How to control someone else's arm with your brain
-
0:02 - 0:05The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
-
0:06 - 0:08And while many people
are fascinated by the brain, -
0:08 - 0:10they can't really tell you that much
-
0:10 - 0:12about the properties
about how the brain works -
0:12 - 0:14because we don't teach
neuroscience in schools. -
0:14 - 0:17And one of the reasons
why is that the equipment -
0:17 - 0:20is so complex and so expensive
-
0:20 - 0:24that it's really only done at major
universities and large institutions. -
0:24 - 0:26And so in order to be able
to access the brain, -
0:26 - 0:28you really need to dedicate your life
-
0:28 - 0:30and spend six and a half years
as a graduate student -
0:30 - 0:33just to become a neuroscientist
to get access to these tools. -
0:33 - 0:36And that's a shame
because one out of five of us, -
0:36 - 0:39that's 20 percent of the entire world,
will have a neurological disorder. -
0:39 - 0:43And there are zero cures
for these diseases. -
0:43 - 0:45And so it seems that
what we should be doing -
0:45 - 0:47is reaching back earlier
in the eduction process -
0:47 - 0:52and teaching students about neuroscience
so that in the future, -
0:52 - 0:56they may be thinking about possibly
becoming a brain scientist. -
0:56 - 1:00When I was a graduate student,
my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself, -
1:00 - 1:04decided that what if we took
this complex equipment that we have -
1:04 - 1:07for studying the brain and made it simple
enough and affordable enough -
1:07 - 1:10that anyone that you know, an amateur
or a high school student, -
1:10 - 1:14could learn and actually participate
in the discovery of neuroscience. -
1:14 - 1:16And so we did just that.
-
1:16 - 1:18A few years ago, we started
a company called Backyard Brains -
1:18 - 1:23and we make DIY neuroscience equipment
and I brought some here tonight, -
1:23 - 1:25and I want to do some demonstrations.
-
1:25 - 1:27You guys want to see some?
-
1:27 - 1:30So I need a volunteer.
-
1:30 - 1:32So right before -- what is your name?
(Applause) -
1:32 - 1:33Sam Kelly: Sam.
-
1:33 - 1:36Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going
to record from your brain. -
1:36 - 1:38Have you had this before?
-
1:38 - 1:39SK: No.
-
1:39 - 1:41GG: I need you to stick out
your arm for science, -
1:41 - 1:43roll up your sleeve a bit,
-
1:43 - 1:46So what I'm going to do,
I'm putting electrodes on your arm, -
1:46 - 1:47and you're probably wondering,
-
1:47 - 1:51I just said I'm going to record from your
brain, what am I doing with your arm? -
1:51 - 1:54Well, you have about 80 billion neurons
inside your brain right now. -
1:54 - 1:58They're sending electrical messages
back and forth, and chemical messages. -
1:58 - 2:00But some of your neurons
right here in your motor cortex -
2:00 - 2:03are going to send messages down
when you move your arm like this. -
2:03 - 2:06They're going to go down
across your corpus callosum, -
2:06 - 2:08down onto your spinal cord
to your lower motor neuron -
2:08 - 2:10out to your muscles here,
-
2:10 - 2:12and that electrical discharge
is going to be picked up -
2:12 - 2:14by these electrodes right here
-
2:14 - 2:16and we're going to be able to listen
-
2:16 - 2:18to exactly what your brain
is going to be doing. -
2:18 - 2:20So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
-
2:20 - 2:22Have you ever heard
what your brain sounds like? -
2:22 - 2:23SK: No.
-
2:23 - 2:26GG: Let's try it out.
So go ahead and squeeze your hand. -
2:26 - 2:27(Rumbling)
-
2:27 - 2:29So what you're listening to,
-
2:29 - 2:32so this is your motor units
happening right here. -
2:32 - 2:34Let's take a look at it as well.
-
2:34 - 2:37So I'm going to stand over here,
-
2:37 - 2:39and I'm going to open up our app here.
-
2:40 - 2:42So now I want you to squeeze.
-
2:42 - 2:43(Rumbling)
-
2:43 - 2:46So right here, these are the motor units
that are happening -
2:46 - 2:48from her spinal cord
out to her muscle right here, -
2:48 - 2:49and as she's doing it,
-
2:49 - 2:52you're seeing the electrical activity
that's happening here. -
2:52 - 2:55You can even click here
and try to see one of them. -
2:55 - 2:56So keep doing it really hard.
-
2:56 - 2:57So now we've paused
-
2:57 - 3:01on one motor action potential that's
happening right now inside of your brain. -
3:01 - 3:03Do you guys want to see some more?
-
3:03 - 3:05(Applause)
-
3:05 - 3:07That's interesting,
but let's get it better. -
3:07 - 3:08I need one more volunteer.
-
3:10 - 3:11What is your name, sir?
-
3:12 - 3:13Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
-
3:13 - 3:14GG: Miguel, all right.
-
3:14 - 3:16You're going to stand right here.
-
3:16 - 3:18So when you're moving your arm like this,
-
3:18 - 3:21your brain is sending a signal
down to your muscles right here. -
3:21 - 3:23I want you to move your arm as well.
-
3:23 - 3:26So your brain is going to send
a signal down to your muscles. -
3:26 - 3:30And so it turns out that there is
a nerve that's right here -
3:30 - 3:32that runs up here that innervates
these three fingers, -
3:32 - 3:35and it's close enough to the skin
that we might be able -
3:35 - 3:37to stimulate that so that what we can do
-
3:37 - 3:41is copy your brain signals
going out to your hand -
3:41 - 3:42and inject it into your hand,
-
3:42 - 3:46so that your hand will move
when your brain tells your hand to move. -
3:46 - 3:49So in a sense, she will take away
your free will -
3:49 - 3:52and you will no longer have
any control over this hand. -
3:52 - 3:54You with me?
-
3:54 - 3:56So I just need to hook you up.
-
3:56 - 3:57(Laughter)
-
3:57 - 3:59So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
-
3:59 - 4:01which is probably right around here.
-
4:03 - 4:05You don't know what you're signing up for
-
4:05 - 4:06when you come up.
-
4:06 - 4:08So now I'm going to move away
and we're going to plug it in -
4:09 - 4:11to our human-to-human interface over here.
-
4:12 - 4:15Okay, so Sam, I want you
to squeeze your hand again. -
4:17 - 4:19Do it again. Perfect.
-
4:19 - 4:22So now I'm going to hook you up
over here so that you get the -- -
4:22 - 4:24It's going to feel
a little bit weird at first, -
4:24 - 4:27this is going to feel like a --
(Laughter) -
4:27 - 4:31You know, when you lose your free will,
and someone else becomes your agent, -
4:31 - 4:32it does feel a bit strange.
-
4:32 - 4:34Now I want you to relax your hand.
-
4:34 - 4:36Sam, you're with me?
-
4:36 - 4:37So you're going to squeeze.
-
4:37 - 4:40I'm not going to turn it on yet,
so go ahead and give it a squeeze. -
4:40 - 4:42So now, are you ready, Miguel?
-
4:42 - 4:44MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
-
4:44 - 4:47GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead
and turn your hand. -
4:47 - 4:49Do you feel that a little bit?
MG: Nope. -
4:49 - 4:51GG: Okay, do it again?
MG: A little bit. -
4:51 - 4:53GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
-
4:53 - 4:54So relax.
-
4:54 - 4:55So hit it again.
-
4:55 - 4:57(Laughter)
-
4:57 - 4:58Oh, perfect, perfect.
-
4:58 - 5:00So relax, do it again.
-
5:00 - 5:03All right, so right now,
-
5:03 - 5:07your brain is controlling your arm
and it's also controlling his arm, -
5:07 - 5:09so go ahead and just do it one more time.
-
5:09 - 5:12All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
-
5:12 - 5:15So now, what would happen
if I took over my control of your hand? -
5:15 - 5:18And so, just relax your hand.
-
5:18 - 5:20What happens?
-
5:20 - 5:21Ah, nothing.
-
5:21 - 5:22Why not?
-
5:22 - 5:24Because the brain has to do it.
-
5:24 - 5:25So you do it again.
-
5:25 - 5:28All right, that's perfect.
-
5:28 - 5:30Thank you guys for being
such a good sport. -
5:30 - 5:33This is what's happening
all across the world -- -
5:33 - 5:34electrophysiology!
-
5:34 - 5:36We're going to bring on
the neuro-revolution. -
5:36 - 5:37Thank you.
-
5:37 - 5:39(Applause)
- Title:
- How to control someone else's arm with your brain
- Speaker:
- Greg Gage
- Description:
-
Greg Gage is on a mission to make brain science accessible to all. In this fun, kind of creepy demo, the neuroscientist and TED Senior Fellow uses a simple, inexpensive DIY kit to take away the free will of an audience member. It’s not a parlor trick; it actually works. You have to see it to believe it.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 05:52
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for How to control someone else's arm with your brain |