What are stem cells? - Craig A. Kohn
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Not SyncedImagine two people are listening to music.
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Not SyncedWhat are the odds
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Not Syncedthat they are listening
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Not Syncedto the exact same playlist?
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Not SyncedProbably pretty low.
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Not SyncedAfter all, everyone has very different tastes in music.
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Not SyncedNow, what are the odds
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Not Syncedthat your body will need
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Not Syncedthe exact same medical care and treatment
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Not Syncedas another person's body?
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Not SyncedEven lower.
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Not SyncedAs we go through our lives,
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Not Syncedeach of us will have very different needs
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Not Syncedfor our own health care.
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Not SyncedScientists and doctors are constantly researching ways
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Not Syncedto make medicine more personalized.
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Not SyncedOne way they are doing this
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Not Syncedis by researching stem cells.
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Not SyncedStem cells are cells that are undifferentiated,
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Not Syncedmeaning they do not have a specific job or function.
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Not SyncedWhile skin cells protect your body,
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Not Syncedmuscle cells contract,
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Not Syncedand nerve cells send signals,
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Not Syncedstem cells do not have any specific structures or functions.
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Not SyncedStem cells do have the potential
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Not Syncedto become all other kinds of cells in your body.
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Not SyncedYour body uses stem cells
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Not Syncedto replace worn-out cells when they die.
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Not SyncedFor example, you completely replace
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Not Syncedthe lining of your intestines every four days.
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Not SyncedStem cells below the lining of your intestines
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Not Syncedreplace these cells as they wear out.
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Not SyncedScientists hope that stem cells can be used
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Not Syncedto create a very special kind of personalized medicine
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Not Syncedin which we could replace your own body parts
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Not Syncedwith, well, your own body parts.
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Not SyncedStem cell researchers are working hard
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Not Syncedto find ways in which to use stem cells
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Not Syncedto create new tissue
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Not Syncedto replace the parts of organs
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Not Syncedthat are damaged by injury or disease.
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Not SyncedUsing stem cells to replace damaged bodily tissue
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Not Syncedis called regenerative medicine.
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Not SyncedFor example, scientists currently use stem cells
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Not Syncedto treat patients with blood diseases
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Not Syncedsuch as leukemia.
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Not SyncedLeukemia is a form of cancer that affects your bone marrow.
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Not SyncedBone marrow is the spongy tissue inside your bones
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Not Syncedwhere your blood cells are created.
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Not SyncedIn leukemia, some of the cells inside your bone marrow
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Not Syncedgrow uncontrollably, crowding out the healthy stem cells
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Not Syncedthat form your blood cells.
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Not SyncedSome leukemia patients can receive
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Not Synceda stem cell transplant.
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Not SyncedThese new stem cells will create
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Not Syncedthe blood cells needed by the patient's body.
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Not SyncedThere are actually multiple kinds of stem cells
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Not Syncedthat scientists can use for medical treatments and research.
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Not SyncedAdult stem cells or tissue-specific stem cells
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Not Syncedare found in small numbers in most of your body's tissues.
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Not SyncedTissue-specific stem cells replace
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Not Syncedthe existing cells in your organs
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Not Syncedas they wear out and die.
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Not SyncedEmbryonic stem cells are created
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Not Syncedfrom leftover embryos that are willingly donated
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Not Syncedby patients from fertility clinics.
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Not SyncedUnlike tissue-specific stem cells,
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Not Syncedembryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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Not SyncedThis means that they can be grown
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Not Syncedinto any kind of tissue in the body.
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Not SyncedA third kind of stem cells
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Not Syncedis called induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Not SyncedThese are regular skin, fat, liver, or other cells
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Not Syncedthat scientists have changed to behave
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Not Syncedlike embryonic stem cells.
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Not SyncedLike embryonic stem cells,
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Not Syncedthey, too, can become any kind of cell in the body.
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Not SyncedWhile scientists and doctors hope to use
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Not Syncedall these kinds of stem cells
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Not Syncedto create new tissue to heal your body,
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Not Syncedthey can also use stem cells
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Not Syncedto help understand how the body works.
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Not SyncedScientists can watch stem cells develop
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Not Syncedinto tissue to understand the mechnanisms
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Not Syncedthat the body uses to create new tissue
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Not Syncedin a controlled and regulated way.
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Not SyncedScientists hope that with more research,
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Not Syncedthey can not only develop specialized medicine
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Not Syncedthat is specific to your body,
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Not Syncedbut also better understand
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Not Syncedhow your body functions,
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Not Syncedboth when it's healthy
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Not Syncedand when it's not.
- Title:
- What are stem cells? - Craig A. Kohn
- Speaker:
- Craig A. Kohn
- Description:
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-are-stem-cells-craig-a-kohn
Is personalized medicine for individual bodies in our future? Possibly -- with the use of stem cells, undifferentiated cells with the power to become any tissue in our bodies. Craig A. Kohn describes the role of these incredible, transforming cells and how scientists are harnessing their medical potential.
Lesson by Craig A. Kohn, animation by Qa'ed Mai.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:11
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Andrea McDonough edited English subtitles for What are stem cells? |