A manifesto for play, for Bulgaria and beyond
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0:00 - 0:03I'm here today
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0:03 - 0:05to start a revolution.
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0:05 - 0:07Now before you get up in arms,
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0:07 - 0:09or you break into song,
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0:09 - 0:11or you pick a favorite color,
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0:11 - 0:14I want to define what I mean by revolution.
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0:14 - 0:16By revolution,
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0:16 - 0:19I mean a drastic and far-reaching change
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0:19 - 0:22in the way we think and behave --
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0:22 - 0:25the way we think and the way we behave.
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0:25 - 0:28Now why, Steve, why do we need a revolution?
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0:28 - 0:30We need a revolution
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0:30 - 0:33because things aren't working; they're just not working.
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0:33 - 0:35And that makes me really sad
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0:35 - 0:38because I'm sick and tired of things not working.
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0:38 - 0:41You know, I'm sick and tired of us not living up to our potential.
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0:41 - 0:44I'm sick and tired of us being last.
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0:44 - 0:47And we are last place in so many things --
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0:47 - 0:50for example, social factors.
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0:50 - 0:53We're last place in Europe in innovation.
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0:53 - 0:56There we are right at the end, right at the bottom,
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0:56 - 0:59last place as a culture that doesn't value innovation.
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0:59 - 1:01We're last place in health care,
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1:01 - 1:03and that's important for a sense of well-being.
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1:03 - 1:05And there we are, not just last in the E.U.,
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1:05 - 1:07we're last in Europe, at the very bottom.
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1:07 - 1:09And worst of all,
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1:09 - 1:12it just came out three weeks ago, many of you have seen it, The Economist.
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1:12 - 1:15We're the saddest place on Earth,
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1:15 - 1:17relative to GDP per capita --
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1:17 - 1:19the saddest place on Earth.
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1:19 - 1:22That's social. Let's look at education.
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1:22 - 1:24Where do we rank three weeks ago
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1:24 - 1:26in another report by the OECD?
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1:26 - 1:29Last in reading, math and science. Last.
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1:29 - 1:31Business:
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1:31 - 1:33The lowest perception in the E.U.
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1:33 - 1:36that entrepreneurs provide benefits to society.
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1:36 - 1:38Why as a result, what happens?
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1:38 - 1:41The lowest percentage of entrepreneurs starting businesses.
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1:41 - 1:43And this is despite the fact
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1:43 - 1:45that everybody knows that small business
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1:45 - 1:47is the engine of economies.
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1:47 - 1:50We hire the most people; we create the most taxes.
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1:50 - 1:53So if our engine's broken, guess what?
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1:53 - 1:56Last in Europe GDP per capita.
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1:56 - 1:58Last.
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1:58 - 2:01So it's no surprise, guys, that 62 percent of Bulgarians
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2:01 - 2:03are not optimistic about the future.
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2:03 - 2:05We're unhappy, we have bad education,
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2:05 - 2:08and we have the worst businesses.
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2:08 - 2:10And these are facts, guys.
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2:10 - 2:13This isn't story tale; it's not make-believe.
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2:13 - 2:15It's not.
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2:15 - 2:18It's not a conspiracy I have got against Bulgaria. These are facts.
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2:18 - 2:20So I think it should be really, really clear
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2:20 - 2:22that our system is broken.
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2:22 - 2:24The way we think, the way we behave,
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2:24 - 2:26our operating system of behaving is broken.
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2:26 - 2:29We need a drastic change in the way we think and behave
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2:29 - 2:31to transform Bulgaria for the better,
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2:31 - 2:33for ourselves, for our friends,
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2:33 - 2:35for our family and for our future.
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2:35 - 2:37How did this happen?
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2:37 - 2:40Let's be positive now. We're going to get positive. How did this happen?
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2:40 - 2:42I think we're last because --
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2:42 - 2:44and this is going to be drastic to some of you --
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2:44 - 2:46because we are handicapping ourselves.
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2:46 - 2:48We're holding ourselves back
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2:48 - 2:50because we don't value play.
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2:50 - 2:52I said "play," all right.
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2:52 - 2:55In case some of you forgot what play is, this is what play looks like.
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2:55 - 2:57Babies play, kids play,
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2:57 - 2:59adults play.
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2:59 - 3:01We don't value play.
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3:01 - 3:03In fact, we devalue play.
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3:03 - 3:05And we devalue it in three areas.
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3:05 - 3:07Let's go back to the same three areas.
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3:07 - 3:09Social: 45 years of what?
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3:09 - 3:11Of communism --
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3:11 - 3:14of valuing the society and the state over the individual
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3:14 - 3:16and squashing, inadvertently,
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3:16 - 3:20creativity, individual self-expression and innovation.
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3:20 - 3:22And instead, what do we value?
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3:22 - 3:24Because it's shown
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3:24 - 3:28the way we apply, generate and use knowledge
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3:28 - 3:30is affected by our social and institutional context,
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3:30 - 3:32which told us what in communism?
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3:32 - 3:34To be serious.
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3:34 - 3:36To be really, really serious.
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3:36 - 3:38It did.
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3:38 - 3:42(Applause)
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3:42 - 3:44Be serious.
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3:44 - 3:47I can't tell you how many times I've been scolded in the park
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3:47 - 3:51for letting my kids play on the ground.
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3:51 - 3:54Heaven forbid they play in the dirt, the kal,
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3:54 - 3:57or even worse, lokvi, water -- that will kill them.
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3:57 - 3:59I have been told by babas and dyados
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3:59 - 4:02that we shouldn't let our kids play so much
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4:02 - 4:04because life is serious
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4:04 - 4:06and we need to train them for the seriousness of life.
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4:06 - 4:09We have a serious meme running through.
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4:09 - 4:11It's a social gene running through us.
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4:11 - 4:13It's a serious gene.
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4:13 - 4:15It's 45 years of it
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4:15 - 4:17that's created what I call the "baba factor."
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4:17 - 4:19(Laughter)
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4:19 - 4:21(Applause)
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4:21 - 4:23And here's how it works.
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4:23 - 4:26Step one: woman says, "I want to have a baby. Iskam baby."
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4:26 - 4:28Step two: we get the baby. Woohoo!
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4:28 - 4:30But then what happens in step three?
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4:30 - 4:32I want to go back to work
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4:32 - 4:35because I need to further my career or I just want to go have coffees.
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4:35 - 4:38I'm going to give bebko to baba.
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4:38 - 4:40But we need to remember
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4:40 - 4:43that baba's been infected by the serious meme for 45 years.
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4:43 - 4:45So what happens?
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4:45 - 4:48She passes that virus on to baby,
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4:48 - 4:52and it takes a really, really, really long time -- as the redwood trees --
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4:52 - 4:54for that serious meme
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4:54 - 4:57to get out of our operating system.
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4:57 - 4:59What happens then?
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4:59 - 5:02It goes into education where we have an antiquated education system
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5:02 - 5:04that has little changed for 100 years,
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5:04 - 5:06that values rote learning,
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5:06 - 5:08memorization and standardization,
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5:08 - 5:11and devalues self-expression, self-exploration,
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5:11 - 5:13questioning, creativity and play.
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5:13 - 5:15It's a crap system.
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5:15 - 5:19True story: I went looking for a school for my kid.
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5:19 - 5:21We went to this prestigious little school
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5:21 - 5:23and they say they're going to study math 10 times a week
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5:23 - 5:25and science eight times a week
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5:25 - 5:27and reading five times a day and all this stuff.
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5:27 - 5:30And we said, "Well what about play and recess?"
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5:30 - 5:33And they said, "Ha. There won't be a single moment in the schedule."
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5:33 - 5:35(Laughter)
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5:35 - 5:37And we said, "He's five."
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5:37 - 5:39What a crime. What a crime.
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5:39 - 5:41And it's a crime
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5:41 - 5:44that our education system is so serious because education is serious
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5:44 - 5:46that we're creating mindless, robotic workers
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5:46 - 5:48to put bolts in pre-drilled holes.
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5:48 - 5:50But I'm sorry, the problems of today
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5:50 - 5:52are not the problems of the Industrial Revolution.
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5:52 - 5:54We need adaptability,
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5:54 - 5:57the ability to learn how to be creative and innovative.
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5:57 - 5:59We don't need mechanized workers.
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5:59 - 6:02But no, now our meme goes into work where we don't value play.
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6:02 - 6:05We create robotic workers that we treat like assets,
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6:05 - 6:07to lever and just throw away.
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6:07 - 6:10What are qualities of a Bulgarian work?
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6:10 - 6:12Autocratic --
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6:12 - 6:14do what I say because I'm the chef.
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6:14 - 6:16I'm the boss and I know better than you.
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6:16 - 6:19Untrusting -- you're obviously a criminal, so I'm going to install cameras.
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6:19 - 6:21(Laughter)
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6:21 - 6:23Controlling --
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6:23 - 6:25you're obviously an idiot, so I'm going to make
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6:25 - 6:28a zillion little processes for you to follow so you don't step out of the box.
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6:28 - 6:30So they're restrictive -- don't use your mobile phone,
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6:30 - 6:32don't use your laptop, don't search the Internet,
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6:32 - 6:34don't be on I.M.
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6:34 - 6:36That's somehow unprofessional and bad.
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6:36 - 6:38And at the end of the day, it's unfulfilling
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6:38 - 6:41because you're controlled, you're restricted, you're not valued
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6:41 - 6:43and you're not having any fun.
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6:43 - 6:45In social, in education and in our business,
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6:45 - 6:47don't value play.
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6:47 - 6:49And that's why we're last,
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6:49 - 6:51because we don't value play.
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6:51 - 6:54And you can say, "That's ridiculous, Steve. What a dumb idea.
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6:54 - 6:56It can't be because of play.
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6:56 - 6:58Just play, that's a stupid thing."
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6:58 - 7:00We have the serious meme in us.
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7:00 - 7:02Well I'm going to say no.
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7:02 - 7:05And I will prove it to you in the next part of the speech --
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7:05 - 7:08that play is the catalyst, it is the revolution,
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7:08 - 7:11that we can use to transform Bulgaria for the better.
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7:11 - 7:13Play:
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7:13 - 7:15our brains
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7:15 - 7:17are hardwired for play.
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7:17 - 7:19Evolution has selected,
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7:19 - 7:22over millions and billions of years,
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7:22 - 7:25for play in animals and in humans.
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7:25 - 7:27And you know what?
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7:27 - 7:29Evolution does a really, really good job
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7:29 - 7:32of deselecting traits that aren't advantageous to us
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7:32 - 7:35and selecting traits for competitive advantage.
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7:35 - 7:38Nature isn't stupid, and it selected for play.
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7:38 - 7:40Throughout the animal kingdom, for example:
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7:40 - 7:42ants. Ants play.
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7:42 - 7:44Maybe you didn't know that.
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7:44 - 7:46But when they're playing,
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7:46 - 7:48they're learning the social order and dynamics of things.
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7:48 - 7:50Rats play, but what you might not have known
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7:50 - 7:52is that rats that play more
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7:52 - 7:54have bigger brains
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7:54 - 7:56and they learn tasks better,
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7:56 - 7:58skills.
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7:58 - 8:00Kittens play. We all know kittens play.
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8:00 - 8:02But what you may not know
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8:02 - 8:05is that kittens deprived of play
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8:05 - 8:07are unable to interact socially.
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8:07 - 8:10They can still hunt, but they can't be social.
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8:10 - 8:12Bears play.
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8:12 - 8:14But what you may not know
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8:14 - 8:17is that bears that play more survive longer.
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8:17 - 8:19It's not the bears that learn how to fish better.
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8:19 - 8:22It's the ones that play more.
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8:22 - 8:24And a final really interesting study --
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8:24 - 8:26it's been shown, a correlation
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8:26 - 8:28between play and brain size.
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8:28 - 8:31The more you play, the bigger the brains there are.
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8:31 - 8:34Dolphins, pretty big brains, play a lot.
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8:34 - 8:36But who do you think
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8:36 - 8:39with the biggest brains are the biggest players?
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8:39 - 8:41Yours truly: humans.
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8:41 - 8:43Kids play, we play --
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8:43 - 8:45of every nationality, of every race,
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8:45 - 8:47of every color, of every religion.
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8:47 - 8:49It's a universal thing -- we play.
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8:49 - 8:52And it's not just kids, it's adults too.
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8:52 - 8:54Really cool term: neoteny --
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8:54 - 8:57the retention of play and juvenile traits in adults.
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8:57 - 8:59And who are the biggest neotenists?
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8:59 - 9:01Humans. We play sports.
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9:01 - 9:03We do it for fun, or as Olympians, or as professionals.
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9:03 - 9:05We play musical instruments.
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9:05 - 9:07We dance, we kiss, we sing,
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9:07 - 9:09we just goof around.
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9:09 - 9:12We're designed by nature to play
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9:12 - 9:15from birth to old age.
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9:15 - 9:18We're designed to do that continuously --
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9:18 - 9:20to play and play a lot
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9:20 - 9:22and not stop playing.
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9:22 - 9:25It is a huge benefit.
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9:25 - 9:27Just like there's benefits to animals,
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9:27 - 9:29there's benefits to humans.
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9:29 - 9:31For example, it's been shown
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9:31 - 9:33to stimulate neural growth in the amygdala,
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9:33 - 9:35in the area where it controls emotions.
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9:35 - 9:38It's been shown to promote pre-frontal cortex development
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9:38 - 9:40where a lot of cognition is happening.
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9:40 - 9:42As a result, what happens?
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9:42 - 9:45We develop more emotional maturity if we play more.
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9:45 - 9:47We develop better decision-making ability
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9:47 - 9:49if we play more.
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9:49 - 9:51These guys are facts.
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9:51 - 9:53It's not fiction, it's not story tales, it's not make-believe;
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9:53 - 9:55it's cold, hard science.
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9:55 - 9:58These are the benefits to play.
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9:58 - 10:01It is a genetic birthright that we have,
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10:01 - 10:04like walking or speaking or seeing.
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10:04 - 10:06And if we handicap ourselves with play,
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10:06 - 10:08we handicap ourselves
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10:08 - 10:10as if we would with any other birthright that we have.
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10:10 - 10:13We hold ourselves back.
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10:14 - 10:16Little exercise just for a second:
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10:16 - 10:18close your eyes
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10:18 - 10:21and try to imagine a world without play.
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10:21 - 10:24Imagine a world without theater, without the arts,
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10:24 - 10:27without song, without dancing,
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10:27 - 10:29without soccer, without football,
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10:29 - 10:31without laughter.
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10:31 - 10:33What does this world look like?
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10:33 - 10:35It's pretty bleak.
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10:35 - 10:37It's pretty glum.
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10:37 - 10:39Now imagine your workplace.
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10:39 - 10:41Is it fun? Is it playful?
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10:41 - 10:44Or maybe the workplace of your friends -- here we're forward thinking.
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10:44 - 10:46Is it fun? Is it playful?
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10:46 - 10:49Or is it crap? Is it autocratic, controlling,
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10:49 - 10:52restrictive and untrusting and unfulfilling?
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10:54 - 10:56We have this concept
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10:56 - 10:59that the opposite of play is work.
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10:59 - 11:02We even feel guilty if we're seen playing at work.
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11:02 - 11:05"Oh, my colleagues see me laughing. I must not have enough work,"
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11:05 - 11:08or, "Oh, I've got to hide because my boss might see me.
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11:08 - 11:11He's going to think I'm not working hard."
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11:11 - 11:13But I have news for you: our thinking is backwards.
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11:13 - 11:15The opposite of play
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11:15 - 11:17is not work.
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11:17 - 11:19The opposite of play
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11:19 - 11:22is depression. It's depression.
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11:22 - 11:24In fact,
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11:24 - 11:26play improves our work.
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11:26 - 11:28Just like there's benefits for humans and animals,
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11:28 - 11:30there's benefits for play at work.
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11:30 - 11:34For example, it stimulates creativity.
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11:34 - 11:37It increases our openness to change.
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11:37 - 11:39It improves our ability to learn.
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11:39 - 11:41It provides a sense of purpose and mastery --
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11:41 - 11:43two key motivational things
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11:43 - 11:45that increase productivity,
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11:45 - 11:47through play.
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11:47 - 11:50So before you start thinking of play as just not serious,
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11:50 - 11:52play doesn't mean frivolous.
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11:52 - 11:54You know, the professional athlete that loves skiing,
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11:54 - 11:57he's serious about it, but he loves it.
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11:57 - 12:00He's having fun, he's in the groove, he's in the flow.
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12:00 - 12:02A doctor might be serious,
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12:02 - 12:05but laughter's still a great medicine.
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12:06 - 12:08Our thinking is backwards.
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12:08 - 12:10We shouldn't be feeling guilty.
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12:10 - 12:12We should be celebrating play.
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12:12 - 12:14Quick example from the corporate world.
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12:14 - 12:17FedEx, easy motto: people, service, profit.
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12:17 - 12:20If you treat your people like people, if you treat them great,
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12:20 - 12:23they're happier, they're fulfilled, they have a sense of mastery and purpose.
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12:23 - 12:25What happens? They give better service --
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12:25 - 12:27not worse, but better.
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12:27 - 12:29And when customers call for service
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12:29 - 12:32and they're dealing with happy people that can make decisions and are fulfilled,
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12:32 - 12:34how do the customers feel? They feel great.
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12:34 - 12:37And what do great customers do, great-feeling customers?
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12:37 - 12:39They buy more of your service and they tell more of their friends,
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12:39 - 12:41which leads to more profit.
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12:41 - 12:43People, service, profit.
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12:43 - 12:46Play increases productivity, not decreases.
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12:46 - 12:48And you're going to say,
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12:48 - 12:50"Gee, that can work for FedEx out there in the United States,
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12:50 - 12:52but it can't work in Bulgaria.
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12:52 - 12:54No way. We're different."
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12:54 - 12:56It does work in Bulgaria, you guys. Two reasons.
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12:56 - 12:58One, play is universal.
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12:58 - 13:01There's nothing weird about Bulgarians that we can't play,
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13:01 - 13:03besides the serious meme that we have to kick out.
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13:03 - 13:06Two, I've tried it. I've tried at Sciant.
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13:06 - 13:08When I got there, we had zero happy customers.
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13:08 - 13:10Not one customer would refer us.
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13:10 - 13:12I asked them all.
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13:12 - 13:14We had marginal profit -- I did.
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13:14 - 13:16We had marginal profits,
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13:16 - 13:18and we had unhappy stakeholders.
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13:18 - 13:20Through some basic change,
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13:20 - 13:23change like improving transparency,
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13:23 - 13:25change like promoting self-direction
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13:25 - 13:28and collaboration, encouraging collaboration,
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13:28 - 13:30not autocracy,
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13:30 - 13:32the things like having a results-focus.
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13:32 - 13:35I don't care when you get in in the morning. I don't care when you leave.
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13:35 - 13:37I care that your customer and your team is happy
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13:37 - 13:39and you're organized with that.
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13:39 - 13:41Why do I care if you get in at nine o'clock?
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13:41 - 13:43Basically promoting fun.
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13:43 - 13:46Through promoting fun and a great environment,
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13:46 - 13:48we were able to transform Sciant
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13:48 - 13:50and, in just three short years --
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13:50 - 13:52sounds like a long time, but change is slow --
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13:52 - 13:55every customer, from zero to every customer referring us,
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13:55 - 13:57above average profits for the industry
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13:57 - 13:59and happy stakeholders.
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13:59 - 14:01And you can say, "Well how do you know they're happy?"
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14:01 - 14:03Well we did win, every year that we entered,
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14:03 - 14:06one of the rankings for best employer for small business.
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14:06 - 14:08Independent analysis from anonymous employees
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14:08 - 14:10on their surveys.
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14:10 - 14:12It does, and it can, work in Bulgaria.
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14:12 - 14:14There's nothing holding us back,
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14:14 - 14:17except our own mentality about play.
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14:17 - 14:20So some steps that we can take -- to finish up --
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14:20 - 14:22how to make this revolution through play.
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14:22 - 14:24First of all, you have to believe me.
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14:24 - 14:26If you don't believe me,
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14:26 - 14:28well just go home and think about it some more or something.
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14:28 - 14:31Second of all, if you don't have the feeling of play in you,
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14:31 - 14:33you need to rediscover play.
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14:33 - 14:35Whatever it was that as a kid you used to enjoy,
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14:35 - 14:37that you enjoyed only six months ago,
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14:37 - 14:39but now that you've got that promotion you can't enjoy,
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14:39 - 14:41because you feel like you have to be serious,
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14:41 - 14:43rediscover it.
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14:43 - 14:45I don't care if it's mountain biking or reading a book or playing a game.
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14:45 - 14:47Rediscover that
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14:47 - 14:49because you're the leaders,
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14:49 - 14:51the innovation leaders, the thought leaders.
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14:51 - 14:53You're the ones that have to go back to the office
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14:53 - 14:55or talk to your friends
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14:55 - 14:58and ignite the fire of change in the play revolution.
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14:58 - 15:00You guys have to, and if you're not feeling it,
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15:00 - 15:03your colleagues, your employees, aren't going to feel it.
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15:03 - 15:06You've got to go back and say, "Hey, I'm going to trust you."
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15:06 - 15:09Weird concept: I hired you; I should trust you.
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15:09 - 15:12I'm going to let you make decisions. I'm going to empower you,
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15:12 - 15:15and I'm going to delegate to the lowest level, rather than the top.
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15:15 - 15:18I'm going to encourage constructive criticism.
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15:18 - 15:20I'm going to let you challenge authority.
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15:20 - 15:23Because it's by challenging the way things are always done
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15:23 - 15:25is that we are able to break out of the rut that we're in
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15:25 - 15:27and create innovative solutions
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15:27 - 15:29to problems of today.
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15:29 - 15:31We're not always right as leaders.
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15:31 - 15:33We're going to eradicate fear.
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15:33 - 15:36Fear is the enemy of play.
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15:36 - 15:38And we're going to do things
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15:38 - 15:40like eliminate restrictions.
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15:40 - 15:42You know what, let them use their mobile phone
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15:42 - 15:45for personal calls -- heaven forbid.
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15:45 - 15:47Let them be on the Internet.
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15:47 - 15:50Let them be on instant messengers.
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15:50 - 15:54Let them take long lunches.
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15:54 - 15:56Lunch is like the recess for work.
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15:56 - 15:58It's when you go out in the world
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15:58 - 16:00and you recharge your brain, you meet your friends,
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16:00 - 16:03you have a beer, you have some food, you talk,
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16:03 - 16:05you get some synergy of ideas
-
16:05 - 16:07that maybe you wouldn't have had before.
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16:07 - 16:10Let them do it. Give them some freedom,
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16:10 - 16:13and in general, let them play. Let them have fun at the workplace.
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16:13 - 16:16We spend so much of our lives at the workplace,
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16:16 - 16:18and it's supposed to be, what, a miserable grind,
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16:18 - 16:21so that 20 years from now, we wake up and say, "Is this it?
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16:21 - 16:23Is that all there was?"
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16:23 - 16:25Unacceptable. Nepriemliv.
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16:25 - 16:27(Laughter)
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16:28 - 16:30So in summary,
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16:30 - 16:32we need a drastic change
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16:32 - 16:34in the way we think and behave,
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16:34 - 16:36but we don't need
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16:36 - 16:39a workers' revolution.
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16:39 - 16:41We don't need a workers' revolution.
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16:41 - 16:43What we need
-
16:43 - 16:45is a players' uprising.
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16:45 - 16:48What we need is a players' uprising.
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16:48 - 16:50What we need is a players' uprising.
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16:50 - 16:52Seriously, we need to band together.
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16:52 - 16:54Today is the start of the uprising.
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16:54 - 16:56But what you need to do
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16:56 - 16:58is fan the flames of the revolution.
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16:58 - 17:01You need to go and share your ideas and your success stories
-
17:01 - 17:03of what worked
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17:03 - 17:06about reinvigorating our lives, our schools,
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17:06 - 17:08and our work with play;
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17:08 - 17:10about how play promotes
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17:10 - 17:13a sense of promise and self-fulfillment;
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17:13 - 17:17of how play promotes innovation and productivity,
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17:17 - 17:20and, ultimately, how play creates meaning.
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17:21 - 17:24Because we can't do it alone. We have to do it together,
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17:24 - 17:27and together, if we do this and share these ideas on play,
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17:27 - 17:31we can transform Bulgaria for the better.
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17:31 - 17:33Thank you.
-
17:33 - 17:36(Applause)
- Title:
- A manifesto for play, for Bulgaria and beyond
- Speaker:
- Steve Keil
- Description:
-
At TEDxBG in Sofia, Steve Keil fights the "serious meme" that has infected his home of Bulgaria -- and calls for a return to play to revitalize the economy, education and society. A sparkling talk with a universal message for people everywhere who are reinventing their workplaces, schools, lives.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 17:36
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