The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie
-
Not Syncedwe need to replace three dimensional space plus time
-
Not Syncedwith a single concept: four dimensional spacetime.
-
Not SyncedWe'll explore and explain spacetime in this series of animations.
-
Not SyncedAnimations?
-
Not SyncedYeah.
-
Not SyncedWell, we're not very animated, are we?
-
Not SyncedSure we are!
-
Not SyncedLook! I can go from here to here.
-
Not SyncedWhoah! How'd you get from here to there?
-
Not SyncedHow fast did you go? Did you run? Walk?
-
Not SyncedDid you even go in a straight line?
-
Not SyncedAh! To answer that, you'll need to make our cartoon physics
-
Not Syncedlook more like physics physics.
-
Not SyncedYou'll need more panels.
-
Not SyncedMore panels please!
-
Not SyncedOkay. In each panel, Andrew's in a slightly different place.
-
Not SyncedSo I can see each one records where Andrew is
-
Not Syncedat a different time.
-
Not SyncedThat's great, but it would be easier to see
-
Not Syncedwhat's going on if we could cut out
-
Not Syncedall the hundreds of panels
-
Not Syncedand stack them up like a flip book.
-
Not SyncedRight. Now let's flip through the book
-
Not Syncedso that we can see one panel after another,
-
Not Syncedgetting through 24 in every second.
-
Not SyncedSee! I told you it was an animation.
-
Not SyncedNow you can see me walking along.
-
Not SyncedDrawing all those panels and putting them into a flip book
-
Not Syncedis just one way of recording the way I'm moving.
-
Not SyncedIt's how animation, or even movies, work.
-
Not SyncedAs it turns out, at my walking speed
-
Not Syncedit takes two seconds to get past each fence post,
-
Not Syncedand they're spaced four meters apart.
-
Not SyncedSo we can calculate my velocity,
-
Not Syncedhow fast I'm moving through space,
-
Not Syncedis two meters per second.
-
Not SyncedBut, I could've worked that out from the panels
-
Not Syncedwithout flipping through them.
-
Not SyncedFrom the edge of the flipbook,
-
Not Syncedyou can see all of the copies of the fencepost,
-
Not Syncedand all of the copies of Andrew,
-
Not Syncedand he's in a slightly different place in each one.
-
Not SyncedNow, we can predict everything that will happen to Andrew
-
Not Syncedwhen we flip through 24 pages every second
-
Not Syncedincluding his speed of motion just by looking.
-
Not SyncedNo need to flip through at all!
-
Not SyncedThe edge of this flip book
-
Not Syncedis known as a space time diagram
-
Not Syncedof Andrew's journey through - you guessed it -
-
Not Syncedspace and time.
-
Not SyncedWe call the line that represents
-
Not SyncedAndrew's journey his world line.
-
Not SyncedIf I jog instead of walking,
-
Not SyncedI might be able to get past a fencepost
-
Not Syncedevery second.
-
Not Synced(He's not very athletic.)
-
Not SyncedAnyway, when we look at this new flipbook from the edge,
-
Not Syncedwe can do the same analysis as before.
-
Not SyncedThe world line for Andrew jogging
-
Not Syncedis more tilted over than the world line for Andrew walking.
-
Not SyncedWe can tell he's going twice as fast as before
-
Not Syncedwithout flipping the panels.
-
Not SyncedBut here's the clever bit!
-
Not SyncedIn physics, it's always good to view things from other perspectives.
-
Not SyncedAfter all, the laws of physics
-
Not Syncedshould be the same for everyone
-
Not Syncedor no one will obey them.
-
Not SyncedSo, let's rethink our cartoon
-
Not Syncedand have the camera follow Andrew jogging along
-
Not Syncedas the fencepost approach and pass behind him.
-
Not SyncedStill viewing it as a flipbook of panels,
-
Not Syncedwe don't need to redraw anything.
-
Not SyncedWe simply move all of the cutout frames slightly
-
Not Synceduntil Andrew's tilted world line bcomes
-
Not Syncedcompletely vertical.
-
Not SyncedTo see why, let's flip it.
-
Not SyncedYes! Now I'm stationery,
-
Not Syncedjust jogging on the spot
-
Not Syncedin the center of the panel.
-
Not SyncedOn the edge of the flipbook,
-
Not Syncedmy world line was going straight upwards.
-
Not SyncedThe fenceposts are coming past me.
-
Not SyncedIt's not their world lines that are tilted.
-
Not SyncedThis rearrangement of the panels
-
Not Syncedis known as a Gallileon transformation.
-
Not SyncedAnd it lets us analyize physics
-
Not Syncedfrom someone else's perspective,
-
Not Syncedin this case mine.
-
Not SyncedAfter all, it's always good to see things
-
Not Syncedfrom other points of view.
-
Not SyncedEspecially when the viewers are moving
-
Not Syncedat different speeds.
-
Not SyncedSo long as the speeds aren't too high.
-
Not SyncedIf you're a cosmic ray moving at the speed of light,
-
Not Syncedour flipbook of your point of view falls apart.
-
Not SyncedTo stop that from happening,
-
Not Syncedwe'll have to glue panels together.
-
Not SyncedInstead of a stack of separate panels,
-
Not Syncedwe'll need a solid block of space time.
-
Not SyncedWhich we'll come to in the next animation.
- Title:
- The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-fundamentals-of-space-time-part-1-andrew-pontzen-and-tom-whyntie
Space is where things happen. Time is when things happen. And sometimes, in order to really look at the universe, you need to take those two concepts and mash them together. In this first lesson of a three-part series on space-time, hilarious hosts Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie go through the basics of space and time individually, and use a flip book to illustrate how we can begin to look at them together.
Lesson by Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie, animation by Giant Animation Studios.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 05:06
Helene Batt edited English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Jessica Ruby approved English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Jessica Ruby accepted English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Caroline Cristal edited English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie | ||
Caroline Cristal edited English subtitles for The fundamentals of space-time: Part 1 - Andrew Pontzen and Tom Whyntie |