-
What do you do when
you have a headache?
-
You swallow an aspirin.
-
But for this pill to get to your head,
where the pain is, it goes through
-
your stomach, intestines
and various other organs first.
-
Swallowing pills is the most effective
and painless way of delivering
-
any medication in the body.
-
The downside though, is that swallowing
any medication leads to its dilution,
-
and this is a big problem,
particularly in HIV patients.
-
When they take their anti-HIV drugs,
these drugs are good for loweing the virus
-
in the blood and increasing
their CD4 cell counts.
-
But their also notorious for their adverse
side effects, but mostly bad because
-
they get diluted by the time they get
to the blood and worse --
-
by the time they get to the sites where it
matters most within HIV viral reservoirs.
-
These areas in the body, such as
the lymphnodes, the nervous system,
-
as well as the lungs, where the virus is
sleeping and won't readily get delivered
-
in the blood of patients that are under
consistent anti-HIV drugs therapy.
-
However, upon discontinuation of therapy,
the virus can awake and infect new cells
-
in the blood.
-
Now, all this is a big problem in treating
HIV with the current drug treatment,
-
which is a life-long treatment that
must be swallowed by patients.
-
One day, I sat and thought, can we
deliver anti-HIV directly within
-
its reservoir sites without
the risk of drug dilution?
-
As a laser scientist, the answer
was just before my eyes
-
Lasers, of course.
-
If they can be used for dentistry,
for diabetic wound healing and surgery,
-
they can be used for anything imaginable,
including transporting drugs into cells.
-
As a matter of fact, we're currently using
laser pulses to poke or drill extremely
-
tiny holes which open and close almost
immediately in HIV-infected cells
-
in order to deliver drugs within them.
-
How is that possible, you may ask?
-
Well, we shine a very powerful but super
tiny laser beam onto the membrane
-
of HIV-infected cells, while these cells
are immersed in liquid containing the drug.
-
The laser pierces the cell, while the cell
swallows the drug in a matter
-
of microseconds.
-
Before you even know it, the induced
hole becomes immediately repaired.
-
Now we are currently testing this
technology in the test tubes
-
or petrie dishes, but the goal is to get
this technology in the human body,
-
applied in the human body.
-
How is that possible, you may ask?
-
Well, the answer is through
a three-headed device.
-
Using the first head, which is
our laser, we will make an incision
-
to the site of infection.
-
Using the second head, which is a camera,
we meander to the site of infection.
-
Finally, using a third head, which is
a drug spreading sprinkler, we deliver
-
the drugs directly at the site infection,
while the laser is again used
-
to poke those cells open.
-
Well this may not seem like much right now
but one day, if successful this technology
-
can lead to complete eradication
of HIV in the body.
-
Yes.
A cure for HIV.
-
This is every HIV researcher's dream.
In our case, a cure lead by lasers.
-
Thank you.
-
(Applause)