BBC Science Club - Physics
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0:05 - 0:11The story of physics is, for the most part,
a tale of ever-increasing confidence. -
0:11 - 0:20For 300 years, physics was all about observing
and measuring —finding out how stuff works. -
0:20 - 0:24In the early 1600s, an Italian got the ball
rolling, by measuring and observing -
0:24 - 0:26balls rolling.
-
0:26 - 0:31Galileo, also timed pendulus, and dropped
different-sized objects -
0:31 - 0:34off the leaning tower of Pisa
to see what would happen. -
0:34 - 0:38And, despite upsetting the Pope —his ideas
had apparently made God very crossed—, -
0:38 - 0:44Galileo's work became the rock on which
modern physics is founded. -
0:45 - 0:50Later, free from angry Popes, Isaac Newton
moved things on by abandoning balls -
0:50 - 0:52and embracing apples.
-
0:52 - 0:58Why, he wondered, did they always fall
downwards? Not sideways, or up. -
0:58 - 1:04By 1687, he had an answer; it was a force
called gravity, which worked on balls -
1:04 - 1:09and apples. And planets, holding them in
nice predictable orbits around the sun. -
1:11 - 1:15In the 1800s, James Clerk Maxwell cast his
eye over more mysteries. -
1:15 - 1:19He showed how electricity and magnetism
are related, and can be combined as -
1:19 - 1:25one force: electromagnetism. And that light
had electric and magnetic parts, -
1:25 - 1:28and traveled in waves, like water.
-
1:29 - 1:33Physics was now on a roll.
New discoveries built on earlier ones, -
1:33 - 1:39and some even had practical uses: Newton's
laws predicted the existence of Neptune; -
1:39 - 1:45Maxwell's work gave us radio and tv, and
there's nothing much more useful than that. -
1:45 - 1:48Physicists seemed to have mastered the
universe; -
1:48 - 1:52all that was left was to plug a few
remaining holes. -
1:52 - 1:57But, by 1900, the holes were getting bigger.
The latests discoveries didn't build on -
1:57 - 2:05the old ones. Things like X-Rays and radioactivity
were just plain weird, and in a bad way. -
2:05 - 2:10All was not well in the world of physics.
Top scientist Lord Kelvin saw dark clouds -
2:10 - 2:12hanging over the subject.
-
2:12 - 2:19Then, in 1905, a Swiss patent clerk started
a full-on storm. -
2:20 - 2:2526-year-old Albert Einstein tore up the
script. First, he claimed that light is -
2:25 - 2:31a kind of wave, but also comes in packets,
or particles. In the same year, he published -
2:31 - 2:38his famous equation: E = mc^2. It says that
mass and energy are equivalent. -
2:38 - 2:42And if that wasn't shocking enough, he
released the mind-blowing results of a -
2:42 - 2:44thought experiment. So, hold on to
your heads. -
2:44 - 2:49It starts with the assumption that the speed
of light in a vacuum is constant. -
2:49 - 2:54Now, imagine that someone watches a spaceship
flying very fast. What they would see -
2:54 - 2:59is the ship's clocks running slower than their
own watch; and the ship will actually -
2:59 - 3:01shrink in size.
-
3:01 - 3:05But, for the astronauts inside, all would be
normal. -
3:05 - 3:09Einstein said that time and space can
change. They are relative depending -
3:09 - 3:15on who's observing them.
This is special relativity. -
3:15 - 3:17Now, special it might have been, but it
wasn't enough. -
3:17 - 3:22Albert had only just started. Next he showed
how balls and apples weren't -
3:22 - 3:27the only things subject to gravity.
Light, time, and space were also affected. -
3:27 - 3:34Gravity slows down time, and it warps space.
The stronger it is, the more space is warped -
3:34 - 3:40and the more light is bent. Einstein called
this "general relativity." -
3:40 - 3:46His ideas shattered traditional physics.
He'd opened the door onto the weird world -
3:46 - 3:52of the quantum, where cats can both be alive
and dead, where good plays dice, -
3:52 - 3:54and where everything is uncertain.
-
3:54 - 3:57His famous equation lead to nuclear energy.
-
3:57 - 4:02Without special relativity the Large Hadron
Collider would be pointless. -
4:02 - 4:09General relativity predicted both black holes
and the Big Bang, an idea now endorsed -
4:09 - 4:11by both Church and science.
-
4:11 -Galileo would have been pleased.
Well done, Albert.
- Title:
- BBC Science Club - Physics
- Description:
-
Physics - Short animation, which was part of the Science Club series on BBC2 hosted by Dara O Briain,
© BBCDirected by: Åsa Lucander @ 12foot6
Produced by: 12foot6
Art&Design: Åsa Lucander
Additional Art: Marc Moynihan
Stop Motion & Compositing: Julia Bartl
Animation: Kim Alexander, Marc Moynihan, Anna Fyda, Barry Evans, Lucy Izzard, Simon Testro, Phoebe Halstead, Michael Towers
Sound: Laura Coates - Video Language:
- English, British
Marcos Pérez Sánchez edited English subtitles for BBC Science Club - Physics | ||
Marcos Pérez Sánchez edited English subtitles for BBC Science Club - Physics |