How do I deal with a bully, without becoming a thug? | Scilla Elworthy | TEDxExeter
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0:21 - 0:24I'm so delighted to be able to see you.
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0:25 - 0:29In half a century
of trying to help prevent wars, -
0:29 - 0:33there's one question that never leaves me:
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0:33 - 0:36how do we deal with extreme violence
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0:36 - 0:40without using force in return?
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0:41 - 0:42When you're faced with brutality,
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0:42 - 0:46whether it's a child
facing a bully in the playground, -
0:46 - 0:48or domestic violence,
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0:48 - 0:54or on the streets of Syria today
facing tanks and shrapnel, -
0:54 - 0:57what's the most effective thing to do?
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0:57 - 0:58Fight back?
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0:58 - 1:00Give in?
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1:00 - 1:02Use more force?
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1:03 - 1:07This question,
"How do I deal with a bully -
1:07 - 1:11without becoming a thug in return?",
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1:11 - 1:13has been with me ever since I was a child.
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1:13 - 1:16I remember I was about thirteen,
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1:16 - 1:19glued to a grainy,
black and white television -
1:19 - 1:21in my parents' living room,
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1:21 - 1:25as soviet tanks rolled into Budapest.
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1:26 - 1:28And kids not much older than me
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1:28 - 1:30were throwing themselves at the tanks
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1:30 - 1:32and getting mown down.
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1:33 - 1:36And I rushed upstairs
and started packing my suitcase, -
1:36 - 1:39and my mother came up and said,
"What on earth are you doing?" -
1:39 - 1:42And I said, "I'm going to Budapest."
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1:42 - 1:46And she said, "What on earth for?"
And I said, "Kids are getting killed. -
1:46 - 1:48There's something terrible happening."
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1:48 - 1:51And she said, "Don't be so silly."
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1:51 - 1:53And I started to cry.
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1:53 - 1:57And she got it and she said,
"OK, I see it's serious. -
1:58 - 2:01You're much too young to help.
You need training. -
2:01 - 2:04I'll help you,
but just don't pack your suitcase." -
2:04 - 2:06(Laughter)
-
2:06 - 2:07And so, I got some training,
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2:07 - 2:12and went and worked in Africa
during most of my twenties. -
2:13 - 2:15But I realized
that what I really needed to know -
2:15 - 2:18I couldn't get from training courses.
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2:18 - 2:22I wanted to understand how violence,
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2:22 - 2:25how oppression works.
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2:25 - 2:29And what I've discovered since is this:
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2:30 - 2:33Bullies use violence in three ways.
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2:34 - 2:39They use political violence to intimidate,
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2:40 - 2:44physical violence to terrorize,
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2:45 - 2:50and mental or emotional violence
to undermine. -
2:52 - 2:55And only very rarely, in very few cases,
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2:55 - 2:58does it work to use more violence.
-
2:58 - 3:03Nelson Mandela went to jail
believing in violence. -
3:04 - 3:07And twenty seven years later,
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3:07 - 3:13he and his colleagues
had slowly and carefully honed the skills, -
3:13 - 3:16the incredible skills that they needed
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3:16 - 3:20to turn one of the most
vicious governments the world has known -
3:20 - 3:22into a democracy.
-
3:22 - 3:26And they did it in a total devotion
to non-violence. -
3:27 - 3:34They realized
that using force against force -
3:34 - 3:36doesn't work.
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3:38 - 3:41So, what does work?
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3:41 - 3:44Over time, I've collected
about half dozen methods -
3:44 - 3:46that do work --
of course there are many more -- -
3:46 - 3:48that do work and that are effective.
-
3:48 - 3:52And the first is that the change
that has to take place -
3:52 - 3:57has to take place here, inside me.
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3:57 - 4:02It's my response,
my attitude to oppression -
4:02 - 4:04that I've got control over,
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4:04 - 4:06that I can do something about.
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4:07 - 4:10And what I need to develop
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4:10 - 4:12is self-knowledge to do that.
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4:12 - 4:15That means I need to know how I tick,
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4:15 - 4:17when I collapse,
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4:17 - 4:21where my formidable points are,
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4:21 - 4:24where my weaker points are.
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4:24 - 4:26When do I give in?
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4:26 - 4:29What will I stand up for?
-
4:30 - 4:37And meditation, or self-inspection,
is one of the ways -- -
4:37 - 4:38it's not the only one --
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4:38 - 4:42one of the ways of gaining
this kind of inner power. -
4:43 - 4:45And my heroine here, like Satish,
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4:45 - 4:49is Aung San Suu Kyi, in Burma.
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4:50 - 4:52She was leading a group of students
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4:52 - 4:54on a protest, in the streets of Rangoon.
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4:54 - 4:56They came around a corner,
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4:56 - 4:59faced with a row of machine guns.
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4:59 - 5:00And she realized straight away
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5:00 - 5:05that the soldiers, with their fingers
shaking on the triggers, -
5:05 - 5:10were more scared
than the student protesters behind her. -
5:10 - 5:13But she told the students to sit down,
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5:13 - 5:16and she walked forward,
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5:16 - 5:21with such calm and such clarity
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5:21 - 5:23and such total lack of fear
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5:24 - 5:28that she could walk
right up to the first gun, -
5:28 - 5:31put her hand on it and lower it.
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5:35 - 5:37And no one got killed.
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5:39 - 5:43So, that's what
the mastery of fear can do, -
5:43 - 5:45not only faced with machine guns,
-
5:45 - 5:50but if you meet a knife fight
in the street. -
5:50 - 5:52But we have to practice.
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5:52 - 5:54So, what about our fear?
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5:55 - 5:57I have a little mantra.
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5:58 - 6:02"My fear grows fat
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6:02 - 6:05on the energy I feed it.
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6:05 - 6:06And if it grows very big,
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6:06 - 6:09it probably happens."
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6:10 - 6:14So, we all know that
3-o'clock-in-the-morning syndrome, -
6:14 - 6:17when something
you've been worrying about wakes you up. -
6:17 - 6:20I see a lot of people.
-
6:20 - 6:24And, for an hour, you toss and turn,
it gets worse and worse, -
6:24 - 6:28and, by 4 o'clock,
you're pinned to the pillow -
6:28 - 6:30by a monster this big.
-
6:30 - 6:34The only thing to do is to get up,
make a cup of tea -
6:34 - 6:39and sit down with the fear,
like a child beside you. -
6:40 - 6:42You're the adult.
-
6:42 - 6:45The fear is the child
and you talk to the fear -
6:45 - 6:48and you ask it what it wants,
what it needs. -
6:48 - 6:52How can this be made better?
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6:52 - 6:54How can the child feel stronger?
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6:54 - 6:56And you make a plan and you say,
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6:56 - 6:58"OK, now we're going back to sleep.
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6:58 - 7:02At half past seven, we're getting up.
That's what we're going to do." -
7:02 - 7:07I had one of these
3-a.m. episodes on Sunday, -
7:07 - 7:11paralyzed with fear
of coming to talk to you. -
7:11 - 7:13(Laughter)
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7:13 - 7:15So, I did the thing.
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7:15 - 7:16I got up, made the cup of tea,
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7:16 - 7:18sat down with a digital,
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7:18 - 7:20and I'm here.
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7:20 - 7:23Still partly paralyzed, but I'm here.
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7:23 - 7:26(Applause)
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7:27 - 7:29So, that's fear.
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7:29 - 7:31What about anger?
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7:31 - 7:35Wherever there's injustice there's anger.
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7:35 - 7:37But anger is like gasoline.
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7:37 - 7:39And if you spray it around,
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7:39 - 7:41and somebody lights a match,
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7:41 - 7:43you've got an inferno.
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7:43 - 7:48But anger as an engine,
in an engine, is powerful. -
7:48 - 7:52If we can put our anger inside an engine,
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7:52 - 7:53it can drive us forward,
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7:53 - 7:57it can get us
through the dreadful moments, -
7:57 - 8:00and it can give us real inner power.
-
8:01 - 8:06And I learned this in my work
with nuclear weapon policy-makers, -
8:06 - 8:09because, at the beginning,
I was so outraged -
8:09 - 8:12at the dangers they were exposing us to
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8:12 - 8:14that I just wanted to argue,
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8:14 - 8:17and blame, and make them wrong.
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8:18 - 8:20Totally ineffective.
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8:20 - 8:24In order to develop a dialogue for change,
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8:24 - 8:26we have to deal with our anger.
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8:26 - 8:30It's OK to be angry with the thing,
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8:30 - 8:32the nuclear weapons, in this case.
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8:32 - 8:36But it is hopeless
to be angry with the people. -
8:36 - 8:39They are human beings just like us,
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8:39 - 8:41and they are doing
what they think is best, -
8:41 - 8:45and that's the basis
on which we have to talk with them. -
8:45 - 8:48So, that's the third one. Anger.
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8:48 - 8:51And it brings me to the crux
of what's going on, -
8:51 - 8:54or what I perceive
is going on in the world today, -
8:54 - 8:58which is that last century
was top-down power. -
8:58 - 9:02It was still governments
telling people what to do. -
9:02 - 9:05This century, there's a shift.
-
9:05 - 9:08It's bottom-up, or grass-roots power.
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9:08 - 9:11It's like mushrooms
coming through concrete. -
9:12 - 9:15It's people joining up with people --
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9:15 - 9:18as Bandi just said -- miles away,
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9:18 - 9:21to bring about change.
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9:21 - 9:25And Peace Direct spotted quite early on
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9:25 - 9:29that local people,
in areas of very hot conflict, -
9:29 - 9:30know what to do.
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9:30 - 9:33They know best what to do.
-
9:33 - 9:37So, Peace Direct
gets behind them to do that. -
9:37 - 9:42And the kind of thing they're doing
is demobilizing militias, -
9:42 - 9:45rebuilding economies,
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9:45 - 9:47resettling refugees,
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9:48 - 9:52even liberating child soldiers.
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9:52 - 9:57And they have to risk their lives
almost everyday to do this. -
9:58 - 10:02And what they realized
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10:02 - 10:06is that using violence
in the situations they operate in -
10:06 - 10:11is not only less humane,
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10:11 - 10:14but it's less effective
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10:14 - 10:18than using methods
that connect people with people, -
10:18 - 10:20that rebuild.
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10:20 - 10:24And I think that the US military
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10:24 - 10:28is finally beginning to get this.
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10:30 - 10:35Up to now, their counter-terrorism policy
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10:35 - 10:39has been to kill insurgents
at almost any cost. -
10:39 - 10:42And if civilians get in the way,
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10:42 - 10:46that's written as "collateral damage".
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10:47 - 10:50And this is so infuriating
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10:50 - 10:55and humiliating
for the population of Afghanistan -
10:55 - 10:59that it makes recruitment
for Al Qaeda very easy -
10:59 - 11:02when people are
so disgusted by, for example, -
11:02 - 11:05the burning of the Qur'an.
-
11:05 - 11:09So, the training
of the troops has to change, -
11:09 - 11:13and I think there are signs
that it is beginning to change. -
11:13 - 11:17The British military
would have been much better at this, -
11:17 - 11:20but there is one magnificent example
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11:20 - 11:22for them to take their cue from,
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11:22 - 11:26and that's a brilliant US
left-tenant colonel called Chris Hughes. -
11:26 - 11:29And he was leading his men
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11:29 - 11:32down the streets of Nadjaf,
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11:32 - 11:34in Iraq, actually.
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11:34 - 11:37And, suddenly, people were
pouring out of the houses, -
11:37 - 11:39on either side of the road,
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11:39 - 11:43screaming, yelling, furiously angry,
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11:43 - 11:46and surrounded these very young troops
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11:46 - 11:47who were completely terrified,
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11:47 - 11:50didn't know what was going on,
couldn't speak Arabic. -
11:50 - 11:54And Chris Hughes strode into
the middle of the throng -
11:54 - 11:56with his weapon above his head,
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11:56 - 11:58pointing at the ground,
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11:58 - 12:00and he said, "Kneel!".
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12:00 - 12:04And these huge soldiers,
with their backpacks -
12:04 - 12:06and their body armour,
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12:06 - 12:08wobbled to the ground.
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12:09 - 12:13And complete silence fell.
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12:15 - 12:18And after about two minutes,
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12:18 - 12:22everybody moved aside and went home.
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12:23 - 12:28Now, that to me is wisdom in action.
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12:29 - 12:32In the moment, that's what he did.
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12:33 - 12:37And it's happening everywhere now.
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12:38 - 12:40You don't believe me?
-
12:40 - 12:43Have you asked yourselves
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12:44 - 12:47why and how so many dictatorships
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12:47 - 12:51have collapsed over the last thirty years?
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12:53 - 12:57Dictatorships in Czechoslovakia,
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12:57 - 13:01East Germany, Estonia, Latvia,
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13:01 - 13:06Lithuania, Mali, Madagascar,
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13:06 - 13:13Poland, the Philippines,
Serbia, Slovenia... -
13:13 - 13:17I could go on --
and now Tunisia and Egypt. -
13:18 - 13:21And this hasn't just happened, you know.
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13:22 - 13:25A lot of it is due to a book
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13:25 - 13:30written by an eighty-year-old man
in Boston, Gene Sharp. -
13:30 - 13:34He wrote a book called
"From Dictatorship to Democracy", -
13:34 - 13:39with 81 methodologies
for non-violent resistance. -
13:39 - 13:42And it's been translated into
26 languages, -
13:42 - 13:44it's flown around the world,
-
13:44 - 13:48and it's being used by young people
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13:48 - 13:51and older people everywhere.
-
13:51 - 13:54Because it works. It's effective.
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13:56 - 14:01So, this is what gives me hope.
Not just hope. -
14:01 - 14:04This is what makes me feel
very positive right now, -
14:04 - 14:09because, finally,
human beings are getting it. -
14:09 - 14:11We're getting...
-
14:11 - 14:16practical, doable methodologies
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14:16 - 14:18to answer my question,
-
14:18 - 14:22"How do we deal with a bully,
without becoming a thug?" -
14:24 - 14:28We're using the kind of skills
that I've outlined. -
14:28 - 14:33Inner power, development of inner power
through self-knowledge. -
14:33 - 14:36Recognizing and working with our fear.
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14:36 - 14:39Using anger as a fuel.
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14:39 - 14:42Cooperating with others.
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14:42 - 14:44Banding together with others.
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14:44 - 14:46Courage.
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14:46 - 14:48And, most importantly,
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14:48 - 14:52commitment to active non-violence.
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14:54 - 14:57Now, I don't just believe in non-violence.
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14:57 - 15:00I don't have to believe in it.
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15:00 - 15:04I see evidence everywhere of how it works.
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15:04 - 15:09And I see that we, ordinary people,
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15:09 - 15:12can do what Aung San Suu Kyi,
-
15:12 - 15:16and Gandhi, and Mandela did.
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15:16 - 15:19We can bring to an end
-
15:19 - 15:24the bloodiest century
that humanity has ever known. -
15:25 - 15:30And we can organize
to overcome oppression -
15:31 - 15:34by opening our hearts,
-
15:34 - 15:40as well as strengthening
this incredible resolve. -
15:40 - 15:43And this open-heartedness is exactly
-
15:43 - 15:46what I've experienced
in the entire organization -
15:46 - 15:49of this gathering,
since I got here yesterday. -
15:49 - 15:51Thank you.
-
15:51 - 15:54(Applause)
- Title:
- How do I deal with a bully, without becoming a thug? | Scilla Elworthy | TEDxExeter
- Description:
-
In this wise and soulful talk, peace activist Scilla Elworthy maps out the skills we need -- as nations and individuals -- to fight extreme force without using force in return. To answer the question of why and how non-violence works, she evokes historical heroes -- Aung San Suu Kyi, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela -- and the personal philosophies that powered their peaceful protests.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 15:59
Leonardo Silva
This is just a note for the reviewer: this transcript is in British spelling.
Please see if you can hear what the speaker says at 0:48 - 0:54 (the last word/words): "or on the streets of Syria today
facing tanks and [...]".
Thanks.
Masako Kigami
Dear Leonardo,
Nice to see you again! (Is it OK to use on the Internet?)
I reviewed because I found your name.
Please check with a comparison list where I changed, only two parts.
I hope my correction is correct.
Best regards,
Masako Kigami
Leonardo Silva
Hi Masako,
Nice to see you again too. (That's OK to use it online, I guess. ;) )
Thanks for reviewing this transcript and for sending it back to me. It was great, because I added the description (it was missing), and got to figure out the word "shrapnel" at 0:48 - 0:54. ;)
The only thing I needed change back is "Bandi", at 9:15 - 9:18 (..."as Bandi just said -- miles away"), because she's referring to one of the previous speakers at the same TEDxExeter event: http://tedxexeter.com/2012/09/20/bandi-mbubi-on-ted-com/
Now, I'm sending it back to you, so that you can finish your review and submit it for approval, if you agree with the edits.
Best regards!
Masako Kigami
Hi, Leonardo,
Thank you for your reply.
I didn’t know the word of shrapnel. It’s really good opportunity to study!
After you explained me, I can hear Bandi.
Best regards,
Masako