[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.83,0:00:08.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George and Charlotte Blonsky, who were
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.24,0:00:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a married couple living in\Nthe Bronx in New York City,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.61,0:00:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,invented something.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.85,0:00:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They got a patent in\N1965 for what they call,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.83,0:00:22.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"a device to assist women in giving birth."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.51,0:00:26.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This device consists of a large, round table\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.44,0:00:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some machinery.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.19,0:00:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the woman is ready to deliver her child,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.40,0:00:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she lies on her back,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.80,0:00:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she is strapped down to the table,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.23,0:00:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the table is rotated at high speed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.31,0:00:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The child comes flying out
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.74,0:00:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through centrifugal force.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.72,0:00:54.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at their patent carefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.25,0:00:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially if you have any\Nengineering background or talent,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.12,0:00:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you may decide that you see
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.57,0:01:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one or two points where the design is \Nnot perfectly adequate. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.26,0:01:09.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Doctor Ivan Schwab in California
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.03,0:01:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the people, \None of the main people,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.98,0:01:12.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who helped answer the question,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.57,0:01:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why don't woodpeckers get headaches?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.28,0:01:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turns out the answer to that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.50,0:01:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because their brains
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.72,0:01:23.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are packaged inside their skulls
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.49,0:01:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way different from the way
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.99,0:01:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our brains, we being human beings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.50,0:01:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,true, have our brains packaged.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.46,0:01:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They, the woodpeckers, typically
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.84,0:01:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will peck, they will bang their head
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.03,0:01:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a piece of wood thousands \Nof times every day. Every day!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.32,0:01:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as far as anyone knows,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.23,0:01:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that doesn't bother them in the slightest.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.44,0:01:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does this happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.70,0:01:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their brain does not slosh around like ours does.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.63,0:01:53.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their brain is packed in very tightly,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.34,0:01:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least for blows coming \Nright from the front.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.20,0:01:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not too many people paid attention
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.14,0:02:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this research until\Nthe last few years
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.22,0:02:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when, in this country especially,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.84,0:02:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are becoming curious about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.23,0:02:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happens to the brains\Nof football players
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.42,0:02:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who bang their heads repeatedly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.15,0:02:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the woodpecker maybe relates to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.22,0:02:17.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a paper published
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.31,0:02:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the medical journal The Lancet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.06,0:02:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in England a few years ago called
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.49,0:02:27.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,," A man who pricked his finger\Nand smelled putrid for 5 years."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.90,0:02:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Caroline Mills and her team
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.71,0:02:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,received this patient and didn't \Nreally know what to do about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.81,0:02:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The man had cut his finger,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.67,0:02:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he worked processing chickens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.14,0:02:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he started to\Nsmell really, really bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.58,0:02:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So bad that when \Nhe got in a room
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.80,0:02:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the doctors and the nurses,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.12,0:02:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they couldn't stand being \Nin the room with him.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.87,0:02:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was intolerable.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.68,0:02:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They tried every drug,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.17,0:02:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every other treatment\Nthey could think of.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.99,0:02:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After a year, he still \Nsmelled putrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.22,0:02:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After two years, still smelled putrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.03,0:02:59.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three years, four years,\Nstill smelled putrid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.26,0:03:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After five years, it went away on its own.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.30,0:03:05.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a mystery.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.100,0:03:08.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In New Zealand, Dr. Lianne Parkin
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.35,0:03:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her team tested an old \Ntradition in her city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.91,0:03:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They live in a city that has huge hills,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.64,0:03:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,San Francisco-grade hills.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.26,0:03:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the winter there,\Nit gets very cold
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.37,0:03:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and very icy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.56,0:03:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are lots of injuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.15,0:03:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tradition that they tested,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.42,0:03:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they tested by asking people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.05,0:03:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who were on their way to \Nwork in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.45,0:03:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stop and try something out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.39,0:03:33.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try one of two conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.39,0:03:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tradition is that in the winter,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.14,0:03:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that city, you wear your socks\Non the outside of your boots.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.86,0:03:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they discovered by experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.26,0:03:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was quite graphic when they saw it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.43,0:03:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that it's true.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.84,0:03:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That if you wear your socks on the \Noutside rather than the inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.16,0:03:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're much more likely \Nto survive and not slip and fall.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.52,0:04:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I hope you will agree\Nwith me that these things
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.89,0:04:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've just described to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.11,0:04:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of them, deserves some kind of prize.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.29,0:04:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what they got,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.92,0:04:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each of them got an Ig Nobel prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.20,0:04:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1991, I, together with bunch of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.19,0:04:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started the Ig Nobel prize ceremony.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.09,0:04:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every year we give out 10 prizes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.03,0:04:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The prizes are based on just \None criteria. It's very simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.01,0:04:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's that you've done something that \Nmakes people laugh and then think.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.99,0:04:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you've done makes \Npeople laugh and then think.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.84,0:04:43.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NWhatever it is, there's something about it
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.84,0:04:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\Nthat when people encounter it at first,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.58,0:04:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their only possible reaction is to laugh.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.89,0:04:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a week later,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.82,0:04:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's still rattling around in their heads
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.51,0:04:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all they want to do \Nis tell their friends about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.27,0:04:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the quality we look for.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.46,0:05:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every year, we get in the neighborhood
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.25,0:05:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of 9,000 new nominations \Nfor the Ig Nobel prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.69,0:05:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of those, consistently between 10 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.52,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 20 percent of those nominations
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are people who nominate themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.91,0:05:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those self-nominees almost never win.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.88,0:05:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very difficult, numerically, \Nto win a prize if you want to.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.20,0:05:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if you don't want to,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.04,0:05:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's very difficult numerically.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.76,0:05:31.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should know that when \Nwe choose somebody
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.41,0:05:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to win an Ig Nobel prize,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.68,0:05:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We get in touch with that person, very quietly.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.26,0:05:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We offer them the chance to decline
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.82,0:05:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this great honor if they want to.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.20,0:05:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Happily for us, almost everyone \Nwho's offered a prize
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.53,0:05:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decides to accept.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.04,0:05:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you get if you\Nwin an Ig Nobel prize?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.98,0:05:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, you get several things.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.55,0:05:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get an Ig Nobel prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.08,0:05:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The design is different every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.41,0:06:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are always handmade\Nfrom extremely cheap materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.22,0:06:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're looking at a picture
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.88,0:06:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the prize we gave last year, 2013.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.91,0:06:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most prizes in the world also give
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.95,0:06:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their winners some cash, some money.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.64,0:06:17.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have any money,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.71,0:06:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can't give them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.22,0:06:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the winners have to\Npay their own way
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.09,0:06:24.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come to the Ig Nobel ceremony,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.90,0:06:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which most of them do.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.76,0:06:29.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year, though, we did manage\Nto scrape up some money.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.75,0:06:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last year, each of the 10\NIg Nobel prize winners
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.26,0:06:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,received from us 10 trillion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.04,0:06:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A $10 trillion bill from Zimbabwe. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.48,0:06:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You may remember that \NZimbabwe had a little adventure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.30,0:06:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a few years there of inflation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.90,0:06:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ended up printing bills
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.52,0:06:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were in denominations as\Nlarge as 100 trillion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.37,0:06:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The man responsible, who runs\Nthe national bank there, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.16,0:07:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won an Ig Nobel prize in mathematics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.93,0:07:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing you win is an invitation
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.68,0:07:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come to the ceremony,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.18,0:07:06.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which happens at Harvard University.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.93,0:07:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you get there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.06,0:07:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you come to Harvard's biggest \Nmeeting place and classroom.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.78,0:07:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It fits 1,100 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.06,0:07:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's jammed to the gills,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.19,0:07:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and up on the stage,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.02,0:07:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting to shake your hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.81,0:07:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting to hand you your Ig Nobel prize,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.09,0:07:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are a bunch of Nobel prize winners.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.74,0:07:22.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the heart of the ceremony.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.03,0:07:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The winners are kept secret until that moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.18,0:07:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the Nobel laureates \Nwho will shake their hand
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.61,0:07:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know who they are\Nuntil they're announced.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.85,0:07:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am going to tell you \Nabout just a very few
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.97,0:07:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the other medical-related prizes we've given.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.03,0:07:38.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Keep in mind, we've given 230 prizes. \N
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.28,0:07:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are lots of these people\Nwho walk among you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.58,0:07:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe you have one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.70,0:07:44.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A paper was published about 30 years ago
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.84,0:07:47.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called "Injuries due to Falling Coconuts."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.35,0:07:49.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was written by Dr. Peter Barss,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.31,0:07:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is Canadian.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.52,0:07:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Barss came to the ceremony
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.70,0:07:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and explained that as a young doctor,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.57,0:07:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he wanted to see the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.05,0:07:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he went to Papua New Guinea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.34,0:08:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he got there, he went to work\Nin a hospital, and he was curious
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.68,0:08:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kinds of things happen to people\Nthat bring them to the hospital.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.20,0:08:08.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He looked through the \Nrecords, and he discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.49,0:08:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a surprisingly large number of people
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.28,0:08:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that hospital were there
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.45,0:08:15.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of injuries due to falling coconuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.100,0:08:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One typical thing that happens is
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.78,0:08:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people will come from the highlands,\Nwhere there are not many coconut trees,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.58,0:08:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,down to visit their relatives on the coast,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.83,0:08:25.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there are lots.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.29,0:08:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they'll think that a coconut tree
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.68,0:08:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a fine place to stand and maybe lie down.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.35,0:08:31.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A coconut tree that is 90 feet tall,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.96,0:08:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and has coconuts that weigh two pounds
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.18,0:08:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can drop off at any time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.23,0:08:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A team of doctors in Europe
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.02,0:08:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,published a series of papers\Nabout colonoscopies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.53,0:08:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're all familiar with colonoscopies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.56,0:08:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one way or another.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.85,0:08:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or in some cases,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.17,0:08:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one way and another.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.67,0:08:55.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They, in these papers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.02,0:08:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explained to their fellow doctors\Nwho perform colonoscopies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.19,0:09:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to minimize the chance
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.16,0:09:03.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that when you perform a colonoscopy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.82,0:09:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your patient will explode. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.41,0:09:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Emmanuel Ben-Soussan
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.37,0:09:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the authors,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.55,0:09:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flew in from Paris to the ceremony,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.71,0:09:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he explained the history of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.60,0:09:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in the 1950s,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.77,0:09:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when colonoscopies were becoming\Na common technique for the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.10,0:09:24.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people were figuring out how to do it well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.74,0:09:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there were some difficulties at first.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.50,0:09:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic problem, I'm sure you're familiar with,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.47,0:09:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're looking inside a \Nlong, narrow, dark place.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.80,0:09:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, you want to have a larger space.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.36,0:09:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You add some gas to inflate it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.49,0:09:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you have room to look around.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.40,0:09:47.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, that's added to the \Ngas, the methane gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.13,0:09:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's already inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.64,0:09:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gas that they used at first,\Nin many cases, was oxygen.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.64,0:09:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they added oxygen to methane gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.08,0:09:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they wanted to be able to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.80,0:09:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they needed light,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.05,0:09:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they'd put in a light source,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.45,0:10:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which in the 1950s was very hot.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.23,0:10:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you had methane gas, which is flammable,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.55,0:10:06.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oxygen and heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.34,0:10:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They stopped using oxygen pretty quickly.\N(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.48,0:10:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now it's rare that patients will explode,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.100,0:10:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it does still happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.74,0:10:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The final thing that I want \Nto tell you about is a prize
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.31,0:10:25.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we gave to Dr. Elena Bodnar.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.74,0:10:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Elena Bodnar invented a brassiere
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.87,0:10:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in an emergency
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.42,0:10:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be quickly separated \N
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.62,0:10:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a pair of protective face masks.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.14,0:10:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One to save your life,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.90,0:10:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one to save the life of some \Nlucky bystander. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.23,0:10:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why would someone do this, you might wonder.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.26,0:10:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dr. Bodnar came to the ceremony
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.39,0:10:51.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she explained that \Nshe grew up in Ukraine.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.35,0:10:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was one of the doctors who treated victims
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.06,0:10:55.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Chernobyl power plant meltdown.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.11,0:10:57.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they later discovered that
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.69,0:10:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of the worst medical problems
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.62,0:11:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came from the particles people breathed in.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.74,0:11:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she was always thinking after that
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.67,0:11:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about could there be some simple mask\N
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.29,0:11:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was available everywhere\Nwhen the unexpected happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.99,0:11:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Years later, she moved to America.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.60,0:11:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had a baby,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.45,0:11:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One day she looked, and on the floor,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.20,0:11:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her infant son had picked up her bra,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.27,0:11:19.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had her bra on his face.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.13,0:11:20.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where the idea came from.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.81,0:11:22.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She came to the Ig Nobel ceremony
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.82,0:11:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the first prototype of the bra
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.16,0:11:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she demonstrated:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.51,0:11:53.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.26,0:12:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,["Paul Krugman, Nobel laureate \N(2008) in economics"]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.57,0:12:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,["Wolfgang Ketterle, Nobel \Nlaureate (2001) in physics"]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.66,0:12:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I myself own an emergency bra. (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.28,0:12:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's my favorite bra,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.62,0:12:52.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I would be happy to \Nshare it with any of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.27,0:12:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should the need arise.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.12,0:12:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.08,0:13:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)