All of the energy in the universe is... - George Zaidan and Charles Morton
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Not SyncedEnergy is not easy to define.
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Not SyncedThings have energy,
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Not Syncedbut you can't hold
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Not Synceda bushel of energy in your hands.
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Not SyncedYou can see what it does,
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Not Syncedbut you can't see it directly.
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Not SyncedThere are different types of energy,
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Not Syncedbut the differences between them
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Not Syncedare manifested only in how they make stuff behave.
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Not SyncedWe do know that the total amount
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Not Syncedof all the different types of energy in the universe
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Not Syncedis always the same.
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Not SyncedNow, for chemists, two important types of energy
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Not Syncedare chemical potential energy
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Not Syncedand kinetic energy.
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Not SyncedPotential energy is energy waiting to happen.
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Not SyncedThink of a stretched rubber band.
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Not SyncedIf you cut it,
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Not Syncedall that potential energy
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Not Syncedgets converted to kinetic energy,
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Not Syncedwhich is registered by you as pain.
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Not SyncedLike a stretched rubber band,
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Not Syncedchemical bonds also store energy.
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Not SyncedAnd when those bonds are broken,
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Not Syncedthat potential energy gets converted
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Not Syncedto other types of energy,
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Not Syncedlike heat or light,
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Not Syncedor gets used to make different bonds.
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Not SyncedKinetic energy is the energy of motion,
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Not Syncedand molecules are always moving.
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Not SyncedThey're not necessarily going somewhere,
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Not Syncedthough they could be,
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Not Syncedbut they are vibrating,
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Not Syncedstretching,
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Not Syncedbending,
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Not Syncedand/or spinning.
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Not SyncedTake methane,
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Not Syncedwhich is four hydrogens
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Not Syncedattached to a central carbon,
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Not Syncedas an example.
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Not SyncedDrawn on paper,
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Not Syncedit's just a still tetrahedron.
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Not SyncedBut in real life, it's a jiggling mess.
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Not SyncedThe kinetic energy of molecules
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Not Syncedis exactly the same type of energy
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Not Syncedas the type of energy you have
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Not Syncedwhen you're moving around,
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Not Syncedexcept that you can be still
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Not Syncedand molecules can't.
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Not SyncedIf you suck the kinetic energy
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Not Syncedout of a group of molecules,
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Not Syncedthey'll move less,
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Not Syncedbut they'll never fully stop.
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Not SyncedNow, in any group of molecules,
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Not Syncedsome will have more kinetic energy than others.
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Not SyncedAnd if we calculate
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Not Syncedthe average kinetic energy of the group,
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Not Syncedwe'd have a number mathematically related to
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Not Syncedtemperature.
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Not SyncedSo, the more kinetic energy
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Not Synceda group of molecules has,
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Not Syncedthe higher its temperature.
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Not SyncedAnd that means, on a hot day,
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Not Syncedthe molecules in the air around you
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Not Syncedare spinning, stretching, bending,
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Not Syncedand generally shooting around much faster
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Not Syncedthan on a cold day.
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Not SyncedNow, hot and cold, by the way,
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Not Syncedare relative terms.
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Not SyncedThey're always used to compare
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Not Syncedone thing to something else.
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Not SyncedSo, on that hot summer day,
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Not Syncedthe air molecules have more kinetic energy
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Not Syncedthan the molecules in your skin.
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Not SyncedSo, when those air molecules crash into you,
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Not Syncedthey transfer some of their energy
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Not Syncedto the molecules in your skin,
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Not Syncedand you feel that as heat.
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Not SyncedOn a cold day,
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Not Syncedthe air molecules have less kinetic energy
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Not Syncedthan the molecules in your skin,
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Not Syncedso when you crash into those molecules,
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Not Syncedyou actually transfer
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Not Syncedsome of your kinetic energy to them,
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Not Syncedand you feel that as cold.
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Not SyncedYou can trace the path of energy around you.
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Not SyncedTry it at your next cookout.
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Not SyncedYou burn charcoal
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Not Syncedand the release of that chemical potential energy
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Not Syncedshows up as extreme heat and light.
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Not SyncedThe heat then makes the molecules
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Not Syncedof your burgers, your hot dogs, or your vegetables
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Not Syncedvibrate until their own bonds break
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Not Syncedand new chemical structures are formed.
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Not SyncedToo much heat and you have a charred mess;
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Not Syncedjust enough and you have dinner.
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Not SyncedOnce in your body,
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Not Syncedthe food molecules in your delicious,
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Not Syncedor charred,
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Not Synceddinner get broken down,
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Not Syncedand the energy released
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Not Syncedis used to either keep you alive right now
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Not Syncedor it's stored for later in different molecules.
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Not SyncedAs night falls,
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Not Syncedthe hot summer air cools
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Not Syncedand the flow of energy into you slows.
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Not SyncedThen, as the air reaches your skin temperature,
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Not Syncedfor the briefest of moments,
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Not Syncedthe flow stops.
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Not SyncedAnd then it starts up again
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Not Syncedin the opposite direction
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Not Syncedas energy leaves the warmer surface of your skin
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Not Syncedto return to the universe around you.
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Not SyncedThat energy, neither created nor destroyed,
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Not Syncedbut ever shape-shifting,
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Not Syncedthe chameleon phoenix of our physical world.
- Title:
- All of the energy in the universe is... - George Zaidan and Charles Morton
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/all-of-the-energy-in-the-universe-is-george-zaidan-and-charles-morton
The energy in the universe never increases or decreases -- but it does move around a lot. Energy can be potential (like a stretched-out rubber band waiting to snap) or kinetic (like the molecules that vibrate within any substance). And though we can't exactly see it, every time we cook dinner or shiver on a cold night, we know it's there. George Zaidan and Charles Morton get excited about energy.
Lesson by George Zaidan and Charles Morton, animation by Pew36 Animation Studios.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 03:52
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