Nuclear energy makes a difference | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador
-
0:09 - 0:11Nuclear energy makes a difference.
-
0:11 - 0:15And I'm here to tell you a little bit
about how I found that out. -
0:15 - 0:16I'm a nuclear engineer,
-
0:16 - 0:19graduated from the Federal University
of Rio de Janeiro. -
0:20 - 0:24As a child, I didn't picture myself
studying nuclear engineering. -
0:24 - 0:28Actually, this course didn't even exist
in Brazil at that time. -
0:29 - 0:32During high school, I took
a technical course in computer science. -
0:32 - 0:34I would go to the technical course
in the morning, -
0:34 - 0:37regular high school in the afternoon,
and English classes at night. -
0:37 - 0:40And to get the technical degree,
I had to do an internship, -
0:40 - 0:43and I ended up doing it
at a nuclear company. -
0:43 - 0:47I'd fix the employees' computers,
-
0:47 - 0:52and that would take me to their offices,
which were around the power plants. -
0:52 - 0:54I would go there,
look at the reactor building -
0:54 - 0:56and I'd have no clue of what was in there.
-
0:56 - 0:59I'd just imagine, with curiosity,
how all that worked. -
1:00 - 1:03At that time, I still didn't think
about going into this field, -
1:03 - 1:05but I already knew
I wanted to be an engineer -
1:05 - 1:10because I wanted to use calculus
and physics to solve problems. -
1:11 - 1:15When I was about to enter college,
the Federal University had just created -
1:15 - 1:17its undergraduate course
in nuclear engineering, -
1:17 - 1:19and, at the time of registration,
-
1:19 - 1:22I didn’t have much idea
of what that field was, -
1:23 - 1:25but I was still curious.
-
1:25 - 1:29During the first week of classes,
I fell in love with it. -
1:29 - 1:33Throughout the course,
I found out that radiation is used -
1:33 - 1:35for the diagnosis of diseases
-
1:35 - 1:37and for the treatment
of diseases like cancer; -
1:37 - 1:41that it's used for the sterilization
of medical equipment, like syringes; -
1:41 - 1:46that it's used to sterilize even
mosquitoes and eradicate diseases. -
1:46 - 1:49It's used in space applications.
-
1:49 - 1:51Curiosity, that robot on Mars,
-
1:51 - 1:53is powered by a nuclear battery.
-
1:54 - 1:59It can even be used to change
the color of a precious stone -
1:59 - 2:02or to help in the process
of restoring a painting. -
2:02 - 2:06And I finally discovered
what was inside that building -
2:06 - 2:09and how all that worked.
-
2:09 - 2:11And I'm going to talk to you
a little bit about that. -
2:11 - 2:13It seems like a lot,
-
2:13 - 2:15(Laughter)
-
2:15 - 2:16but it's quite simple.
-
2:16 - 2:19(Laughter)
-
2:19 - 2:25The process of producing energy
inside a reactor comes from fission: -
2:25 - 2:28a neutron hits a uranium atom,
-
2:28 - 2:31which splits up,
and in this division, this fission, -
2:31 - 2:36it produces two other parts,
from two to three neutrons, and energy; -
2:36 - 2:40and these two to three neutrons
split other uranium atoms, -
2:40 - 2:42and that's the chain reaction.
-
2:42 - 2:48This energy is used to heat
the water that's inside the reactor, -
2:48 - 2:50that red system.
-
2:50 - 2:54This water heats
the water in another system, -
2:54 - 2:57which then becomes steam,
makes the turbine spin, -
2:57 - 3:01and the generator transforms
this rotation of the turbine into energy -
3:01 - 3:05that's then distributed to houses.
-
3:05 - 3:10And the most important thing
I found out is that this energy is clean. -
3:10 - 3:15It's part of the solution
for climate change. -
3:16 - 3:19I know that this isn't the first thing
-
3:19 - 3:22that comes to your minds
when you think about nuclear energy. -
3:23 - 3:28But it should be, because this process
doesn't produce any greenhouse gases. -
3:29 - 3:30Nothing.
-
3:30 - 3:35All of us have been feeling
the climate changes. -
3:36 - 3:42Heat waves: in Rio de Janeiro, there have
been days with a heat sensation of 50º C. -
3:44 - 3:47Agencies and institutes have researched
-
3:47 - 3:52what we do to cause so much
release of greenhouse gases. -
3:52 - 3:58And one of the main reasons
is the use of fossil fuels, like coal. -
3:59 - 4:05Coal is still the most used
energy source in the world. -
4:06 - 4:09The world still burns a lot of coal
to produce energy. -
4:09 - 4:11During our water crisis,
-
4:11 - 4:15when our reservoirs
reached critical levels, -
4:16 - 4:21Brazil used its fossil fuel
thermal power plants in full power -
4:21 - 4:23to supply its energy needs.
-
4:24 - 4:28Aside from that, energy consumption
has a tendency to grow. -
4:29 - 4:33It's an indicator of the availability
of basic services in societies, -
4:33 - 4:37like the treatment of waste
and sewage, hospitals -- -
4:37 - 4:41That is, energy consumption
is directly associated -
4:41 - 4:43to a country's development index.
-
4:43 - 4:47And we're not likely to stop
charging our phones, -
4:47 - 4:50using microwaves, fridges, TVs,
-
4:50 - 4:53heaters, or air conditioning
as in the case of Rio de Janeiro. -
4:55 - 4:59So, what will the world do
when the need for more energy arises? -
4:59 - 5:01Burn more coal?
-
5:01 - 5:04The ideal solution
is to opt for clean energy, -
5:04 - 5:08which includes renewable
and nuclear sources. -
5:08 - 5:12I know that many might think
that, Brazil being a tropical country, -
5:12 - 5:14we could use only solar and wind power.
-
5:15 - 5:18And I think that they are
part of the solution too. -
5:19 - 5:23But these are two intermittent
sources of energy. -
5:23 - 5:26They rely on the climate to produce power.
-
5:26 - 5:30On a cloudy, rainy day, a solar plant
will not produce that much energy. -
5:31 - 5:34With a lot of wind, or a little wind,
-
5:34 - 5:39since wind power plants work
within a specific variation of wind; -
5:39 - 5:41if there's too much or too little,
-
5:41 - 5:44wind power plants won't produce
so much energy either. -
5:44 - 5:49But a nuclear plant will produce
24 hours per day, 7 days per week. -
5:49 - 5:51It's a reliable, basic energy,
-
5:51 - 5:55and you know exactly how much
it will produce, in how much time. -
5:55 - 5:58Besides that, it has…
-
6:01 - 6:05This is a graph
about greenhouse gas emissions -
6:05 - 6:08in the production
of different kinds of energy. -
6:08 - 6:12If you consider the whole cycle,
-
6:12 - 6:17the fuel fabrication,
its transportation in trucks, -
6:17 - 6:20the maintenance of diesel generators
in the nuclear plant, -
6:20 - 6:26then yes, you'll see a small production
of these greenhouse gases. -
6:26 - 6:30But compared to other sources,
according to research, -
6:30 - 6:33nuclear energy produces
even less than solar. -
6:34 - 6:37And it has a great energy density.
-
6:37 - 6:41A seven-gram uranium pellet produces
-
6:41 - 6:45the same amount of energy
as around 800 kg of coal. -
6:46 - 6:49A nuclear power plant occupies a space,
-
6:49 - 6:51on average, a hundred times less space
-
6:51 - 6:58than a solar power plant needs
-
6:58 - 7:02to produce the same amount of energy.
-
7:03 - 7:07Currently, nuclear power is responsible
-
7:07 - 7:11for ten percent of the world's
energy production. -
7:11 - 7:15And this number will grow,
because dozens of plants are being built. -
7:15 - 7:18More than 20 only in China.
-
7:18 - 7:21In France, more than
70 percent of its energy -
7:21 - 7:24comes from nuclear, over 50 plants.
-
7:24 - 7:27In the US there are "only" 99.
-
7:28 - 7:31In Brazil, we currently
have two in operation. -
7:33 - 7:37Nuclear energy annually
prevents the emission -
7:37 - 7:42of around 2 billion tons
of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. -
7:42 - 7:45Imagine if we replaced
-
7:46 - 7:50fossil fuel sources for nuclear.
-
7:51 - 7:54A research conducted by NASA
and Columbia University, -
7:54 - 7:57in New York, in 2013,
-
7:57 - 8:02concluded that the lives
of 1.8 million people -
8:02 - 8:04have been spared from death
caused by air pollution -
8:04 - 8:07due to the use of nuclear power.
-
8:08 - 8:10Nuclear energy saves lives.
-
8:11 - 8:14That was actually the title of my video
-
8:14 - 8:19when I applied, last year,
to the World Nuclear Olympiad. -
8:19 - 8:23In the video I chose to talk
about medical applications, -
8:23 - 8:27because my grandmother
was undergoing cancer treatment -
8:27 - 8:30and she was going through
those radiotherapy treatments. -
8:30 - 8:35But before talking about the Olympiad,
I want to tell you about how I got there. -
8:35 - 8:38I started my undergraduate
studies in 2011, -
8:38 - 8:43and in my class there were
around 25 students, only 3 girls. -
8:44 - 8:49Since the beginning of my studies,
I got involved in everything possible. -
8:49 - 8:50In the first week of classes,
-
8:50 - 8:54I went to talk to a professor,
to understand the field better, -
8:54 - 8:57and he offered me a position in his lab.
-
8:57 - 9:01And as soon as he could,
he offered me a research scholarship, -
9:01 - 9:07and I finally started using calculus
to research about nuclear reactors. -
9:07 - 9:12Also in the first year,
listening to a talk by a researcher -
9:12 - 9:17of a lab in the United States,
in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, -
9:17 - 9:21he offered to talk more
with the PhD students -
9:21 - 9:25to establish an agreement
and share research, -
9:25 - 9:28and I, at the height
of my first graduation period, -
9:28 - 9:30went to tell him I wanted in.
-
9:30 - 9:33After a lot of effort on my part,
and mainly on his part -
9:33 - 9:39to convince the people from the lab,
I got a two-month internship, -
9:39 - 9:42and it was my first trip abroad.
-
9:42 - 9:45During those two months,
I developed a software -
9:45 - 9:47using the knowledge acquired
in my technical training, -
9:47 - 9:50a graphic interface on a nuclear database
-
9:50 - 9:53that was submitted
and added to the database -
9:53 - 9:58of the Radiation Safety Information
Computational Center, in the USA. -
9:58 - 10:00(Applause)
-
10:02 - 10:04I participated in and organized
technical visits -
10:04 - 10:07that allowed me to finally enter
that reactor building -
10:07 - 10:11that seemed, at first,
so mysterious to me. -
10:11 - 10:15And in 2014, I took part
in the Science Without Borders program -
10:15 - 10:17and studied in the USA for a year,
-
10:17 - 10:20which was, by the way, a childhood dream.
-
10:20 - 10:24I had even considered going
to the United States as a babysitter -
10:24 - 10:28in order to achieve this dream,
but God knows best, -
10:28 - 10:31and when I managed to fulfill this dream,
it was in the best way possible. -
10:32 - 10:38Over that year, two of my colleagues and I
were able to do an internship -
10:38 - 10:41in one of the largest nuclear
companies in the world, -
10:41 - 10:43based in the United States,
-
10:43 - 10:46and I am currently an intern
in this company, in its Brazilian office, -
10:46 - 10:49and this week I was formally hired.
-
10:49 - 10:52(Applause)
-
10:54 - 10:57The Nuclear Olympiad happened in 2015.
-
10:59 - 11:03I submitted this video
on medical applications, -
11:03 - 11:09and one of the Olympiad stages
was to promote this informative video. -
11:09 - 11:13And it was incredible to notice
how people's perception changed -
11:13 - 11:16when they found out
the benefits of this application. -
11:16 - 11:21Throughout my experiences in college,
-
11:21 - 11:24I came to learn more and more,
and to notice the importance -
11:24 - 11:28of making the benefits
of this technology known to the public -
11:28 - 11:31and encouraging the expansion of its use.
-
11:32 - 11:38I took the responsibility
of talking about it. -
11:38 - 11:42The final stage of the Nuclear Olympiad
happened in Vienna, Austria. -
11:43 - 11:47I was the only finalist
representing the Americas -
11:47 - 11:49and the only woman.
-
11:49 - 11:51(Applause)
-
11:51 - 11:52And I won.
-
11:52 - 11:55(Applause) (Cheers)
-
11:57 - 12:00My biggest satisfaction, when I won,
-
12:00 - 12:05was seeing the benefits
of this application being widely promoted -
12:05 - 12:10and being able to prove that women do have
a place in engineering and in science. -
12:10 - 12:11(Applause)
-
12:15 - 12:18I took the responsibility of promoting
-
12:18 - 12:22and showing that we need
to take urgent action, -
12:22 - 12:26because the climate changes
we've been feeling are drastic. -
12:26 - 12:32We need to change the fossil fuels
that are being used, for clean energy, -
12:32 - 12:34and nuclear energy is clean,
-
12:34 - 12:38it is an energy of high density
-
12:39 - 12:41and it is safe.
-
12:43 - 12:47And, besides, I wanted to tell you
a little bit about my trajectory -
12:47 - 12:49because I believe that each one of us
-
12:49 - 12:54has the capacity to bring
positive changes to our society. -
12:54 - 12:57My wish and desire for each one of you
-
12:57 - 13:03is to have found, or find yourself
in your field of expertise, as I have. -
13:03 - 13:09And that, in this way,
you can help solve problems, -
13:09 - 13:11and seize the opportunities,
-
13:11 - 13:14not only the ones that appear,
-
13:14 - 13:18but create your own opportunities
for growing and learning. -
13:18 - 13:24And through this, you can bring about
positive changes to society, -
13:24 - 13:26to the world, to your community.
-
13:26 - 13:31Because, just as I believe
that nuclear energy makes a difference, -
13:31 - 13:34you and I also make a difference.
-
13:34 - 13:35Thank you.
-
13:35 - 13:38(Applause) (Cheers)
-
13:38 - 13:40Oh! I forgot!
-
13:40 - 13:43The picture of me receiving the award.
-
13:43 - 13:45(Applause)
- Title:
- Nuclear energy makes a difference | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador
- Description:
-
Alice is passionate about nuclear energy production, which produces no greenhouse gases and reduces the number of people who die due to air pollution. She is young and focused, and she talks about nuclear energy as she talks about banalities of life. And she sends a message, "Women do have a place in engineering and in science." She believes that each one of us has the capacity of bringing positive changes to our society.
Alice is a 25-year-old Nuclear Engineering student, winner of the Nuclear Olympiad in 2015, being the only woman at the finals. The Olympiad's theme was "Nuclear Techniques for Global Development" and her focus was on nuclear medicine. She graduated from the second class of Nuclear Engineering in Brazil, at UFRJ, being the founding member of the first student section of Nuclear Engineering of Latin America. She believes in the use of nuclear energy as part of the global warming solution. She also believes that education and information are essential for preventing and solving any problem.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- Portuguese, Brazilian
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 13:48
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
TED Translators admin edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Theresa Ranft approved English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador | ||
Maricene Crus accepted English subtitles for Energia nuclear faz a diferença | Alice Cunha | TEDxLaçador |