A science award that makes you laugh, then think
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0:05 - 0:08George and Charlotte Blonsky, who were
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0:08 - 0:12a married couple living in
the Bronx in New York City, -
0:12 - 0:13invented something.
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0:13 - 0:17They got a patent in
1965 for what they call, -
0:17 - 0:23"a device to assist women in giving birth."
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0:23 - 0:26This device consists of a large, round table
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0:26 - 0:28and some machinery.
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0:28 - 0:31When the woman is ready to deliver her child,
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0:31 - 0:33she lies on her back,
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0:33 - 0:35she is strapped down to the table,
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0:35 - 0:38and the table is rotated at high speed.
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0:38 - 0:42The child comes flying out
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0:42 - 0:49through centrifugal force.
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0:50 - 0:54If you look at their patent carefully,
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0:54 - 0:58especially if you have any
engineering background or talent, -
0:58 - 1:00you may decide that you see
-
1:00 - 1:06one or two points where the design is
not perfectly adequate. (Laughter) -
1:06 - 1:09Doctor Ivan Schwab in California
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1:09 - 1:11is one of the people,
one of the main people, -
1:11 - 1:13who helped answer the question,
-
1:13 - 1:18"Why don't woodpeckers get headaches?"
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1:18 - 1:19And it turns out the answer to that
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1:19 - 1:22is because their brains
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1:22 - 1:23are packaged inside their skulls
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1:23 - 1:26in a way different from the way
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1:26 - 1:28our brains, we being human beings,
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1:28 - 1:32true, have our brains packaged.
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1:32 - 1:35They, the woodpeckers, typically
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1:35 - 1:37will peck, they will bang their head
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1:37 - 1:42on a piece of wood thousands
of times every day. Every day! -
1:42 - 1:44And as far as anyone knows,
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1:44 - 1:45that doesn't bother them in the slightest.
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1:45 - 1:48How does this happen?
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1:48 - 1:51Their brain does not slosh around like ours does.
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1:51 - 1:53Their brain is packed in very tightly,
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1:53 - 1:56at least for blows coming
right from the front. -
1:56 - 1:58Not too many people paid attention
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1:58 - 2:01to this research until
the last few years -
2:01 - 2:04when, in this country especially,
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2:04 - 2:05people are becoming curious about
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2:05 - 2:07what happens to the brains
of football players -
2:07 - 2:10who bang their heads repeatedly.
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2:10 - 2:15And the woodpecker maybe relates to that.
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2:15 - 2:17There was a paper published
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2:17 - 2:19in the medical journal The Lancet
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2:19 - 2:20in England a few years ago called
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2:20 - 2:28" A man who pricked his finger
and smelled putrid for 5 years." -
2:28 - 2:30Dr. Caroline Mills and her team
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2:30 - 2:34received this patient and didn't
really know what to do about it. -
2:34 - 2:36The man had cut his finger,
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2:36 - 2:39he worked processing chickens,
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2:39 - 2:42and then he started to
smell really, really bad. -
2:42 - 2:43So bad that when
he got in a room -
2:43 - 2:44with the doctors and the nurses,
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2:44 - 2:47they couldn't stand being
in the room with him. -
2:47 - 2:49It was intolerable.
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2:49 - 2:50They tried every drug,
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2:50 - 2:52every other treatment
they could think of. -
2:52 - 2:54After a year, he still
smelled putrid. -
2:54 - 2:56After two years, still smelled putrid.
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2:56 - 2:59Three years, four years,
still smelled putrid. -
2:59 - 3:02After five years, it went away on its own.
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3:02 - 3:06It's a mystery.
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3:06 - 3:08In New Zealand, Dr. Lianne Parkin
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3:08 - 3:14and her team tested an old
tradition in her city. -
3:14 - 3:17They live in a city that has huge hills,
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3:17 - 3:18San Francisco-grade hills.
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3:18 - 3:20And in the winter there,
it gets very cold -
3:20 - 3:22and very icy.
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3:22 - 3:23There are lots of injuries.
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3:23 - 3:25The tradition that they tested,
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3:25 - 3:27they tested by asking people
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3:27 - 3:29who were on their way to
work in the morning, -
3:29 - 3:31to stop and try something out.
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3:31 - 3:33Try one of two conditions.
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3:33 - 3:36The tradition is that in the winter,
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3:36 - 3:41in that city, you wear your socks
on the outside of your boots. -
3:41 - 3:44And what they discovered by experiment,
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3:44 - 3:46and it was quite graphic when they saw it,
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3:46 - 3:48was that it's true.
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3:48 - 3:51That if you wear your socks on the
outside rather than the inside, -
3:51 - 3:57you're much more likely
to survive and not slip and fall. -
3:57 - 4:02Now, I hope you will agree
with me that these things -
4:02 - 4:04I've just described to you,
-
4:04 - 4:10each of them, deserves some kind of prize.
(Laughter) -
4:10 - 4:12And that's what they got,
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4:12 - 4:15each of them got an Ig Nobel prize.
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4:15 - 4:19In 1991, I, together with bunch of other people,
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4:19 - 4:22started the Ig Nobel prize ceremony.
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4:22 - 4:25Every year we give out 10 prizes.
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4:25 - 4:32The prizes are based on just
one criteria. It's very simple. -
4:32 - 4:38It's that you've done something that
makes people laugh and then think. -
4:38 - 4:42What you've done makes
people laugh and then think. -
4:42 - 4:44
Whatever it is, there's something about it -
4:44 - 4:47
that when people encounter it at first, -
4:47 - 4:50their only possible reaction is to laugh.
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4:50 - 4:52And then a week later,
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4:52 - 4:54it's still rattling around in their heads
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4:54 - 4:56and all they want to do
is tell their friends about it. -
4:56 - 4:58That's the quality we look for.
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4:58 - 5:01Every year, we get in the neighborhood
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5:01 - 5:06of 9,000 new nominations
for the Ig Nobel prize. -
5:06 - 5:09Of those, consistently between 10 percent
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5:09 - 5:11and 20 percent of those nominations
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5:11 - 5:15are people who nominate themselves.
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5:15 - 5:19Those self-nominees almost never win.
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5:19 - 5:23It's very difficult, numerically,
to win a prize if you want to. -
5:23 - 5:25Even if you don't want to,
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5:25 - 5:28it's very difficult numerically.
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5:28 - 5:31You should know that when
we choose somebody -
5:31 - 5:33to win an Ig Nobel prize,
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5:33 - 5:36We get in touch with that person, very quietly.
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5:36 - 5:39We offer them the chance to decline
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5:39 - 5:42this great honor if they want to.
-
5:42 - 5:46Happily for us, almost everyone
who's offered a prize -
5:46 - 5:49decides to accept.
-
5:49 - 5:52What do you get if you
win an Ig Nobel prize? -
5:52 - 5:54Well, you get several things.
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5:54 - 5:57You get an Ig Nobel prize.
-
5:57 - 5:59The design is different every year.
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5:59 - 6:04These are always handmade
from extremely cheap materials. -
6:04 - 6:06You're looking at a picture
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6:06 - 6:10of the prize we gave last year, 2013.
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6:10 - 6:12Most prizes in the world also give
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6:12 - 6:17their winners some cash, some money.
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6:17 - 6:18We don't have any money,
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6:18 - 6:19so we can't give them.
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6:19 - 6:22In fact, the winners have to
pay their own way -
6:22 - 6:25to come to the Ig Nobel ceremony,
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6:25 - 6:27which most of them do.
-
6:27 - 6:30Last year, though, we did manage
to scrape up some money. -
6:30 - 6:34Last year, each of the 10
Ig Nobel prize winners -
6:34 - 6:40received from us 10 trillion dollars.
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6:40 - 6:45A $10 trillion bill from Zimbabwe. (Laughter)
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6:45 - 6:48You may remember that
Zimbabwe had a little adventure -
6:48 - 6:51for a few years there of inflation.
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6:51 - 6:53They ended up printing bills
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6:53 - 6:56that were in denominations as
large as 100 trillion dollars. -
6:56 - 6:59The man responsible, who runs
the national bank there, by the way, -
6:59 - 7:02won an Ig Nobel prize in mathematics.
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7:02 - 7:04The other thing you win is an invitation
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7:04 - 7:05to come to the ceremony,
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7:05 - 7:07which happens at Harvard University.
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7:07 - 7:08And when you get there,
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7:08 - 7:11you come to Harvard's biggest
meeting place and classroom. -
7:11 - 7:12It fits 1,100 people,
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7:12 - 7:13it's jammed to the gills,
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7:13 - 7:14and up on the stage,
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7:14 - 7:16waiting to shake your hand,
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7:16 - 7:18waiting to hand you your Ig Nobel prize,
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7:18 - 7:21are a bunch of Nobel prize winners.
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7:21 - 7:22That's the heart of the ceremony.
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7:22 - 7:24The winners are kept secret until that moment,
-
7:24 - 7:27even the Nobel laureates
who will shake their hand -
7:27 - 7:30don't know who they are
until they're announced. -
7:30 - 7:33I am going to tell you
about just a very few -
7:33 - 7:36of the other medical-related prizes we've given.
-
7:36 - 7:38Keep in mind, we've given 230 prizes.
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7:38 - 7:41There are lots of these people
who walk among you. -
7:41 - 7:43Maybe you have one.
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7:43 - 7:45A paper was published about 30 years ago
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7:45 - 7:47called "Injuries due to Falling Coconuts."
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7:47 - 7:49It was written by Dr. Peter Barss,
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7:49 - 7:52who is Canadian.
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7:52 - 7:54Dr. Barss came to the ceremony
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7:54 - 7:56and explained that as a young doctor,
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7:56 - 7:57he wanted to see the world.
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7:57 - 7:59So he went to Papua New Guinea.
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7:59 - 8:02When he got there, he went to work
in a hospital, and he was curious -
8:02 - 8:07what kinds of things happen to people
that bring them to the hospital. -
8:07 - 8:08He looked through the
records, and he discovered -
8:08 - 8:11that a surprisingly large number of people
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8:11 - 8:12in that hospital were there
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8:12 - 8:16because of injuries due to falling coconuts.
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8:16 - 8:18One typical thing that happens is
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8:18 - 8:22people will come from the highlands,
where there are not many coconut trees, -
8:22 - 8:24down to visit their relatives on the coast,
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8:24 - 8:25where there are lots.
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8:25 - 8:27And they'll think that a coconut tree
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8:27 - 8:29is a fine place to stand and maybe lie down.
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8:29 - 8:32A coconut tree that is 90 feet tall,
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8:32 - 8:34and has coconuts that weigh two pounds
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8:34 - 8:38that can drop off at any time.
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8:38 - 8:40A team of doctors in Europe
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8:40 - 8:44published a series of papers
about colonoscopies. -
8:44 - 8:46You're all familiar with colonoscopies,
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8:46 - 8:47one way or another.
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8:47 - 8:48Or in some cases,
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8:48 - 8:52one way and another.
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8:52 - 8:55They, in these papers,
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8:55 - 8:59explained to their fellow doctors
who perform colonoscopies, -
8:59 - 9:01how to minimize the chance
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9:01 - 9:04that when you perform a colonoscopy,
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9:04 - 9:07your patient will explode. (Laughter)
-
9:07 - 9:09Dr. Emmanuel Ben-Soussan
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9:09 - 9:11one of the authors,
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9:11 - 9:14flew in from Paris to the ceremony,
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9:14 - 9:16where he explained the history of this,
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9:16 - 9:17that in the 1950s,
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9:17 - 9:22when colonoscopies were becoming
a common technique for the first time, -
9:22 - 9:25people were figuring out how to do it well.
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9:25 - 9:28And there were some difficulties at first.
-
9:28 - 9:31The basic problem, I'm sure you're familiar with,
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9:31 - 9:37that you're looking inside a
long, narrow, dark place. -
9:37 - 9:40And so, you want to have a larger space.
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9:40 - 9:42You add some gas to inflate it
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9:42 - 9:44so you have room to look around.
-
9:44 - 9:47Now, that's added to the
gas, the methane gas, -
9:47 - 9:49that's already inside.
-
9:49 - 9:52The gas that they used at first,
in many cases, was oxygen. -
9:52 - 9:54So they added oxygen to methane gas.
-
9:54 - 9:56And then they wanted to be able to see,
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9:56 - 9:57they needed light,
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9:57 - 9:58so they'd put in a light source,
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9:58 - 10:00which in the 1950s was very hot.
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10:00 - 10:04So you had methane gas, which is flammable,
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10:04 - 10:06oxygen and heat.
-
10:06 - 10:11They stopped using oxygen pretty quickly.
(Laughter) -
10:11 - 10:14Now it's rare that patients will explode,
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10:14 - 10:20but it does still happen.
-
10:20 - 10:23The final thing that I want
to tell you about is a prize -
10:23 - 10:26we gave to Dr. Elena Bodnar.
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10:26 - 10:30Dr. Elena Bodnar invented a brassiere
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10:30 - 10:31that in an emergency
-
10:31 - 10:33can be quickly separated
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10:33 - 10:36into a pair of protective face masks.
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10:36 - 10:38One to save your life,
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10:38 - 10:43one to save the life of some
lucky bystander. (Laughter) -
10:43 - 10:46Why would someone do this, you might wonder.
-
10:46 - 10:48Dr. Bodnar came to the ceremony
-
10:48 - 10:51and she explained that
she grew up in Ukraine. -
10:51 - 10:53She was one of the doctors who treated victims
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10:53 - 10:55of the Chernobyl power plant meltdown.
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10:55 - 10:58And they later discovered that
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10:58 - 11:00a lot of the worst medical problems
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11:00 - 11:02came from the particles people breathed in.
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11:02 - 11:04So she was always thinking after that
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11:04 - 11:05about could there be some simple mask
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11:05 - 11:10that was available everywhere
when the unexpected happens. -
11:10 - 11:12Years later, she moved to America.
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11:12 - 11:12She had a baby,
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11:12 - 11:14One day she looked, and on the floor,
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11:14 - 11:17her infant son had picked up her bra,
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11:17 - 11:19and had her bra on his face.
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11:19 - 11:21And that's where the idea came from.
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11:21 - 11:23She came to the Ig Nobel ceremony
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11:23 - 11:25with the first prototype of the bra
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11:25 - 11:30and she demonstrated:
-
11:30 - 11:53(Laughter) (Applause)
-
11:58 - 12:07["Paul Krugman, Nobel laureate
(2008) in economics"] -
12:29 - 12:36["Wolfgang Ketterle, Nobel
laureate (2001) in physics"] -
12:44 - 12:47I myself own an emergency bra. (Laughter)
-
12:47 - 12:50It's my favorite bra,
-
12:50 - 12:52but I would be happy to
share it with any of you, -
12:52 - 12:54should the need arise.
-
12:54 - 12:55Thank you.
-
12:55 - 13:00(Applause)
- Title:
- A science award that makes you laugh, then think
- Speaker:
- Marc Abrahams
- Description:
-
As founder of the Ig Nobel awards, Marc Abrahams explores the world’s most improbable research. In this thought-provoking (and occasionally side-splitting) talk, he tells stories of truly weird science — and makes the case that silliness is critical to boosting public interest in science.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 13:12
Cynthia Betubiza edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Madeleine Aronson accepted English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for A science award that makes you laugh, then think |