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Eric Hirshberg: So I assume that Norman
doesn't need much of an introduction,
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but TED's audience is global --
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it's diverse --
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so I've been tasked
with starting with his bio,
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which could easily take up
the entire 18 minutes,
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so instead we're going to do
93 years in 93 seconds or less.
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You were born in New Hampshire.
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Norman Lear: New Haven, Connecticut.
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EH: New Haven, Connecticut.
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(Laughter)
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NL: There goes [70] seconds.
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EH: Nailed it.
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(Laughter)
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You were born in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Your father was a con man,
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I got that right.
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He was taken away to prison
when you were nine years old.
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You flew 52 missions
as a fighter pilot in World War II.
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You came back to --
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NL: Radio operator.
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EH: You came to LA
to break into Hollywood,
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first in publicity, then in TV.
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You had no training as a writer, formally,
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but you hustled your way in.
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Your breakthrough --
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your debut --
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was a little show
called All in the Family.
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You follow that up with a string of hits
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that to this day is unmatched
in Hollywood:
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Sanford and Son,
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Maude,
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Good Times,
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The Jeffersons,
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One Day at a Time,
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Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman,
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to name literally a fraction of them.
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Not only are they all commercially --
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(Applause)
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Not only are they all
commercially successful,
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but many of them push our culture forward
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by giving the underrepresented
members of society
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their first prime-time voice.
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You have seven shows
in the top 10 at one time.
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At one point,
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you aggregate an audience of 120
million people per week,
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watching your content.
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That's more than the audience
for Super Bowl 50
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which happens once a year.
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NL: Holy shit.
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(Laughter)
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EH: And we're not even
to the holy shit part.
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(Laughter)
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You land yourself
on Richard Nixon's enemies list --
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he had one.
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You're --
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That's an applause line, too.
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(Applause)
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You're inducted into the TV Hall of Fame
on the first day that it exists,
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then came the movies.
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Fried Green Tomatoes,
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The Princess Bride,
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Stand By Me,
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This is Spinal Tap.
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(Applause)
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Again, just to name a fraction.
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Then you wipe the slate clean --
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start a third act as a political activist
focusing on protecting the first amendment
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and the separation of church and state.
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You start People For The American Way;
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you buy the Declaration of Independence
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and give it back to the people;
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you stay active in both entertainment
and politics until the ripe of age of 93,
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when you write a book
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and make a documentary
about your life story.
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And after all that,
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they finally think you're
ready for a TED Talk.
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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NL: I love being here.
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And I love you for agreeing to do this.
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EH: Thank you for asking.
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It's my honor.
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So here's my first question.
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Was your mother proud of you?
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(Laughter)
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NL: My mother ...
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what a place to start.
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Let me put it this way,
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when I came back from the war,
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she showed me the letters
that I had written her from overseas,
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and they were absolute love letters.
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This really sums up my mother.
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They were love letters,
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as if I had written them to --
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they were love letters.
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A year later I asked my mother
if I could have them
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because I'd like to keep them
all the years of my life ...
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she had thrown them away.
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(Laughter)
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That's my mother.
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(Laughter)
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The best way I can sum it up
in more recent time is --
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this is also more recent times --
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a number of years ago,
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when they started the Hall of Fame
to which you referred,
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it was a Sunday morning
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when I got a call from the fellow who ran
the TV Academy of Arts and Sciences,
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he was calling me to tell me
they had met all day yesterday
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and he was confidentially telling me
they were going to start a hall of fame
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and these were the inductees.
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I started to say Richard Nixon
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because Richard Nixon --
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EH: I don't think he was on their list.
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NL: William Paley who started CBS,
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David Sarnoff who started NBC,
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Edward R. Morrow,
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the greatest of the foreign
correspondents,
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Patty Chayefsky --
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I think the best writer
that ever came out of television --
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Milton Berle,
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Lucille Ball
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and me.
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EH: Not bad.
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NL: I call my mother immediately
in Hartford, Connecticut.
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"Mom, this is what's happened,
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they're starting a hall of fame,"
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I tell her the list of names and me,
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and she says,
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"Listen, if that's what they
want to do, who am I to say?"
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(Laughter)
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(Applause)
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NL: So that's ...
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that's my Ma --
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I think it earns that kind of a laugh
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because everybody
has a piece of that mother.
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(Laughter)
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EH: And the sitcom Jewish mother
is born right there.
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So your father also played
a large role in your life,
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mostly by his absence.
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Tell us what happened when
you were nine years old.
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NL: He was ...
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he was flying to Oklahoma
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with three guys that my mother said,
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"Don't --
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I don't want you to have anything
to do with them,
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I don't trust those men."
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That's when I heard,
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maybe not for the first time,
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"Stifle yourself, Jeanette, I'm going."
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And he went.
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It turns out he was selling --
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picking up some fake bonds,
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which he was flying
across the country to sell.
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But the fact that he was
going to Oklahoma in a plane,
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and he was going to bring me
back a 10-gallon hat,
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just like Ken Maynard,
my favorite cowboy wore.
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You know this was a few years after
Lindburgh crossed the atlantic--
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I mean it was exotic
that my father was going there.
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But when he came back,
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they arrested him as he got off the plane.
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That night newspapers
were all over the house,
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my father was with his hat
in front of his face,
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[manicled] to a detector.
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and my mother was selling the furniture
because we were leaving --
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she couldn't afford --
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she didn't want to stay
in that state of shame,
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in Chelsea, Massachussetts.
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And selling the furniture,
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the house was loaded with people,
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and in the middle of all of that,
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some strange horse's ass
put his hand on my shoulder and said,
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"Well, you're the man of the house now."
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I'm crying and this asshole says
"You're the man of the house now,"
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and I think that was the moment
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I began to understand the foolishness
of the human condition.
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So ...
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it took a lot of years to look back at it
and feel it was a benefit,
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but --
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EH: Well it's interesting
you call it a benefit.
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Listening to you --
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NL: Benefit in that it gave
me that springboard.
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I mean that I could think
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how foolish it was to say
to this crying nine year old boy,
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"you're the man of the house now."
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And then I was crying and then he said,
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"And men of the house don't cry."
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And I ...
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(Laughter)
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So ...
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I look back and I think
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that's when I learned
the foolishness of the human condition,
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and it's been that gift that I've used.
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EH: So you have father who's absent,
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you have a mother for whom
apparently nothing is good enough.
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Do you think that starting out as a kid
who maybe never felt heard
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started you down a journey
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that ended with you being an adult
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with a weekly audience
of 120 million people?
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NL: I love the way you put that question.
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Because I guess I spent my life wanting --
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if anything, wanting to be heard.
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I think ...
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it's a simple answer,
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yes,
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that was what sparked --
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there's are other things, too.
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When my father was away,
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I was fooling with a crystal radio set
that we had made together,
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and I caught a signal that turned
out to be Father Coughlin on --
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yes, somebody laughed.
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(Laughter)
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But not funny,
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this was a horse's--
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not a horse's ass --
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he was very vocal
about hating the New Deal
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and Roosevelt and Jews.
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First time I ran into an understanding
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that there were people
in this world that hated me
-
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because I was born to Jewish parents.
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And that had an enormous
effect on my life.
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EH: So you had a childhood
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with little in the way of strong
male role models,
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except for your grandfather.
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Tell us about him.
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NL: Oh, my grandfather.
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Well he was the way I always talked about,
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that grandfather.
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There were parades,
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lots of parades when I was a kid.
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There were parades on Veteran's Day,
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on President's --
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there wasn't a President's Day.
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There was for Abraham Lincoln's birthday,
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George Washington's birthday
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and Flag Day,
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and lots of little parades.
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My grandfather used to take me,
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we'd stand on the street corner,
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he'd hold my hand
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and I look up and I'd see a tear
running down his eye.
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And he meant a great deal to me.
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And he used to write Presidents
of the United States,
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every President --
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every letter started,
-
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"My dearest, darling Mr. President,"
-
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and he'd tell him something
wonderful about what he did.
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But when he disagreed
with the President he also wrote,
-
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"My dearest, darling Mr. President,
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didn't I tell you last week...?"
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(Laughter)
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And I would run down the stairs
every now and then
-
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and pick up the mail --
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we were three flights up,
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74 York Street, New Haven, Connecticut --
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and I'd pick up a little white envelope
reading, "Shia C. called at this address,"
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and that's the story I have told
about my grandfather --
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EH: They wrote him back
on the envelopes --
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NL: They wrote back.
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But I have shown them myself,
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going way back to Phil Donahue
and others before him,
-
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dozens --
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literally --
-
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of interviews in which I told that story.
-
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This will be the second time I have said
the whole story was a lie.
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The truth was my grandfather
took me to parades,
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we had lots of those.
-
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The truth is a tear came down his eye.
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The truth is he would write
and occasional letter
-
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and I did pick up those little envelopes.
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But, "My dearest darling Mr. President",
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all the rest of it,
-
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is a story I borrowed from a good friend
whose grandfather was that grandfather,
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who wrote those letters.
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And I mean, I stole Arthur
Marshall's grandfather
-
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and made him my own.
-
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Always.
-
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When I started to write my memoir --
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even this, how about that?
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Even this I get to experience.
-
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When I started to write the memoir
-
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and I started to think about it,
-
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and then I ...
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I did a reasonable amount of crying
-
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and I realized how much
I needed the father,
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so much so that I appropriated
Arthur Marshall's grandfather.
-
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So much so,
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the word "father" --
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I have six kids by the way,
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my favorite role in life,
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and husband to my wife Lynn --
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but I stole the man's identity
because I needed the father.
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Now I've gone through a whole lot of shit
-
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and come out on the other side,
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and I actually --
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the best thing --
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the worst thing --
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word I'd like to use about him
and think about him is rascal.
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The fact that he lied
and stole and cheated,
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and went to prison ...
-
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I submerge that in the word "rascal".
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EH: Well there's a saying that amatuers
borrow and professionals steal.
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NL: I'm a pro.
-
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(Laughter)
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EH: And that quote is widely
attributed to John Lennon,
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but it turns out he
stole it from T.S. Eliot.
-
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So you're in good company.
-
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(Laughter)
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EH: I want to talk about your work.
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Obviously the impact of your work
has been written about
-
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and I'm sure you've
heard about it all your life:
-
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what it meant to people,
-
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what it meant to your culture,
-
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you heard the applause when I just
named the names of the shows,
-
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you raised half the people
in the room through your work.
-
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But have there ever been any stories
about the impact of your work
-
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that surprised you?
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NL: Oh, god --
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surprised me and delighted me
from head to toe.
-
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There was an evening wtih Norman Lear
within the last year
-
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that a group of Hip-Hop
impressarios and performers,
-
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and the Academy
-
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put together.
-
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The subtext of "An Evening With ..."
-
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was "what do a 92-year-old Jew" --
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then 92 --
-
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"and the world of Hip-Hop
have in common?"
-
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Russel Simmons was among seven on stage.
-
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And when he talked about the shows,
-
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he wasn't talking about the Hollywood
George Jeffereson in the Jeffersons
-
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or the show that was
the "Number Five" show
-
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or the --
-
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he was talking about a simple thing
that made a big --
-
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EH: Impact on him?
-
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NL: An impact on him --
-
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I was hesitating over the word, "change."
-
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It's hard for me to imagine,
-
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you know, changing somebody's life,
-
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but that's how he put it.
-
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He saw George Jefferson
write a check on The Jeffersons,
-
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and he never knew that a Black man
could write a check.
-
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And he says it just
impacted his life so --
-
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it changed his life.
-
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And when I hear things like that --
-
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little things --
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because I know that there isn't
anybody in this audience
-
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that wasn't likely responsible today for
some little thing they did for somebody,
-
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as little as a smile
or an unexpected "hello,"
-
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that's how little this thing was.
-
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It could have been the dresser of the set
-
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who put the checkbook on the thing
-
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and George had nothing to do while
he was speaking so he wrote it,
-
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I don't know.
-
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But --
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EH: So in addition to the long list
I shared in the beginning,
-
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I should have also mentioned
that you invented Hip-Hop.
-
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(Laughter)
-
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NL: Well --
-
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EH: I want to talk about --
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NL: Well, then do it.
-
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(Laughter)