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There's a quote usually attributed
to the writer Mark Twain that goes,
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"A lie can travel
half way around the world
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while the truth is putting on its shoes."
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Funny thing about that.
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There's reason to doubt
that Mark Twain ever said this at all,
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thus, ironically, proving the point.
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And today, the quote, whoever said it,
is truer than ever before.
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In previous decades,
most media with global reach
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consisted of several
major newspapers and networks
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which had the resources
to gather information directly.
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Outlets like Reuters
and the Associated Press
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that aggregate or rereport stories
were relatively rare compared to today.
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The speed with which
information spreads now
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has created the ideal conditions for
a phenomenon known as circular reporting.
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This is when publication A
publishes misinformation,
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Publication B reprints it,
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and publication A then cites B
as the source for the information.
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It's also considered a form
of circular reporting
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when multiple publications report
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on the same initial piece
of false information,
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which then appears to another author as
having been verified by multiple sources.
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For instance