much more readily available.
-
14:44 - 14:47And consumers need to put pressure
on the aquaculture industry -
14:47 - 14:48to do the right thing.
-
14:49 - 14:51So every time you order,
-
14:51 - 14:53ask for detail
-
14:53 - 14:55and show that you really care
about what you eat -
14:55 - 14:57and what's been given to you.
-
14:57 - 14:59And eventually, they will listen.
-
14:59 - 15:01And all of us will benefit.
-
15:02 - 15:03Thank you.
-
15:03 - 15:05(Applause)
- Title:
- The case for fish farming
- Speaker:
- Mike Velings
- Description:
-
We're headed towards a global food crisis: Nearly 3 billion people depend on the ocean for food, and at our current rate we already take more fish from the ocean than it can naturally replace. In this fact-packed, eye-opening talk, entrepreneur and conservationist Mike Velings proposes a solution: Aquaculture, or fish farming. "We must start using the ocean as farmers instead of hunters," he says, echoing Jacques Cousteau. "The day will come where people will demand farmed fish on their plates that's farmed well and farmed healthy -- and refuse anything less.”
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 15:18
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for The case for fish farming | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for The case for fish farming |