The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it
-
0:01 - 0:07This is one of the most amazing animals
on the face of the Earth. -
0:07 - 0:09This is a tapir.
-
0:09 - 0:13Now this, this is a baby tapir,
-
0:13 - 0:17the cutest animal offspring
in the animal kingdom. -
0:17 - 0:18(Laughter)
-
0:18 - 0:20By far.
-
0:20 - 0:21There is no competition here.
-
0:24 - 0:26I have dedicated
the past 20 years of my life -
0:26 - 0:29to the research and conservation
of tapirs in Brazil, -
0:29 - 0:33and it has been absolutely amazing.
-
0:33 - 0:37But at the moment,
I've been thinking really, really hard -
0:37 - 0:39about the impact of my work.
-
0:39 - 0:43I've been questioning myself
about the real contributions I have made -
0:43 - 0:47for the conservation
of these animals I love so much. -
0:47 - 0:49Am I being effective
-
0:49 - 0:52in safeguarding their survival?
-
0:52 - 0:54Am I doing enough?
-
0:54 - 0:56I guess the big question here is,
-
0:56 - 1:02am I studying tapirs
and contributing to their conservation, -
1:02 - 1:04or am I just documenting their extinction?
-
1:06 - 1:10The world is facing
so many different conservation crises. -
1:10 - 1:13We all know that.
It's all over the news every day. -
1:13 - 1:17Tropical forests and other ecosystems
are being destroyed, -
1:17 - 1:22climate change, so many species
on the brink of extinction: -
1:22 - 1:27tigers, lions, elephants, rhinos, tapirs.
-
1:28 - 1:32This is the lowland tapir,
the tapir species I work with, -
1:32 - 1:35the largest terrestrial mammal
of South America. -
1:35 - 1:38They're massive. They're powerful.
-
1:38 - 1:40Adults can weigh up to 300 kilos.
-
1:40 - 1:42That's half the size of a horse.
-
1:42 - 1:44They're gorgeous.
-
1:44 - 1:49Tapirs are mostly found
in tropical forests such as the Amazon, -
1:49 - 1:54and they absolutely need
large patches of habitat -
1:54 - 1:59in order to find all the resources
they need to reproduce and survive. -
1:59 - 2:02But their habitat is being destroyed,
-
2:02 - 2:08and they have been hunted out of several
parts of their geographic distribution. -
2:08 - 2:11And you see, this is
very, very unfortunate -
2:11 - 2:16because tapirs are extremely important
for the habitats where they are found. -
2:16 - 2:17They're herbivores.
-
2:17 - 2:21Fifty percent of their diet
consists of fruit, -
2:21 - 2:23and when they eat the fruit,
they swallow the seeds, -
2:23 - 2:27which they disperse throughout
the habitat through their feces. -
2:27 - 2:32They play this major role
in shaping and maintaining -
2:32 - 2:35the structure and diversity of the forest,
-
2:35 - 2:41and for that reason, tapirs are known
as gardeners of the forest. -
2:41 - 2:43Isn't that amazing?
-
2:43 - 2:45If you think about it,
-
2:45 - 2:48the extinction of tapirs
would seriously affect -
2:48 - 2:51biodiversity as a whole.
-
2:51 - 2:57I started my tapir work in 1996,
still very young, fresh out of college, -
2:57 - 3:00and it was a pioneer research
and conservation program. -
3:00 - 3:04At that point, we had nearly
zero information about tapirs, -
3:04 - 3:07mostly because they're
so difficult to study. -
3:07 - 3:11They're nocturnal, solitary,
very elusive animals, -
3:11 - 3:17and we got started getting
very basic data about these animals. -
3:17 - 3:20But what is it
that a conservationist does? -
3:21 - 3:23Well, first, we need data.
-
3:23 - 3:24We need field research.
-
3:24 - 3:29We need those long-term datasets
to support conservation action, -
3:29 - 3:32and I told you tapirs
are very hard to study, -
3:32 - 3:36so we have to rely
on indirect methods to study them. -
3:36 - 3:39We have to capture and anesthetize them
-
3:39 - 3:42so that we can install GPS collars
around their necks -
3:42 - 3:44and follow their movements,
-
3:44 - 3:48which is a technique used by many
other conservationists around the world. -
3:48 - 3:52And then we can gather information
about how they use space, -
3:52 - 3:54how they move through the landscape,
-
3:54 - 3:56what are their priority habitats,
-
3:56 - 3:58and so much more.
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3:58 - 4:02Next, we must disseminate what we learn.
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4:02 - 4:05We have to educate people about tapirs
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4:05 - 4:08and how important these animals are.
-
4:08 - 4:11And it's amazing
how many people around the world -
4:11 - 4:14do not know what a tapir is.
-
4:14 - 4:17In fact, many people think
this is a tapir. -
4:19 - 4:21Let me tell you, this is not a tapir.
-
4:21 - 4:23(Laughter)
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4:23 - 4:25This is a giant anteater.
-
4:25 - 4:28Tapirs do not eat ants. Never. Ever.
-
4:30 - 4:35And then next we have to provide
training, capacity building. -
4:35 - 4:40It is our responsibility to prepare
the conservationists of the future. -
4:40 - 4:43We are losing several
conservation battles, -
4:43 - 4:45and we need more people doing what we do,
-
4:45 - 4:50and they need the skills,
and they need the passion to do that. -
4:50 - 4:52Ultimately, we conservationists,
-
4:52 - 4:55we must be able to apply our data,
-
4:55 - 4:57to apply our accumulated knowledge
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4:57 - 5:01to support actual conservation action.
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5:01 - 5:03Our first tapir program
-
5:03 - 5:05took place in the Atlantic Forest
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5:05 - 5:07in the eastern part of Brazil,
-
5:07 - 5:11one of the most threatened
biomes in the world. -
5:11 - 5:13The destruction of the Atlantic Forest
-
5:13 - 5:15began in the early 1500s,
-
5:15 - 5:18when the Portuguese
first arrived in Brazil, -
5:18 - 5:23beginning European colonization
in the eastern part of South America. -
5:23 - 5:26This forest was almost completely cleared
-
5:26 - 5:31for timber, agriculture, cattle ranching
and the construction of cities, -
5:31 - 5:35and today only seven percent
of the Atlantic forest -
5:35 - 5:37is still left standing.
-
5:37 - 5:43And tapirs are found in very, very small,
isolated, disconnected populations. -
5:43 - 5:48In the Atlantic Forest, we found out
that tapirs move through open areas -
5:48 - 5:50of pastureland and agriculture
-
5:50 - 5:54going from one patch of forest
to patch of forest. -
5:54 - 5:57So our main approach in this region
-
5:57 - 6:01was to use our tapir data
to identify the potential places -
6:01 - 6:04for the establishment
of wildlife corridors -
6:04 - 6:07in between those patches of forest,
-
6:07 - 6:09reconnecting the habitat
-
6:09 - 6:14so that tapirs and many other animals
could cross the landscape safely. -
6:14 - 6:17After 12 years in the Atlantic Forest,
-
6:17 - 6:22in 2008, we expanded our tapir
conservation efforts to the Pantanal -
6:22 - 6:24in the western part of Brazil
-
6:24 - 6:27near the border with Bolivia and Paraguay.
-
6:27 - 6:33This is the largest continuous
freshwater floodplain in the world, -
6:33 - 6:34an incredible place
-
6:34 - 6:39and one of the most important strongholds
for lowland tapirs in South America. -
6:39 - 6:43And working in the Pantanal
has been extremely refreshing -
6:43 - 6:47because we found large,
healthy tapir populations in the area, -
6:47 - 6:49and we have been able to study tapirs
-
6:49 - 6:53in the most natural conditions
we'll ever find, -
6:53 - 6:55very much free of threats.
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6:56 - 7:01In the Pantanal, besides the GPS collars,
we are using another technique: -
7:01 - 7:02camera traps.
-
7:02 - 7:05This camera is equipped
with a movement sensor -
7:05 - 7:08and it photographs animals
when they walk in front of it. -
7:08 - 7:11So thanks to these amazing devices,
-
7:11 - 7:14we have been able
to gather precious information -
7:14 - 7:17about tapir reproduction
and social organization -
7:17 - 7:19which are very important
pieces of the puzzle -
7:19 - 7:24when you're trying to develop
those conservation strategies. -
7:24 - 7:28And right now, 2015,
we are expanding our work once again -
7:28 - 7:30to the Brazilian Cerrado,
-
7:30 - 7:34the open grasslands and shrub forests
in the central part of Brazil. -
7:34 - 7:41Today this region is the very epicenter
of economic development in my country, -
7:41 - 7:44where natural habitat
and wildlife populations -
7:44 - 7:48are rapidly being eradicated
by several different threats, -
7:48 - 7:51including once again cattle ranching,
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7:51 - 7:53large sugarcane and soybean plantations,
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7:53 - 7:57poaching, roadkill, just to name a few.
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7:57 - 8:01And somehow, tapirs are still there,
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8:01 - 8:03which gives me a lot of hope.
-
8:03 - 8:08But I have to say that starting
this new program in the Cerrado -
8:08 - 8:10was a bit of a slap in the face.
-
8:10 - 8:12When you drive around
-
8:12 - 8:16and you find dead tapirs
along the highways -
8:16 - 8:21and signs of tapirs wandering around
in the middle of sugarcane plantations -
8:21 - 8:23where they shouldn't be,
-
8:23 - 8:27and you talk to kids and they tell you
that they know how tapir meat tastes -
8:27 - 8:30because their families poach and eat them,
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8:31 - 8:33it really breaks your heart.
-
8:34 - 8:37The situation in the Cerrado
made me realize -- -
8:37 - 8:40it gave me the sense of urgency.
-
8:40 - 8:43I am swimming against the tide.
-
8:43 - 8:46It made me realize that despite
two decades of hard work -
8:46 - 8:50trying to save these animals,
we still have so much work to do -
8:50 - 8:53if we are to prevent them
from disappearing. -
8:53 - 8:57We have to find ways
to solve all these problems. -
8:57 - 8:59We really do, and you know what?
-
8:59 - 9:02We really came to a point
in the conservation world -
9:02 - 9:05where we have to think out of the box.
-
9:05 - 9:09We'll have to be a lot more creative
than we are right now. -
9:09 - 9:13And I told you, roadkill is a big problem
for tapirs in the Cerrado, -
9:13 - 9:16so we just came up with the idea
of putting reflective stickers -
9:16 - 9:19on the GPS collars we put on the tapirs.
-
9:19 - 9:21These are the same stickers
used on big trucks -
9:21 - 9:23to avoid collision.
-
9:23 - 9:26Tapirs cross the highways after dark,
-
9:26 - 9:31so the stickers will hopefully
help drivers see this shining thing -
9:31 - 9:33crossing the highway,
-
9:33 - 9:36and maybe they will
slow down a little bit. -
9:36 - 9:39For now, this is just a crazy idea.
-
9:39 - 9:44We don't know. We'll see if it will
reduce the amount of tapir roadkill. -
9:44 - 9:48But the point is, maybe this is
the kind of stuff that needs to be done. -
9:49 - 9:53And although I'm struggling
with all these questions -
9:53 - 9:55in my mind right now,
-
9:55 - 9:58I have a pact with tapirs.
-
9:58 - 10:00I know in my heart
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10:00 - 10:03that tapir conservation is my cause.
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10:03 - 10:05This is my passion.
-
10:05 - 10:06I am not alone.
-
10:06 - 10:10I have this huge network
of supporters behind me, -
10:10 - 10:13and there is no way
I'm ever going to stop. -
10:13 - 10:18I will continue doing this,
most probably for the rest of my life. -
10:18 - 10:22And I'll keep doing this
for Patrícia, my namesake, -
10:22 - 10:26one of the first tapirs we captured
and monitored in the Atlantic Forest -
10:26 - 10:28many, many years ago;
-
10:28 - 10:32for Rita and her baby Vincent
in the Pantanal. -
10:32 - 10:36And I'll keep doing this for Ted,
a baby tapir we captured -
10:37 - 10:40in December last year
also in the Pantanal. -
10:40 - 10:42And I will keep doing this
-
10:42 - 10:46for the hundreds of tapirs
that I've had the pleasure to meet -
10:46 - 10:47over the years
-
10:47 - 10:51and the many others I know
I will encounter in the future. -
10:51 - 10:54These animals deserve to be cared for.
-
10:54 - 10:57They need me. They need us.
-
10:57 - 11:02And you know? We human beings
deserve to live in a world -
11:02 - 11:06where we can get out there
and see and benefit from -
11:06 - 11:07not only tapirs
-
11:08 - 11:10but all the other beautiful species,
-
11:10 - 11:13now and in the future.
-
11:13 - 11:15Thank you so much.
-
11:15 - 11:20(Applause)
- Title:
- The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it
- Speaker:
- Patrícia Medici
- Description:
-
Although the tapir is one of the world's largest land mammals, the lives of these solitary, nocturnal creatures have remained a mystery. Known as "the living fossil," the very same tapir that roams the forests and grasslands of South America today arrived on the evolutionary scene more than 5 million years ago. But threats from poachers, deforestation and pollution, especially in quickly industrializing Brazil, threaten this longevity. In this insightful talk, conservation biologist, tapir expert and TED Fellow Patrícia Medici shares her work with these amazing animals and challenges us with a question: Do we want to be responsible for their extinction?
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 11:32
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz accepted English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for The coolest animal you know nothing about ... and how we can save it |