Why I chose a gun
-
0:00 - 0:03As the highest military commander
-
0:03 - 0:05of The Netherlands,
-
0:05 - 0:08with troops stationed around the world,
-
0:08 - 0:10I'm really honored
-
0:10 - 0:12to be here today.
-
0:12 - 0:14When I look around
-
0:14 - 0:16this TEDxAmsterdam venue,
-
0:16 - 0:20I see a very special audience.
-
0:20 - 0:22You are the reason
-
0:22 - 0:25why I said yes to the invitation
-
0:25 - 0:28to come here today.
-
0:29 - 0:31When I look around,
-
0:31 - 0:33I see people
-
0:33 - 0:35who want to make a contribution,
-
0:35 - 0:37I see people
-
0:37 - 0:40who want to make a better world,
-
0:40 - 0:43by doing groundbreaking scientific work,
-
0:43 - 0:47by creating impressive works of art,
-
0:47 - 0:49by writing critical articles
-
0:49 - 0:52or inspiring books,
-
0:52 - 0:55by starting up sustainable businesses.
-
0:55 - 0:58And you all have chosen
-
0:58 - 1:00your own instruments
-
1:00 - 1:02to fulfill this mission
-
1:02 - 1:05of creating a better world.
-
1:05 - 1:07Some chose the microscope
-
1:07 - 1:09as their instrument.
-
1:09 - 1:12Others chose dancing or painting
-
1:12 - 1:15or making music like we just heard.
-
1:15 - 1:18Some chose the pen.
-
1:18 - 1:22Others work through the instrument of money.
-
1:22 - 1:24Ladies and gentlemen,
-
1:24 - 1:27I made a different choice.
-
1:40 - 1:42Thanks.
-
1:45 - 1:48Ladies and gentlemen --
-
1:48 - 1:51(Laughter)
-
1:51 - 1:55(Applause)
-
1:56 - 1:59I share your goals.
-
1:59 - 2:01I share the goals
-
2:01 - 2:05of the speakers you heard before.
-
2:05 - 2:08I did not choose
-
2:08 - 2:11to take up the pen,
-
2:11 - 2:15the brush, the camera.
-
2:15 - 2:19I chose this instrument.
-
2:19 - 2:22I chose the gun.
-
2:22 - 2:25For you, and you heard already,
-
2:25 - 2:28being so close to this gun
-
2:28 - 2:32may make you feel uneasy.
-
2:32 - 2:34It may even feel scary.
-
2:34 - 2:36A real gun
-
2:36 - 2:39at a few feet's distance.
-
2:39 - 2:41Let us stop for a moment
-
2:41 - 2:44and feel this uneasiness.
-
2:44 - 2:47You could even hear it.
-
2:47 - 2:49Let us cherish the fact
-
2:49 - 2:52that probably most of you
-
2:52 - 2:55have never been close to a gun.
-
2:55 - 2:57It means
-
2:57 - 3:00The Netherlands is a peaceful country.
-
3:00 - 3:03The Netherlands is not at war.
-
3:03 - 3:06It means soldiers are not needed
-
3:06 - 3:09to patrol our streets.
-
3:09 - 3:13Guns are not a part of our lives.
-
3:13 - 3:16In many countries
-
3:16 - 3:19it is a different story.
-
3:19 - 3:21In many countries
-
3:21 - 3:23people are confronted with guns.
-
3:23 - 3:25They are oppressed.
-
3:25 - 3:28They are intimidated --
-
3:28 - 3:30by warlords,
-
3:30 - 3:32by terrorists,
-
3:32 - 3:34by criminals.
-
3:34 - 3:37Weapons can do a lot of harm.
-
3:37 - 3:39They are the cause
-
3:39 - 3:41of much distress.
-
3:41 - 3:43Why then am I standing before you
-
3:43 - 3:46with this weapon?
-
3:46 - 3:48Why did I choose the gun
-
3:48 - 3:51as my instrument?
-
3:51 - 3:53Today I want to tell you why.
-
3:53 - 3:55Today I want to tell you
-
3:55 - 3:57why I chose the gun
-
3:57 - 3:59to create a better world.
-
3:59 - 4:01And I want to tell you
-
4:01 - 4:04how this gun can help.
-
4:05 - 4:08My story starts
-
4:08 - 4:11in the city of Nijmegen
-
4:11 - 4:14in the east of The Netherlands,
-
4:14 - 4:18the city where I was born.
-
4:18 - 4:20My father
-
4:20 - 4:24was a hardworking baker,
-
4:24 - 4:27but when he had finished work in the bakery,
-
4:27 - 4:31he often told me and my brother stories.
-
4:31 - 4:33And most of the time,
-
4:33 - 4:37he told me this story I'm going to share with you now.
-
4:37 - 4:39The story of what happened
-
4:39 - 4:42when he was a conscripted soldier
-
4:42 - 4:44in the Dutch armed forces
-
4:44 - 4:47at the beginning of the Second World War.
-
4:47 - 4:50The Nazis invaded The Netherlands.
-
4:50 - 4:53Their grim plans were evident.
-
4:53 - 4:55They meant to rule
-
4:55 - 4:58by means of repression.
-
4:58 - 5:02Diplomacy had failed to stop the Germans.
-
5:02 - 5:06Only brute force remained.
-
5:06 - 5:09It was our last resort.
-
5:09 - 5:11My father was there
-
5:11 - 5:13to provide it.
-
5:13 - 5:15As the son of a farmer
-
5:15 - 5:17who knew how to hunt,
-
5:17 - 5:20my father was an excellent marksman.
-
5:20 - 5:22When he aimed,
-
5:22 - 5:24he never missed.
-
5:24 - 5:27At this decisive moment in Dutch history
-
5:27 - 5:30my father was positioned
-
5:30 - 5:32on the bank of the river Waal
-
5:32 - 5:35near the city of Nijmegen.
-
5:35 - 5:38He had a clear shot at the German soldiers
-
5:38 - 5:41who came to occupy a free country,
-
5:41 - 5:43his country,
-
5:43 - 5:45our country.
-
5:45 - 5:48He fired. Nothing happened.
-
5:48 - 5:50He fired again.
-
5:50 - 5:54No German soldier fell to the ground.
-
5:54 - 5:56My father had been given
-
5:56 - 5:58an old gun
-
5:58 - 6:00that could not even reach
-
6:00 - 6:03the opposite riverbank.
-
6:03 - 6:06Hitler's troops marched on,
-
6:06 - 6:10and there was nothing my father could do about it.
-
6:11 - 6:14Until the day my father died,
-
6:14 - 6:18he was frustrated about missing these shots.
-
6:18 - 6:21He could have done something.
-
6:21 - 6:23But with an old gun,
-
6:23 - 6:26not even the best marksman in the armed forces
-
6:26 - 6:29could have hit the mark.
-
6:29 - 6:32So this story stayed with me.
-
6:32 - 6:34Then in high school,
-
6:34 - 6:36I was gripped by the stories
-
6:36 - 6:39of the Allied soldiers --
-
6:39 - 6:43soldiers who left the safety of their own homes
-
6:43 - 6:45and risked their lives
-
6:45 - 6:48to liberate a country and a people
-
6:48 - 6:51that they didn't know.
-
6:51 - 6:54They liberated my birth town.
-
6:54 - 6:57It was then that I decided
-
6:57 - 7:00I would take up the gun --
-
7:00 - 7:03out of respect and gratitude
-
7:03 - 7:05for those men and women
-
7:05 - 7:08who came to liberate us --
-
7:08 - 7:10from the awareness
-
7:10 - 7:13that sometimes only the gun
-
7:13 - 7:15can stand
-
7:15 - 7:18between good and evil.
-
7:18 - 7:20And that is why
-
7:20 - 7:22I took up the gun --
-
7:22 - 7:24not to shoot,
-
7:24 - 7:26not to kill,
-
7:26 - 7:28not to destroy,
-
7:28 - 7:32but to stop those who would do evil,
-
7:32 - 7:35to protect the vulnerable,
-
7:35 - 7:38to defend democratic values,
-
7:38 - 7:41to stand up for the freedom we have
-
7:41 - 7:43to talk here today
-
7:43 - 7:45in Amsterdam
-
7:45 - 7:48about how we can make the world a better place.
-
7:48 - 7:50Ladies and gentlemen,
-
7:50 - 7:53I do not stand here today
-
7:53 - 7:56to tell you about the glory of weapons.
-
7:56 - 8:00I do not like guns.
-
8:00 - 8:04And once you have been under fire yourself,
-
8:04 - 8:07it brings home even more clearly
-
8:07 - 8:10that a gun is not some macho instrument
-
8:10 - 8:13to brag about.
-
8:13 - 8:15I stand here today
-
8:15 - 8:17to tell you about the use of the gun
-
8:17 - 8:20as an instrument of peace and stability.
-
8:23 - 8:25The gun may be one of the most important instruments
-
8:25 - 8:27of peace and stability
-
8:27 - 8:29that we have in this world.
-
8:29 - 8:33Now this may sound contradictory to you.
-
8:33 - 8:38But not only have I seen with my own eyes
-
8:38 - 8:40during my deployments in Lebanon,
-
8:40 - 8:42Sarajevo and [unclear] national
-
8:42 - 8:45as The Netherlands' chief of defense,
-
8:45 - 8:47this is also supported
-
8:47 - 8:51by cold, hard statistics.
-
8:51 - 8:54Violence has declined dramatically
-
8:54 - 8:57over the last 500 years.
-
8:57 - 8:59Despite the pictures
-
8:59 - 9:02we are shown daily in the news,
-
9:02 - 9:04wars between developed countries
-
9:04 - 9:07are no longer commonplace.
-
9:07 - 9:09The murder rate in Europe
-
9:09 - 9:11has dropped by a factor of 30
-
9:11 - 9:13since the Middle Ages.
-
9:13 - 9:16And occurrences of civil war and repression
-
9:16 - 9:19have declined since the end of the Cold War.
-
9:19 - 9:21Statistics show
-
9:21 - 9:23that we are living
-
9:23 - 9:25in a relatively peaceful era.
-
9:25 - 9:27Why?
-
9:27 - 9:30Why has violence decreased?
-
9:30 - 9:33Has the human mind changed?
-
9:33 - 9:36Well we were talking on the human mind this morning.
-
9:36 - 9:39Did we simply lose our beastly impulses
-
9:39 - 9:41for revenge,
-
9:41 - 9:43for violent rituals,
-
9:43 - 9:46for pure rage?
-
9:46 - 9:49Or is there something else?
-
9:49 - 9:51In his latest book,
-
9:51 - 9:53Harvard professor Steven Pinker --
-
9:53 - 9:55and many other thinkers before him --
-
9:55 - 10:00concludes that one of the main drivers
-
10:00 - 10:03behind less violent societies
-
10:03 - 10:06is the spread of the constitutional state
-
10:06 - 10:09and the introduction on a large scale
-
10:09 - 10:11of the state monopoly
-
10:11 - 10:14on the legitimized use of violence --
-
10:14 - 10:20legitimized by a democratically elected government,
-
10:20 - 10:23legitimized by checks and balances
-
10:23 - 10:27and an independent judicial system.
-
10:27 - 10:30In other words, a state monopoly
-
10:30 - 10:33that has the use of violence
-
10:33 - 10:36well under control.
-
10:36 - 10:39Such a state monopoly on violence,
-
10:39 - 10:41first of all, serves
-
10:41 - 10:43as a reassurance.
-
10:43 - 10:45It removes the incentive
-
10:45 - 10:47for an arms race
-
10:47 - 10:49between potentially hostile groups
-
10:49 - 10:51in our societies.
-
10:51 - 10:54Secondly, the presence of penalties
-
10:54 - 10:57that outweigh the benefits of using violence
-
10:57 - 11:00tips the balance even further.
-
11:00 - 11:02Abstaining from violence
-
11:02 - 11:04becomes more profitable
-
11:04 - 11:07than starting a war.
-
11:07 - 11:10Now nonviolence starts to work
-
11:10 - 11:13like a flywheel.
-
11:13 - 11:16It enhances peace even further.
-
11:16 - 11:18Where there is no conflict,
-
11:18 - 11:21trade flourishes.
-
11:21 - 11:23And trade is another important incentive
-
11:23 - 11:26against violence.
-
11:26 - 11:29With trade, there's mutual interdependency
-
11:29 - 11:33and mutual gain between parties.
-
11:33 - 11:35And when there is mutual gain,
-
11:35 - 11:37both sides stand to lose more
-
11:37 - 11:39than they would gain
-
11:39 - 11:42if they started a war.
-
11:42 - 11:44War is simply
-
11:44 - 11:47no longer the best option,
-
11:47 - 11:52and that is why violence has decreased.
-
11:52 - 11:54This, ladies and gentlemen,
-
11:54 - 11:57is the rationale behind the existence
-
11:57 - 12:00of my armed forces.
-
12:00 - 12:02The armed forces
-
12:02 - 12:05implement the state monopoly on violence.
-
12:05 - 12:08We do this in a legitimized way
-
12:08 - 12:12only after our democracy has asked us
-
12:12 - 12:14to do so.
-
12:14 - 12:17It is this legitimate,
-
12:17 - 12:20controlled use of the gun
-
12:20 - 12:22that has contributed greatly
-
12:22 - 12:24to the statistics of war,
-
12:24 - 12:26conflict and violence
-
12:26 - 12:28around the globe.
-
12:28 - 12:31It is this participation in peacekeeping missions
-
12:31 - 12:33that has led to the resolution
-
12:33 - 12:36of many civil wars.
-
12:36 - 12:39My soldiers use the gun
-
12:39 - 12:43as an instrument of peace.
-
12:43 - 12:46And this is exactly why failed states
-
12:46 - 12:48are so dangerous.
-
12:48 - 12:50Failed states
-
12:50 - 12:54have no legitimized, democratically controlled use of force.
-
12:54 - 12:57Failed states do not know of the gun
-
12:57 - 13:01as an instrument of peace and stability.
-
13:01 - 13:03That is why failed states
-
13:03 - 13:05can drag down a whole region
-
13:05 - 13:08into chaos and conflict.
-
13:08 - 13:10That is why spreading the concept
-
13:10 - 13:12of the constitutional state
-
13:12 - 13:14is such an important aspect
-
13:14 - 13:17of our foreign missions.
-
13:17 - 13:19That is why
-
13:19 - 13:21we are trying to build a judicial system
-
13:21 - 13:24right now in Afghanistan.
-
13:24 - 13:27That is why we train police officers,
-
13:27 - 13:29we train judges,
-
13:29 - 13:32we train public prosecutors around the world.
-
13:32 - 13:34And that is why --
-
13:34 - 13:37and in The Netherlands, we are very unique in that --
-
13:37 - 13:40that is why the Dutch constitution states
-
13:40 - 13:42that one of the main tasks
-
13:42 - 13:44of the armed forces
-
13:44 - 13:46is to uphold and promote
-
13:46 - 13:49the international rule of law.
-
13:50 - 13:52Ladies and gentlemen,
-
13:52 - 13:54looking at this gun,
-
13:54 - 13:56we are confronted
-
13:56 - 13:59with the ugly side of the human mind.
-
14:00 - 14:02Every day I hope
-
14:02 - 14:04that politicians, diplomats,
-
14:04 - 14:06development workers
-
14:06 - 14:08can turn conflict
-
14:08 - 14:10into peace
-
14:10 - 14:12and threat
-
14:12 - 14:14into hope.
-
14:14 - 14:16And I hope that one day
-
14:16 - 14:18armies can be disbanded
-
14:18 - 14:21and humans will find a way of living together
-
14:21 - 14:25without violence and oppression.
-
14:25 - 14:28But until that day comes,
-
14:28 - 14:31we will have to make ideals
-
14:31 - 14:34and human failure
-
14:34 - 14:36meet somewhere in the middle.
-
14:36 - 14:39Until that day comes,
-
14:39 - 14:41I stand for my father
-
14:41 - 14:44who tried to shoot the Nazis
-
14:44 - 14:46with an old gun.
-
14:46 - 14:49I stand for my men and women
-
14:49 - 14:52who are prepared to risk their lives
-
14:52 - 14:56for a less violent world for all of us.
-
14:56 - 14:59I stand for this soldier
-
14:59 - 15:02who suffered partial hearing loss
-
15:02 - 15:05and sustained permanent injuries to her leg,
-
15:05 - 15:08which was hit by a rocket
-
15:08 - 15:12on a mission in Afghanistan.
-
15:12 - 15:14Ladies and gentlemen,
-
15:14 - 15:16until the day comes
-
15:16 - 15:19when we can do away with the gun,
-
15:19 - 15:22I hope we all agree
-
15:22 - 15:24that peace and stability
-
15:24 - 15:27do not come free of charge.
-
15:27 - 15:30It takes hard work,
-
15:30 - 15:33often behind the scenes.
-
15:33 - 15:35It takes good equipment
-
15:35 - 15:39and well-trained, dedicated soldiers.
-
15:39 - 15:41I hope you will support the efforts
-
15:41 - 15:43of our armed forces
-
15:43 - 15:45to train soldiers
-
15:45 - 15:47like this young captain
-
15:47 - 15:50and provide her with a good gun,
-
15:50 - 15:53instead of the bad gun my father was given.
-
15:53 - 15:56I hope you will support our soldiers
-
15:56 - 15:59when they are out there,
-
15:59 - 16:01when they come home
-
16:01 - 16:03and when they are injured
-
16:03 - 16:05and need our care.
-
16:05 - 16:07They put their lives on the line,
-
16:07 - 16:10for us, for you,
-
16:10 - 16:14and we cannot let them down.
-
16:14 - 16:18I hope you will respect my soldiers,
-
16:18 - 16:21this soldier with this gun.
-
16:21 - 16:25Because she wants a better world.
-
16:25 - 16:27Because she makes an active contribution
-
16:27 - 16:30to the better world,
-
16:30 - 16:33just like all of us here today.
-
16:33 - 16:35Thank you very much.
-
16:35 - 16:49(Applause)
- Title:
- Why I chose a gun
- Speaker:
- Peter van Uhm
- Description:
-
Peter van Uhm is the Netherlands’ chief of defense, but that does not mean he is pro-war. At TEDxAmsterdam he explains how his career is one shaped by a love of peace, not a desire for bloodshed -- and why we need armies if we want peace.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 16:50
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
Joanna Pietrulewicz edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
TED edited English subtitles for Why I chose a gun | ||
TED added a translation |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 1/13/2016.