[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.82,0:00:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I come from the tallest\Npeople on the planet --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.22,0:00:04.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Dutch.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.38,0:00:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It hasn't always been this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.09,0:00:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, all across the globe,\Npeople have been gaining height.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.33,0:00:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last 150 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.92,0:00:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in developed countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.10,0:00:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on average, we have gotten\N10 centimeters taller.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.14,0:00:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And scientists have a lot\Nof theories about why this is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.94,0:00:21.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but almost all of them involve nutrition,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.39,0:00:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,namely the increase of dairy and meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.43,0:00:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last 50 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.96,0:00:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,global meat consumption\Nhas more than quadrupled,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.86,0:00:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from 71 million tons to 310 million tons.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.70,0:00:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Something similar has been going on\Nwith milk and eggs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.46,0:00:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In every society where incomes have risen,\Nso has protein consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.05,0:00:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we know that globally,\Nwe are getting richer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.01,0:00:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as the middle class is on the rise,\Nso is our global population,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.24,0:00:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from 7 billion of us today\Nto 9.7 billion by 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.21,0:00:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that by 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.70,0:00:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to need at least\N70 percent more protein
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.25,0:00:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what is available to humankind today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.32,0:01:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the latest prediction of the UN\Nputs that population number,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.36,0:01:04.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the end of this century, at 11 billion,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.85,0:01:07.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that we are going\Nto need a lot more protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.03,0:01:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This challenge is staggering --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.59,0:01:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much so, that recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.42,0:01:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a team at Anglia Ruskin\NGlobal Sustainability Institute suggested
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.56,0:01:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if we don't change\Nour global policies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.72,0:01:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and food production systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.30,0:01:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our societies might actually collapse\Nin the next 30 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.14,0:01:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently, our ocean serves\Nas the main source of animal protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.49,0:01:32.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 2.6 billion people\Ndepend on it every single day.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.18,0:01:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.38,0:01:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our global fisheries\Nare two-and-a-half times larger
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.06,0:01:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than what our oceans\Ncan sustainably support,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.61,0:01:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that humans take\Nfar more fish from the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.35,0:01:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the oceans can naturally replace.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.68,0:01:49.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,WWF recently published a report\Nshowing that just in the last 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.50,0:01:52.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our global marine life\Nhas been slashed in half.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.60,0:01:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another recent report suggests\Nthat of our largest predatory species,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.32,0:01:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as swordfish and bluefin tuna,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.69,0:02:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 90 percent has disappeared\Nsince the 1950s.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.65,0:02:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are a lot of great, sustainable\Nfishing initiatives across the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.45,0:02:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working towards better practices\Nand better-managed fisheries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.08,0:02:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But ultimately,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.26,0:02:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of these initiatives are working\Ntowards keeping current catch constant.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.56,0:02:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's unlikely,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.74,0:02:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with the best-managed fisheries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.55,0:02:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we are going to be able to take\Nmuch more from the ocean
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.54,0:02:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we do today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.72,0:02:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to stop plundering\Nour oceans the way we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.49,0:02:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to alleviate the pressure on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.67,0:02:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we are at a point
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.01,0:02:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where if we push much harder\Nfor more produce,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.80,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might face total collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.23,0:02:39.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our current systems are not going to feed\Na growing global population.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.86,0:02:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we fix this?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.15,0:02:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the world going to look like\Nin just 35 short years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.92,0:02:48.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there's 2.7 billion more of us\Nsharing the same resources?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.06,0:02:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could all become vegan.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.96,0:02:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sounds like a great idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.73,0:02:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's not realistic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.06,0:02:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's impossibly hard\Nto mandate globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.98,0:03:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are eating animal protein\Nwhether we like it or not.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.56,0:03:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And suppose we fail to change our ways
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.42,0:03:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and continue on the current path,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.57,0:03:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,failing to meet demands.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.43,0:03:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization\Nrecently reported
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.67,0:03:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 800 million people are suffering\Nfrom malnutrition and food shortage,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.86,0:03:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is due to that same\Ngrowing, global population
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.30,0:03:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the declining access to resources\Nlike water, energy and land.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.21,0:03:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes very little imagination
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.30,0:03:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to picture a world of global unrest,\Nriots and further malnutrition.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.27,0:03:29.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are hungry,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.92,0:03:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are running dangerously low\Non natural resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.33,0:03:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For so, so many reasons,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.91,0:03:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to change our global\Nfood production systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.26,0:03:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must do better
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.70,0:03:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.89,0:03:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that solution lies in aquaculture --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.50,0:03:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the farming of fish, plants like seaweed,\Nshellfish and crustaceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.86,0:03:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the great ocean hero\NJacques Cousteau once said,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.31,0:03:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We must start using the ocean\Nas farmers instead of hunters.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.21,0:03:56.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what civilization is all about --\Nfarming instead of hunting."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.40,0:03:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fish is the last food that we hunt.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.37,0:04:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why is it that we keep\Nhearing phrases like,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.71,0:04:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Life's too short for farmed fish,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.41,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or, "Wild-caught, of course!"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.02,0:04:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over fish that we know\Nvirtually nothing about?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.40,0:04:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know what it ate\Nduring its lifetime,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.63,0:04:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't know what\Npollution it encounters.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.83,0:04:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it was a large predatory species,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.77,0:04:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might have gone through the coast\Nof Fukushima yesterday.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.63,0:04:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.99,0:04:21.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very few people realize
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.36,0:04:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the traceability in fisheries\Nnever goes beyond the hunter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.03,0:04:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that caught the wild animal.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.57,0:04:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's back up for a second
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.03,0:04:30.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talk about why fish\Nis the best food choice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.64,0:04:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.81,0:04:33.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it prevents heart disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.09,0:04:34.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it provides key amino acids
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.56,0:04:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and key fatty acids like Omega-3s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.34,0:04:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is very different from almost\Nany other type of meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.24,0:04:41.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And aside from being healthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.87,0:04:44.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also a lot more exciting and diverse.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.49,0:04:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about it -- most animal farming\Nis pretty monotonous.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.70,0:04:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cow is cow, sheep is sheep, pig's pig,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.38,0:04:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and poultry -- turkey, duck, chicken --\Npretty much sums it up.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.48,0:04:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then there's 500 species of fish\Nbeing farmed currently.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.32,0:05:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that Western supermarkets\Nreflect that on their shelves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.27,0:05:03.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's beside that point.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.69,0:05:06.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can farm fish\Nin a very healthy manner
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.48,0:05:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's good for us, good for the planet\Nand good for the fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.06,0:05:11.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know I sound fish-obsessed --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.02,0:05:14.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.17,0:05:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me explain:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.35,0:05:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My brilliant partner and wife,\NAmy Novograntz, and I got involved
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.53,0:05:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in aquaculture a couple of years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.50,0:05:22.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were inspired by Sylvia Earle,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.80,0:05:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who won the TED Prize in 2009.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.12,0:05:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We actually met on Mission Blue I\Nin the Galapagos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.16,0:05:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Amy was there as the TED Prize Director;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.12,0:05:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me, an entrepreneur from the Netherlands\Nand concerned citizen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.33,0:05:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,love to dive, passion for the oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.29,0:05:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mission Blue truly changed our lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.65,0:05:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We fell in love,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.82,0:05:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got married
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.32,0:05:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we came away really inspired,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.59,0:05:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking we really want to do something\Nabout ocean conservation --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.82,0:05:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that was meant to last,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.58,0:05:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could make a real difference
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.16,0:05:54.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and something that we could do together.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.74,0:05:59.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little did we expect that that would\Nlead us to fish farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.74,0:06:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a few months after\Nwe got off the boat,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.86,0:06:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we got to a meeting\Nat Conservation International,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.42,0:06:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the Director General of WorldFish\Nwas talking about aquaculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.47,0:06:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asking a room full of environmentalists\Nto stop turning from it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.24,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realize what was going on
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.03,0:06:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to really get involved
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.47,0:06:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because aquaculture has the potential
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.61,0:06:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be just what our oceans\Nand populations need.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.18,0:06:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were stunned when we heard the stats
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.09,0:06:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we didn't know more\Nabout this industry already
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.65,0:06:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and excited about the chance\Nto help get it right.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.04,0:06:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to talk about stats --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.81,0:06:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right now, the amount of fish\Nconsumed globally,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.61,0:06:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wild catch and farmed combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.69,0:06:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is twice the tonnage\Nof the total amount of beef
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.05,0:06:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced on planet earth last year.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.44,0:06:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every single fishing vessel combined,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.77,0:06:44.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small and large, across the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.72,0:06:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together produce about 65 million tons\Nof wild-caught seafood
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.63,0:06:50.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for human consumption.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.62,0:06:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aquaculture this year,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.95,0:06:53.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in history,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.56,0:06:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually produces more\Nthan what we catch from the wild.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.87,0:06:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now this:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.05,0:06:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Demand is going to go up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.16,0:07:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the next 35 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.69,0:07:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are going to need an additional\N85 million tons to meet demand,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.71,0:07:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is one-and-a-half times\Nas much, almost,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.33,0:07:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as what we catch globally\Nout of our oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.14,0:07:14.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An enormous number.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.81,0:07:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's safe to assume that that's not\Ngoing to come from the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.94,0:07:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It needs to come from farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.16,0:07:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And talk about farming --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.50,0:07:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for farming you need resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.31,0:07:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a human needs to eat\Nto grow and stay alive,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.27,0:07:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so does an animal.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.76,0:07:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A cow needs to eat\Neight to nine pounds of feed
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.68,0:07:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drink almost 8,000 liters of water
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.16,0:07:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to create just one pound of meat.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.54,0:07:38.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Experts agree that it's impossible
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.60,0:07:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to farm cows for every\Ninhabitant on this planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.78,0:07:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just don't have enough feed or water.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.54,0:07:47.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we can't keep cutting down\Nrain forests for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.32,0:07:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And fresh water -- planet earth\Nhas a very limited supply.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.85,0:07:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need something more efficient
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.99,0:07:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep humankind alive on this planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.52,0:07:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now let's compare\Nthat with fish farming.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.16,0:08:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can farm one pound of fish\Nwith just one pound of feed,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.13,0:08:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and depending on species, even less.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.84,0:08:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.10,0:08:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, that's because fish,\Nfirst of all, float.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.89,0:08:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't need to stand around all day\Nresisting gravity like we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.81,0:08:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most fish are cold-blooded --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.58,0:08:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't need to heat themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.29,0:08:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fish chills.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.48,0:08:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.12,0:08:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it needs very little water,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.69,0:08:23.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is counterintuitive,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.99,0:08:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as we say,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.40,0:08:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it swims in it but it hardly drinks it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.82,0:08:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fish are the most resource-efficient\Nanimal protein available to humankind,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.26,0:08:33.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aside from insects.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.30,0:08:36.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much we've learned since.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.48,0:08:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, on top of that\N65 million tons that's annually caught
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.94,0:08:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for human consumption,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.58,0:08:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's an additional 30 million tons\Ncaught for animal feed,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.59,0:08:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mostly sardines and anchovies\Nfor the aquaculture industry
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.15,0:08:52.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's turned into fish meal and fish oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.60,0:08:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is madness.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.55,0:08:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sixty-five percent of these fisheries,\Nglobally, are badly managed.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.14,0:09:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the worst issues\Nof our time are connected to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.88,0:09:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's destroying our oceans.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.20,0:09:05.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The worst slavery issues\Nimaginable are connected to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.70,0:09:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, an article came out of Stanford
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.54,0:09:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying that if 50 percent\Nof the world's aquaculture industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.43,0:09:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would stop using fish meal,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.76,0:09:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our oceans would be saved.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.84,0:09:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now think about that for a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.52,0:09:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we know that the oceans\Nhave far more problems --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.56,0:09:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have pollution,\Nthere's acidification,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.37,0:09:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coral reef destruction and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.98,0:09:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it underlines the impact\Nof our fisheries,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.54,0:09:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it underlines how\Ninterconnected everything is.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.61,0:09:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fisheries, aquaculture, deforestation,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.25,0:09:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,climate change, food security and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.83,0:09:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the search for alternatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.36,0:09:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the industry, on a massive scale,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.44,0:09:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has reverted to plant-based alternatives
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.63,0:09:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like soy, industrial chicken waste,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.50,0:09:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blood meal from slaughterhouses
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.37,0:09:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.65,0:09:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we understand where\Nthese choices come from,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.14,0:09:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this is not the right approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.29,0:09:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not sustainable,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.57,0:09:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.77,0:09:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever seen a chicken\Nat the bottom of the ocean?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.45,0:09:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course not.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.83,0:10:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you feed salmon soy with nothing else,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.05,0:10:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it literally explodes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.46,0:10:05.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Salmon is a carnivore,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.64,0:10:07.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has no way to digest soy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.05,0:10:11.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, fish farming is by far
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.20,0:10:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the best animal farming\Navailable to humankind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.54,0:10:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's had a really bad reputation.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.37,0:10:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's been excessive use of chemicals,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.58,0:10:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's been virus and disease\Ntransfered to wild populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.78,0:10:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ecosystem destruction and pollution,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.13,0:10:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,escaped fish breeding\Nwith wild populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.37,0:10:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altering the overall genetic pool,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.40,0:10:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then of course, as just mentioned,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.88,0:10:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the unsustainable feed ingredients.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.40,0:10:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How blessed were the days
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.66,0:10:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we could just enjoy\Nfood that was on our plate,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.13,0:10:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whatever it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.82,0:10:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you know, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.39,0:10:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't go back.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.62,0:10:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.79,0:10:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We really need a transparent food\Nsystem that we can trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.01,0:10:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produces healthy food.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.73,0:10:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the good news is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.95,0:10:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that decades of development and research
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.89,0:10:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have led to a lot of new\Ntechnologies and knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.37,0:10:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that allow us to do a lot better.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.21,0:10:59.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can now farm fish\Nwithout any of these issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.55,0:11:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think of agriculture\Nbefore the green revolution --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.45,0:11:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are at aquaculture\Nand the blue revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.82,0:11:09.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New technologies means
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.08,0:11:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can now produce a feed\Nthat's perfectly natural,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.67,0:11:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a minimal footprint
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.88,0:11:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that consists of microbes, insects,\Nseaweeds and micro-algae.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.69,0:11:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Healthy for the people,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.02,0:11:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy for the fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.19,0:11:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,healthy for the planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.29,0:11:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Microbes, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.47,0:11:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be a perfect alternative\Nfor high-grade fish meal --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.34,0:11:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.80,0:11:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Insects are the --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.91,0:11:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, first of all, the perfect recycling
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.89,0:11:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're grown on food waste;
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.65,0:11:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but second,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.82,0:11:36.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of fly-fishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.100,0:11:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know how logical\Nit actually is to use it as fish feed.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.71,0:11:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need large tracts of land for it
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.76,0:11:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you don't need\Nto cut down rain forests for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.87,0:11:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And microbes and insects are actually\Nnet water producers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.51,0:11:51.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This revolution is starting as we speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.76,0:11:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it just needs scale.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.49,0:11:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can now farm far more\Nspecies than ever before
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.58,0:12:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in controlled, natural conditions,\Ncreating happy fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.90,0:12:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I imagine, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.20,0:12:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a closed system that's performing\Nmore efficiently than insect farming,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.84,0:12:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can produce\Nhealthy, happy, delicious fish
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.10,0:12:13.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with little or no effluent,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.50,0:12:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,almost no energy and almost no water
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.98,0:12:18.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a natural feed\Nwith a minimal footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.08,0:12:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or a system where you grow\Nup to 10 species next to each other --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.34,0:12:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,off of each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.74,0:12:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mimicking nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.92,0:12:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need very little feed,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.31,0:12:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very little footprint.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.56,0:12:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think of seaweed growing\Noff the effluent of fish, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.45,0:12:37.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's great technologies\Npopping up all over the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.57,0:12:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From alternatives to battle disease
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.78,0:12:42.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we don't need antibiotics\Nand chemicals anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.67,0:12:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to automated feeders that feel\Nwhen the fish are hungry,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.35,0:12:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can save on feed\Nand create less pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.02,0:12:52.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Software systems that gather\Ndata across farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.64,0:12:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can improve farm practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.13,0:12:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's really cool stuff\Nhappening all over the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.67,0:13:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And make no mistake --\Nall of these things are possible
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.34,0:13:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a cost that's competitive\Nto what a farmer spends today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.02,0:13:08.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomorrow, there will be no excuse\Nfor anyone to not do the right thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.16,0:13:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So somebody needs to connect the dots
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.45,0:13:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give these developments\Na big kick in the butt.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.05,0:13:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what we've been working on\Nthe last couple of years,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.10,0:13:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what we need\Nto be working on together --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.05,0:13:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rethinking everything from the ground up,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.42,0:13:25.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a holistic view\Nacross the value chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.97,0:13:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connecting all these things\Nacross the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.12,0:13:30.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,alongside great entrepreneurs
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.20,0:13:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are willing to share\Na collective vision.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.47,0:13:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now is the time to create\Nchange in this industry
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.33,0:13:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to push it into\Na sustainable direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.57,0:13:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This industry is still young,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.01,0:13:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much of its growth is still ahead.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.04,0:13:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big task, but not\Nas far-fetched as you might think.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.90,0:13:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.03,0:13:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we need to take pressure off the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.23,0:13:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to eat good and healthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.80,0:13:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we eat an animal,\Nit needs to be one
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.90,0:13:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had a happy and healthy life.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.58,0:13:56.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to have a meal that we can trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.81,0:13:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,live long lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.58,0:14:02.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is not just for people\Nin San Francisco or Northern Europe --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.50,0:14:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is for all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.37,0:14:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even in the poorest countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.05,0:14:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not just about money.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.59,0:14:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People prefer something fresh\Nand healthy that they can trust
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.43,0:14:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over something that comes from far away\Nthat they know nothing about.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.24,0:14:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're all the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.27,0:14:19.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The day will come
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.44,0:14:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people will realize -- no, demand --\Nfarmed fish on their plate
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.73,0:14:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's farmed well\Nand that's farmed healthy --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.20,0:14:27.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and refuse anything less.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.48,0:14:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can help speed this up.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.16,0:14:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ask questions when you order seafood.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.54,0:14:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where does my fish come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.43,0:14:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who raised it,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.96,0:14:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what did it eat?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.01,0:14:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Information about where your fish\Ncomes from and how it was produced
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.69,0:14:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needs to be much more readily available.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.66,0:14:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And consumers need to put pressure\Non the aquaculture industry
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.87,0:14:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to do the right thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.65,0:14:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So every time you order,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.72,0:14:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ask for detail
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.71,0:14:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and show that you really care\Nabout what you eat
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.22,0:14:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what's been given to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.100,0:14:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And eventually, they will listen.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.37,0:15:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all of us will benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.58,0:15:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.75,0:15:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)