Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming
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0:01 - 0:04You probably don't know me,
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0:04 - 0:07but I am one of those .01 percenters
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0:07 - 0:09that you hear about and read about,
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0:09 - 0:13and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat.
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0:13 - 0:16And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly
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0:16 - 0:18to other plutocrats, to my people,
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0:18 - 0:21because it feels like it's time for us all
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0:21 - 0:23to have a chat.
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0:23 - 0:26Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud
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0:26 - 0:28and unapologetic capitalist.
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0:28 - 0:32I have founded, cofounded or funded
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0:32 - 0:35over 30 companies across a range of industries.
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0:35 - 0:39I was the first non-family investor in Amazon.com.
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0:39 - 0:42I cofounded a company called aQuantive
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0:42 - 0:45that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars.
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0:45 - 0:48My friends and I, we own a bank.
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0:48 - 0:51I tell you this — (Laughter) —
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0:51 - 0:52unbelievable, right?
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0:52 - 0:55I tell you this to show
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0:55 - 0:58that my life is like most plutocrats.
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0:58 - 1:01I have a broad perspective on capitalism
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1:01 - 1:03and business,
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1:03 - 1:07and I have been rewarded obscenely for that
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1:07 - 1:09with a life that most of you all
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1:09 - 1:11can't even imagine:
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1:11 - 1:14multiple homes, a yacht, my own plane,
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1:14 - 1:18etc., etc., etc.
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1:18 - 1:22But let's be honest: I am not the
smartest person you've ever met. -
1:22 - 1:24I am certainly not the hardest working.
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1:24 - 1:26I was a mediocre student.
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1:26 - 1:27I'm not technical at all.
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1:27 - 1:30I can't write a word of code.
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1:30 - 1:33Truly, my success is the consequence
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1:33 - 1:35of spectacular luck,
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1:35 - 1:40of birth, of circumstance and of timing.
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1:40 - 1:45But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.
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1:45 - 1:49One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,
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1:49 - 1:52and the other is I have a good sense,
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1:52 - 1:54a good intuition about what will happen in the future,
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1:54 - 1:58and I think that that intuition about the future
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1:58 - 2:01is the essence of good entrepreneurship.
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2:01 - 2:04So what do I see in our future today,
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2:04 - 2:06you ask?
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2:06 - 2:07I see pitchforks,
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2:07 - 2:12as in angry mobs with pitchforks,
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2:12 - 2:17because while people like us plutocrats
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2:17 - 2:21are living beyond the dreams of avarice,
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2:21 - 2:24the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens
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2:24 - 2:27are falling farther and farther behind.
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2:27 - 2:29In 1980, the top one percent of Americans
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2:29 - 2:32shared about eight percent of national [income],
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2:32 - 2:34while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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2:34 - 2:37shared 18 percent.
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2:37 - 2:40Thirty years later, today, the top one percent
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2:40 - 2:44shares over 20 percent of national [income],
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2:44 - 2:46while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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2:46 - 2:49share 12 or 13.
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2:49 - 2:51If the trend continues,
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2:51 - 2:52the top one percent will share
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2:52 - 2:55over 30 percent of national [income]
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2:55 - 2:57in another 30 years,
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2:57 - 2:59while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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2:59 - 3:01will share just six.
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3:01 - 3:03You see, the problem isn't that we have
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3:03 - 3:05some inequality.
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3:05 - 3:07Some inequality is necessary
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3:07 - 3:10for a high-functioning capitalist democracy.
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3:10 - 3:12The problem is that inequality
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3:12 - 3:16is at historic highs today
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3:16 - 3:19and it's getting worse every day.
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3:19 - 3:22And if wealth, power, and income
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3:22 - 3:23continue to concentrate
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3:23 - 3:26at the very tippy top,
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3:26 - 3:28our society will change
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3:28 - 3:29from a capitalist democracy
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3:29 - 3:33to a neo-feudalist rentier society
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3:33 - 3:35like 18th-century France.
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3:35 - 3:38That was France
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3:38 - 3:40before the revolution
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3:40 - 3:42and the mobs with the pitchforks.
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3:42 - 3:45So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats
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3:45 - 3:46and zillionaires
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3:46 - 3:48and for anyone who lives
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3:48 - 3:50in a gated bubble world:
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3:50 - 3:51Wake up.
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3:51 - 3:55Wake up. It cannot last.
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3:55 - 3:57Because if we do not do something
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3:57 - 4:01to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society,
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4:01 - 4:04the pitchforks will come for us,
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4:04 - 4:08for no free and open society can long sustain
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4:08 - 4:11this kind of rising economic inequality.
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4:11 - 4:14It has never happened. There are no examples.
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4:14 - 4:16You show me a highly unequal society,
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4:16 - 4:17and I will show you a police state
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4:17 - 4:19or an uprising.
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4:19 - 4:21The pitchforks will come for us
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4:21 - 4:23if we do not address this.
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4:23 - 4:27It's not a matter of if, it's when.
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4:27 - 4:31And it will be terrible when they come
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4:31 - 4:32for everyone,
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4:32 - 4:37but particularly for people like us plutocrats.
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4:37 - 4:41I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.
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4:41 - 4:43I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument
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4:43 - 4:46that economic inequality is wrong.
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4:46 - 4:50What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality
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4:50 - 4:54is stupid and ultimately self-defeating.
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4:54 - 4:57Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks
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4:57 - 4:59from pitchforks,
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4:59 - 5:04but it's also terrible for business too.
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5:04 - 5:07So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.
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5:07 - 5:11When Ford famously introduced the $5 day,
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5:11 - 5:14which was twice the prevailing wage at the time,
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5:14 - 5:16he didn't just increase the productivity
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5:16 - 5:18of his factories,
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5:18 - 5:22he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor
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5:22 - 5:24into a thriving middle class who could now afford
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5:24 - 5:28to buy the products that they made.
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5:28 - 5:32Ford intuited what we now know is true,
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5:32 - 5:36that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem
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5:36 - 5:38and characterized by the same kinds
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5:38 - 5:40of feedback loops you find
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5:40 - 5:42in a natural ecosystem,
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5:42 - 5:46a feedback loop between customers and businesses.
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5:46 - 5:49Raising wages increases demand,
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5:49 - 5:51which increases hiring,
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5:51 - 5:53which in turn increases wages
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5:53 - 5:56and demand and profits,
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5:56 - 6:01and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity
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6:01 - 6:03is precisely what is missing
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6:03 - 6:08from today's economic recovery.
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6:08 - 6:13And this is why we need to put behind us
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6:13 - 6:16the trickle-down policies that so dominate
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6:16 - 6:18both political parties
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6:18 - 6:21and embrace something I call middle-out economics.
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6:21 - 6:24Middle-out economics rejects
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6:24 - 6:26the neoclassical economic idea
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6:26 - 6:30that economies are efficient, linear, mechanistic,
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6:30 - 6:34that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness,
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6:34 - 6:37and instead embraces the 21st-century idea
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6:37 - 6:41that economies are complex, adaptive,
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6:41 - 6:43ecosystemic,
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6:43 - 6:46that they tend away from
equilibrium and toward inequality, -
6:46 - 6:48that they're not efficient at all
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6:48 - 6:51but are effective if well managed.
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6:51 - 6:54This 21st-century perspective
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6:54 - 6:57allows you to clearly see that capitalism
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6:57 - 7:00does not work by [efficiently] allocating
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7:00 - 7:03existing resources.
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7:03 - 7:09It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions
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7:09 - 7:10to human problems.
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7:10 - 7:12The genius of capitalism
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7:12 - 7:17is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.
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7:17 - 7:23It rewards people for solving
other people's problems. -
7:23 - 7:26The difference between a poor society
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7:26 - 7:28and a rich society, obviously,
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7:28 - 7:31is the degree to which that society
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7:31 - 7:33has generated solutions in the form
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7:33 - 7:36of products for its citizens.
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7:36 - 7:38The sum of the solutions
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7:38 - 7:40that we have in our society
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7:40 - 7:42really is our prosperity, and this explains
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7:42 - 7:45why companies like Google and Amazon
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7:45 - 7:47and Microsoft and Apple
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7:47 - 7:50and the entrepreneurs who created those companies
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7:50 - 7:53have contributed so much
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7:53 - 7:56to our nation's prosperity.
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7:56 - 7:59This 21st-century perspective
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7:59 - 8:02also makes clear
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8:02 - 8:04that what we think of as economic growth
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8:04 - 8:06is best understood as
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8:06 - 8:08the rate at which we solve problems.
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8:08 - 8:12But that rate is totally dependent upon
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8:12 - 8:15how many problem solvers —
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8:15 - 8:18diverse, able problem solvers — we have,
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8:18 - 8:21and thus how many of our fellow citizens
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8:21 - 8:23actively participate,
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8:23 - 8:27both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,
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8:27 - 8:30and as customers who consume them.
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8:30 - 8:34But this maximizing participation thing
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8:34 - 8:36doesn't happen by accident.
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8:36 - 8:38It doesn't happen by itself.
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8:38 - 8:42It requires effort and investment,
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8:42 - 8:44which is why all
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8:44 - 8:47highly prosperous capitalist democracies
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8:47 - 8:50are characterized by massive investments
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8:50 - 8:52in the middle class and the infrastructure
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8:52 - 8:55that they depend on.
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8:55 - 8:57We plutocrats need to get this
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8:57 - 9:00trickle-down economics thing behind us,
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9:00 - 9:02this idea that the better we do,
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9:02 - 9:05the better everyone else will do.
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9:05 - 9:09It's not true. How could it be?
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9:09 - 9:13I earn 1,000 times the median wage,
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9:13 - 9:16but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff,
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9:16 - 9:17do I?
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9:17 - 9:20I actually bought two pairs of these pants,
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9:20 - 9:22what my partner Mike calls
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9:22 - 9:24my manager pants.
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9:24 - 9:27I could have bought 2,000 pairs,
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9:27 - 9:30but what would I do with them? (Laughter)
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9:30 - 9:33How many haircuts can I get?
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9:33 - 9:36How often can I go out to dinner?
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9:36 - 9:40No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,
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9:40 - 9:44we can never drive a great national economy.
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9:44 - 9:50Only a thriving middle class can do that.
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9:50 - 9:51There's nothing to be done,
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9:51 - 9:56my plutocrat friends might say.
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9:56 - 9:59Henry Ford was in a different time.
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9:59 - 10:01Maybe we can't do some things.
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10:01 - 10:04Maybe we can do some things.
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10:04 - 10:08June 19, 2013,
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10:08 - 10:11Bloomberg published an article I wrote called
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10:11 - 10:16"The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage."
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10:16 - 10:19The good people at Forbes magazine,
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10:19 - 10:21among my biggest admirers,
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10:21 - 10:26called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal."
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10:26 - 10:29And yet, just 350 days
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10:29 - 10:32after that article was published,
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10:32 - 10:35Seattle's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law
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10:35 - 10:39an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle
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10:39 - 10:40to 15 dollars an hour,
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10:40 - 10:42more than double
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10:42 - 10:46what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is.
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10:46 - 10:48How did this happen,
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10:48 - 10:50reasonable people might ask.
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10:50 - 10:52It happened because a group of us
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10:52 - 10:53reminded the middle class
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10:53 - 10:55that they are the source
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10:55 - 10:59of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies.
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10:59 - 11:02We reminded them that when
workers have more money, -
11:02 - 11:04businesses have more customers,
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11:04 - 11:06and need more employees.
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11:06 - 11:08We reminded them that when businesses
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11:08 - 11:11pay workers a living wage,
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11:11 - 11:13taxpayers are relieved of the burden
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11:13 - 11:15of funding the poverty programs
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11:15 - 11:18like food stamps and medical assistance
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11:18 - 11:19and rent assistance
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11:19 - 11:22that those workers need.
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11:22 - 11:25We reminded them that low-wage workers
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11:25 - 11:27make terrible taxpayers,
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11:27 - 11:29and that when you raise the minimum wage
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11:29 - 11:31for all businesses,
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11:31 - 11:33all businesses benefit
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11:33 - 11:36yet all can compete.
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11:36 - 11:37Now the orthodox reaction, of course,
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11:37 - 11:41is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right?
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11:41 - 11:44Your politician's always echoing
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11:44 - 11:47that trickle-down idea by saying things like,
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11:47 - 11:49"Well, if you raise the price of employment,
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11:49 - 11:52guess what happens? You get less of it."
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11:52 - 11:54Are you sure?
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11:54 - 11:58Because there's some contravening evidence.
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11:58 - 12:03Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country
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12:03 - 12:05have gone from about 30 times the median wage
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12:05 - 12:07to 500 times.
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12:07 - 12:10That's raising the price of employment.
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12:10 - 12:13And yet, to my knowledge,
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12:13 - 12:15I have never seen a company
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12:15 - 12:19outsource its CEO's job, automate their job,
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12:19 - 12:21export the job to China.
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12:21 - 12:23In fact, we appear to be employing
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12:23 - 12:27more CEOs and senior managers than ever before.
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12:27 - 12:31So too for technology workers
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12:31 - 12:33and financial services workers,
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12:33 - 12:35who earn multiples of the median wage
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12:35 - 12:37and yet we employ more and more of them,
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12:37 - 12:42so clearly you can raise the price of employment
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12:42 - 12:44and get more of it.
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12:44 - 12:47I know that most people
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12:47 - 12:48think that the $15 minimum wage
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12:48 - 12:52is this insane, risky economic experiment.
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12:52 - 12:54We disagree.
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12:54 - 12:57We believe that the $15 minimum wage
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12:57 - 12:58in Seattle
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12:58 - 13:00is actually the continuation
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13:00 - 13:03of a logical economic policy.
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13:03 - 13:04It is allowing our city
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13:04 - 13:07to kick your city's ass.
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13:07 - 13:09Because, you see,
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13:09 - 13:11Washington state already has
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13:11 - 13:12the highest minimum wage
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13:12 - 13:14of any state in the nation.
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13:14 - 13:16We pay all workers $9.32,
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13:16 - 13:18which is almost 30 percent more
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13:18 - 13:21than the federal minimum of 7.25,
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13:21 - 13:24but crucially, 427 percent more
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13:24 - 13:28than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13.
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13:28 - 13:31If trickle-down thinkers were right,
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13:31 - 13:34then Washington state should
have massive unemployment. -
13:34 - 13:36Seattle should be sliding into the ocean.
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13:36 - 13:40And yet, Seattle
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13:40 - 13:43is the fastest-growing big city in the country.
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13:43 - 13:48Washington state is generating small business jobs
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13:48 - 13:50at a higher rate than any other major state
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13:50 - 13:52in the nation.
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13:52 - 13:56The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming.
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13:56 - 14:00Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is,
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14:00 - 14:02when workers have more money,
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14:02 - 14:03businesses have more customers
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14:03 - 14:06and need more workers.
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14:06 - 14:09When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough
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14:09 - 14:12so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants,
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14:12 - 14:15that's not bad for the restaurant business.
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14:15 - 14:17That's good for it,
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14:17 - 14:21despite what some restaurateurs may tell you.
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14:21 - 14:23Is it more complicated than I'm making out?
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14:23 - 14:24Of course it is.
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14:24 - 14:26There are a lot of dynamics at play.
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14:26 - 14:29But can we please stop insisting
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14:29 - 14:31that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more,
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14:31 - 14:33unemployment will skyrocket
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14:33 - 14:34and the economy will collapse?
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14:34 - 14:37There is no evidence for it.
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14:37 - 14:38The most insidious thing
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14:38 - 14:40about trickle-down economics
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14:40 - 14:42is not the claim that if the rich get richer,
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14:42 - 14:44everyone is better off.
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14:44 - 14:47It is the claim made by those who oppose
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14:47 - 14:49any increase in the minimum wage
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14:49 - 14:51that if the poor get richer,
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14:51 - 14:53that will be bad for the economy.
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14:53 - 14:55This is nonsense.
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14:55 - 14:59So can we please dispense with this rhetoric
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14:59 - 15:01that says that rich guys like me
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15:01 - 15:04and my plutocrat friends
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15:04 - 15:06made our country?
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15:06 - 15:08We plutocrats know,
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15:08 - 15:10even if we don't like to admit it in public,
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15:10 - 15:13that if we had been born somewhere else,
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15:13 - 15:15not here in the United States,
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15:15 - 15:18we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot
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15:18 - 15:21by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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15:21 - 15:23It's not that they don't have good
entrepreneurs in other places, -
15:23 - 15:25even very, very poor places.
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15:25 - 15:27It's just that that's all
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15:27 - 15:31that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford.
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15:31 - 15:36So here's an idea for a new kind of economics,
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15:36 - 15:37a new kind of politics
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15:37 - 15:40that I call new capitalism.
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15:40 - 15:43Let's acknowledge that capitalism
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15:43 - 15:45beats the alternatives,
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15:45 - 15:49but also that the more people we include,
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15:49 - 15:52both as entrepreneurs and as customers,
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15:52 - 15:54the better it works.
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15:54 - 15:58Let's by all means shrink the size of government,
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15:58 - 16:01but not by slashing the poverty programs,
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16:01 - 16:03but by ensuring that workers are paid enough
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16:03 - 16:06so that they actually don't need those programs.
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16:06 - 16:09Let's invest enough in the middle class
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16:09 - 16:12to make our economy fairer and more inclusive,
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16:12 - 16:16and by fairer, more truly competitive,
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16:16 - 16:18and by more truly competitive,
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16:18 - 16:21more able to generate the solutions
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16:21 - 16:22to human problems
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16:22 - 16:28that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity.
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16:28 - 16:31Capitalism is the greatest social technology
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16:31 - 16:33ever invented
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16:33 - 16:35for creating prosperity in human societies,
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16:35 - 16:37if it is well managed,
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16:37 - 16:40but capitalism, because of the fundamental
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16:40 - 16:43multiplicative dynamics of complex systems,
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16:43 - 16:47tends towards, inexorably, inequality,
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16:47 - 16:51concentration and collapse.
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16:51 - 16:54The work of democracies
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16:54 - 16:58is to maximize the inclusion of the many
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16:58 - 17:01in order to create prosperity,
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17:01 - 17:05not to enable the few to accumulate money.
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17:05 - 17:08Government does create prosperity and growth,
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17:08 - 17:11by creating the conditions that allow
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17:11 - 17:14both entrepreneurs and their customers
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17:14 - 17:16to thrive.
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17:16 - 17:19Balancing the power of capitalists like me
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17:19 - 17:22and workers isn't bad for capitalism.
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17:22 - 17:24It's essential to it.
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17:24 - 17:27Programs like a reasonable minimum wage,
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17:27 - 17:29affordable healthcare,
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17:29 - 17:30paid sick leave,
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17:30 - 17:34and the progressive taxation necessary
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17:34 - 17:36to pay for the important infrastructure
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17:36 - 17:40necessary for the middle class like education, R and D,
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17:40 - 17:42these are indispensable tools
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17:42 - 17:44shrewd capitalists should embrace
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17:44 - 17:48to drive growth, because no one benefits from it
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17:48 - 17:50like us.
-
17:50 - 17:52Many economists would have you believe
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17:52 - 17:55that their field is an objective science.
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17:55 - 17:58I disagree, and I think that it is equally
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17:58 - 18:00a tool that humans use
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18:00 - 18:02to enforce and encode
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18:02 - 18:06our social and moral preferences and prejudices
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18:06 - 18:10about status and power,
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18:10 - 18:12which is why plutocrats like me
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18:12 - 18:16have always needed to find persuasive stories
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18:16 - 18:18to tell everyone else
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18:18 - 18:22about why our relative positions
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18:22 - 18:26are morally righteous and good for everyone:
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18:26 - 18:30like, we are indispensable, the job creators,
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18:30 - 18:33and you are not;
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18:33 - 18:36like, tax cuts for us create growth,
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18:36 - 18:38but investments in you
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18:38 - 18:40will balloon our debt
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18:40 - 18:42and bankrupt our great country;
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18:42 - 18:44that we matter;
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18:44 - 18:46that you don't.
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18:46 - 18:49For thousands of years, these stories were called
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18:49 - 18:50divine right.
-
18:50 - 18:55Today, we have trickle-down economics.
-
18:55 - 18:59How obviously, transparently self-serving
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18:59 - 19:00all of this is.
-
19:00 - 19:03We plutocrats need to see
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19:03 - 19:05that the United States of America made us,
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19:05 - 19:07not the other way around;
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19:07 - 19:10that a thriving middle class is the source
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19:10 - 19:12of prosperity in capitalist economies,
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19:12 - 19:15not a consequence of it.
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19:15 - 19:17And we should never forget
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19:17 - 19:21that even the best of us in
the worst of circumstances -
19:21 - 19:27are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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19:27 - 19:29Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us
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19:29 - 19:32to recommit to our country,
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19:32 - 19:34to commit to a new kind of capitalism
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19:34 - 19:39which is both more inclusive and more effective,
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19:39 - 19:41a capitalism that will ensure
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19:41 - 19:44that America's economy remains
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19:44 - 19:47the most dynamic and prosperous in the world.
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19:47 - 19:49Let's secure the future for ourselves,
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19:49 - 19:52our children and their children.
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19:52 - 19:55Or alternatively, we could do nothing,
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19:55 - 19:57hide in our gated communities
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19:57 - 20:00and private schools,
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20:00 - 20:02enjoy our planes and yachts
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20:02 - 20:04— they're fun —
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20:04 - 20:06and wait for the pitchforks.
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20:06 - 20:08Thank you.
-
20:08 - 20:09(Applause)
- Title:
- Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming
- Speaker:
- Nick Hanauer
- Description:
-
Nick Hanauer is a rich guy, an unrepentant capitalist — and he has something to say to his fellow plutocrats: Wake up! Growing inequality is about to push our societies into conditions resembling pre-revolutionary France. Hear his argument about why a dramatic increase in minimum wage could grow the middle class, deliver economic prosperity ... and prevent a revolution.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 20:26
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming | ||
Madeleine Aronson accepted English subtitles for Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming |