[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Energy is not easy to define.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Things have energy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can't hold
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bushel of energy in your hands.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see what it does,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can't see it directly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are different types of energy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the differences between them
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are manifested only in how they make stuff behave.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We do know that the total amount
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of all the different types of energy in the universe
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is always the same.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, for chemists, two important types of energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are chemical potential energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kinetic energy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Potential energy is energy waiting to happen.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of a stretched rubber band.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you cut it,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all that potential energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets converted to kinetic energy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is registered by you as pain.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like a stretched rubber band,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chemical bonds also store energy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when those bonds are broken,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that potential energy gets converted
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to other types of energy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like heat or light,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or gets used to make different bonds.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kinetic energy is the energy of motion,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and molecules are always moving.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not necessarily going somewhere,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,though they could be,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they are vibrating,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stretching,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bending,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and/or spinning.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Take methane,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is four hydrogens
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attached to a central carbon,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an example.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Drawn on paper,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just a still tetrahedron.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in real life, it's a jiggling mess.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The kinetic energy of molecules
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exactly the same type of energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the type of energy you have
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you're moving around,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except that you can be still
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and molecules can't.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you suck the kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out of a group of molecules,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll move less,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they'll never fully stop.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in any group of molecules,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some will have more kinetic energy than others.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we calculate
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average kinetic energy of the group,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd have a number mathematically related to
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,temperature.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the more kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a group of molecules has,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the higher its temperature.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that means, on a hot day,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the molecules in the air around you
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are spinning, stretching, bending,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and generally shooting around much faster
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than on a cold day.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, hot and cold, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are relative terms.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're always used to compare
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one thing to something else.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, on that hot summer day,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air molecules have more kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the molecules in your skin.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when those air molecules crash into you,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they transfer some of their energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the molecules in your skin,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you feel that as heat.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On a cold day,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the air molecules have less kinetic energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the molecules in your skin,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so when you crash into those molecules,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you actually transfer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of your kinetic energy to them,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you feel that as cold.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can trace the path of energy around you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Try it at your next cookout.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You burn charcoal
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the release of that chemical potential energy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shows up as extreme heat and light.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heat then makes the molecules
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of your burgers, your hot dogs, or your vegetables
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vibrate until their own bonds break
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and new chemical structures are formed.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Too much heat and you have a charred mess;
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just enough and you have dinner.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once in your body,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the food molecules in your delicious,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or charred,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dinner get broken down,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the energy released
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is used to either keep you alive right now
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it's stored for later in different molecules.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As night falls,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hot summer air cools
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the flow of energy into you slows.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, as the air reaches your skin temperature,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the briefest of moments,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flow stops.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then it starts up again
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the opposite direction
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as energy leaves the warmer surface of your skin
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to return to the universe around you.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That energy, neither created nor destroyed,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but ever shape-shifting,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the chameleon phoenix of our physical world.