What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak
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0:00 - 0:03One of my favorite words in the whole of
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0:03 - 0:06the Oxford English Dictionary is "snollygoster."
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0:06 - 0:08Just because it sounds so good.
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0:08 - 0:09And what snollygoster means is
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0:09 - 0:12"a dishonest politician."
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0:12 - 0:13Although there was a 19th-century
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0:13 - 0:16newspaper editor who defined it rather better when he said,
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0:16 - 0:19"A snollygoster is a fellow who seeks office
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0:19 - 0:22regardless of party, platform or principle,
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0:22 - 0:24and who, when he wins,
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0:24 - 0:26gets there by the sheer force
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0:26 - 0:30of monumental talknophical assumnancy."
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0:30 - 0:31(Laughter)
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0:31 - 0:33Now I have no idea what "talknophical" is.
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0:33 - 0:35Something to do with words, I assume.
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0:35 - 0:38But it's very important that words are at the center of politics,
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0:38 - 0:42and all politicians know they have to try and control language.
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0:42 - 0:44It wasn't until, for example, 1771
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0:44 - 0:49that the British Parliament allowed newspapers to report
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0:49 - 0:52the exact words that were said in the debating chamber.
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0:52 - 0:55And this was actually all down to the bravery
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0:55 - 0:58of a guy with the extraordinary name of Brass Crosby,
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0:58 - 1:00who took on Parliament.
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1:00 - 1:02And he was thrown into the Tower of London
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1:02 - 1:03and imprisoned,
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1:03 - 1:06but he was brave enough,
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1:06 - 1:08he was brave enough to take them on,
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1:08 - 1:11and in the end he had such popular support in London that he won.
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1:11 - 1:14And it was only a few years later
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1:14 - 1:16that we have the first recorded use of the phrase
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1:16 - 1:19"as bold as brass."
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1:19 - 1:21Most people think that's down to the metal.
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1:21 - 1:23It's not. It's down to a campaigner
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1:23 - 1:26for the freedom of the press.
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1:26 - 1:27But to really show you how
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1:27 - 1:30words and politics interact,
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1:30 - 1:32I want to take you back to the United States of America,
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1:32 - 1:35just after they'd achieved independence.
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1:35 - 1:37And they had to face the question
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1:37 - 1:40of what to call George Washington, their leader.
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1:40 - 1:41They didn't know.
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1:41 - 1:44What do you call the leader of a republican country?
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1:44 - 1:47And this was debated in Congress for ages and ages.
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1:47 - 1:49And there were all sorts of suggestions on the table,
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1:49 - 1:51which might have made it.
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1:51 - 1:53I mean, some people wanted him to be called
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1:53 - 1:55Chief Magistrate Washington,
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1:55 - 1:57and other people, His Highness George Washington,
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1:57 - 2:04and other people, Protector of the Liberties of the People of the United States of America Washington.
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2:04 - 2:06Not that catchy.
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2:06 - 2:09Some people just wanted to call him King.
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2:09 - 2:10They thought it was tried and tested.
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2:10 - 2:12And they weren't even being monarchical there,
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2:12 - 2:13they had the idea that you could be elected King
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2:13 - 2:15for a fixed term.
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2:15 - 2:17And, you know, it could have worked.
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2:17 - 2:19And everybody got insanely bored, actually,
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2:19 - 2:21because this debate went on for three weeks.
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2:21 - 2:23I read a diary of this poor senator,
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2:23 - 2:25who just keeps coming back, "Still on this subject."
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2:25 - 2:28And the reason for the delay and the boredom was that
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2:28 - 2:31the House of Representatives were against the Senate.
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2:31 - 2:35The House of Representatives didn't want Washington
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2:35 - 2:36to get drunk on power.
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2:36 - 2:37They didn't want to call him King
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2:37 - 2:41in case that gave him ideas, or his successor ideas.
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2:41 - 2:44So they wanted to give him the humblest, meagerest,
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2:44 - 2:47most pathetic title that they could think of.
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2:47 - 2:53And that title was "President."
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2:53 - 2:56President. They didn't invent the title. I mean, it existed before,
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2:56 - 2:59but it just meant somebody who presides over a meeting.
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2:59 - 3:01It was like the foreman of the jury.
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3:01 - 3:02And it didn't have much more grandeur
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3:02 - 3:05than the term "foreman" or "overseer."
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3:05 - 3:07There were occasional presidents of little colonial councils
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3:07 - 3:11and bits of government, but it was really a nothing title.
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3:11 - 3:13And that's why the Senate objected to it.
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3:13 - 3:16They said, that's ridiculous, you can't call him President.
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3:16 - 3:20This guy has to go and sign treaties and meet foreign dignitaries.
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3:20 - 3:22And who's going to take him seriously
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3:22 - 3:23if he's got a silly little title
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3:23 - 3:28like President of the United States of America?
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3:28 - 3:31And after three weeks of debate, in the end
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3:31 - 3:35the Senate did not cave in.
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3:35 - 3:40Instead, they agreed to use the title "President" for now,
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3:40 - 3:44but they also wanted it absolutely set down
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3:44 - 3:47that they didn't agree with it
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3:47 - 3:52from a decent respect for the opinions and practice of civilized nations,
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3:52 - 3:56whether under republican or monarchical forms of government,
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3:56 - 3:58whose custom it is to annex,
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3:58 - 4:02through the office of the Chief Magistrate, titles of respectability --
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4:02 - 4:04not bloody President --
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4:04 - 4:08and that in the intercourse with foreign nations,
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4:08 - 4:12the majesty of the people of the United States
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4:12 - 4:16may not be hazarded by an appearance of singularity,
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4:16 - 4:20i.e., we don't want to look like bloody weirdos.
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4:20 - 4:23Now you can learn three interesting things from this.
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4:23 - 4:25First of all -- and this is my favorite --
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4:25 - 4:28is that so far as I've ever been able to find out,
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4:28 - 4:33the Senate has never formally endorsed the title of President.
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4:33 - 4:36Barack Obama, President Obama, is there on borrowed time,
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4:36 - 4:40just waiting for the Senate to spring into action.
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4:40 - 4:42Second thing you can learn is that
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4:42 - 4:44when a government says that this is a temporary measure --
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4:44 - 4:48(Laughter) --
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4:48 - 4:52you can still be waiting 223 years later.
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4:52 - 4:54But the third thing you can learn,
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4:54 - 4:55and this is the really important one,
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4:55 - 4:57this is the point I want to leave you on,
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4:57 - 5:02is that the title, President of the United States of America,
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5:02 - 5:06doesn't sound that humble at all these days, does it?
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5:06 - 5:09Something to do with the slightly over 5,000
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5:09 - 5:11nuclear warheads he has at his disposal
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5:11 - 5:14and the largest economy in the world
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5:14 - 5:17and a fleet of drones and all that sort of stuff.
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5:17 - 5:24Reality and history have endowed that title with grandeur.
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5:24 - 5:26And so the Senate won in the end.
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5:26 - 5:29They got their title of respectability.
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5:29 - 5:32And also, the Senate's other worry, the appearance of singularity --
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5:32 - 5:34well, it was a singularity back then.
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5:34 - 5:37But now, do you know how many nations have a president?
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5:37 - 5:39A hundred and forty-seven.
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5:39 - 5:41All because they want to sound like
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5:41 - 5:46the guy who's got the 5,000 nuclear warheads, etc.
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5:46 - 5:48And so, in the end, the Senate won
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5:48 - 5:52and the House of Representatives lost,
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5:52 - 5:55because nobody's going to feel that humble
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5:55 - 5:56when they're told that they are now
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5:56 - 6:01the President of the United States of America.
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6:01 - 6:03And that's the important lesson I think you can take away,
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6:03 - 6:05and the one I want to leave you with.
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6:05 - 6:08Politicians try to pick words and use words to shape reality
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6:08 - 6:11and control reality, but in fact,
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6:11 - 6:14reality changes words far more
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6:14 - 6:17than words can ever change reality.
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6:17 - 6:18Thank you very much.
- Title:
- What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak
- Speaker:
- Mark Forsyth
- Description:
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Most politicians choose their words carefully, to shape the reality they hope to create. But does it work? Etymologist Mark Forsyth shares a few entertaining word-origin stories from British and American history (for instance, did you ever wonder how George Washington became "president"?) and draws a surprising conclusion. (From TEDxHousesofParliament in London)
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 07:04
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
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Thu-Huong Ha accepted English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for What's a snollygoster? A short lesson in political speak | ||
Morton Bast added a translation |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 10/17/2016.