Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war
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0:02 - 0:05I worked as a war reporter for 15 years
-
0:05 - 0:09before I realized
that I really had a problem. -
0:09 - 0:11There was something really wrong with me.
-
0:11 - 0:15This was about a year before 9/11,
and America wasn't at war yet. -
0:15 - 0:18We weren't talking about PTSD.
-
0:18 - 0:22We were not yet talking
about the effect of trauma and war -
0:22 - 0:24on the human psyche.
-
0:25 - 0:27I'd been in Afghanistan
for a couple of months -
0:27 - 0:30with the Northern Alliance
as they were fighting the Taliban. -
0:30 - 0:33And at that point the Taliban
had an air force, -
0:33 - 0:37they had fighter planes,
they had tanks, they had artillery, -
0:37 - 0:40and we really got hammered
pretty badly a couple of times. -
0:40 - 0:42We saw some very ugly things.
-
0:43 - 0:45But I didn't really think it affected me.
-
0:45 - 0:47I didn't think much about it.
-
0:47 - 0:49I came home to New York, where I live.
-
0:49 - 0:52Then one day I went down into the subway,
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0:52 - 0:55and for the first time in my life,
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0:55 - 0:57I knew real fear.
-
0:57 - 0:59I had a massive panic attack.
-
1:00 - 1:03I was way more scared
than I had ever been in Afghanistan. -
1:04 - 1:07Everything I was looking at seemed like
it was going to kill me, -
1:08 - 1:10but I couldn't explain why.
-
1:10 - 1:12The trains were going too fast.
-
1:12 - 1:13There were too many people.
-
1:13 - 1:15The lights were too bright.
-
1:15 - 1:18Everything was too loud,
everything was moving too quickly. -
1:18 - 1:21I backed up against a support column
and just waited for it. -
1:23 - 1:26When I couldn't take it any longer,
I ran out of the subway station -
1:26 - 1:28and walked wherever I was going.
-
1:30 - 1:34Later, I found out that what I had
was short-term PTSD: -
1:34 - 1:36post-traumatic stress disorder.
-
1:37 - 1:40We evolved as animals, as primates,
to survive periods of danger, -
1:40 - 1:43and if your life has been in danger,
-
1:43 - 1:46you want to react to unfamiliar noises.
-
1:47 - 1:50You want to sleep lightly, wake up easily.
-
1:50 - 1:52You want to have nightmares and flashbacks
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1:52 - 1:54of the thing that could kill you.
-
1:55 - 1:58You want to be angry because it makes you
predisposed to fight, -
1:58 - 2:01or depressed, because it keeps you out
of circulation a little bit. -
2:02 - 2:03Keeps you safe.
-
2:04 - 2:06It's not very pleasant,
but it's better than getting eaten. -
2:08 - 2:11Most people recover
from that pretty quickly. -
2:11 - 2:13It takes a few weeks, a few months.
-
2:13 - 2:16I kept having panic attacks,
but they eventually went away. -
2:16 - 2:19I had no idea it was connected
to the war that I'd seen. -
2:19 - 2:20I just thought I was going crazy,
-
2:20 - 2:24and then I thought, well,
now I'm not going crazy anymore. -
2:25 - 2:28About 20 percent of people, however,
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2:28 - 2:31wind up with chronic, long-term PTSD.
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2:31 - 2:34They are not adapted to temporary danger.
-
2:34 - 2:36They are maladapted for everyday life,
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2:36 - 2:38unless they get help.
-
2:38 - 2:42We know that the people
who are vulnerable to long-term PTSD -
2:42 - 2:44are people who were abused as children,
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2:44 - 2:46who suffered trauma as children,
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2:46 - 2:49people who have low education levels,
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2:49 - 2:51people who have psychiatric
disorders in their family. -
2:51 - 2:53If you served in Vietnam
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2:53 - 2:55and your brother is schizophrenic,
-
2:55 - 2:59you're way more likely to get
long-term PTSD from Vietnam. -
3:01 - 3:03So I started to study this
as a journalist, -
3:04 - 3:07and I realized that there was something
really strange going on. -
3:07 - 3:10The numbers seemed to be going
in the wrong direction. -
3:11 - 3:13Every war that we have
fought as a country, -
3:13 - 3:15starting with the Civil War,
-
3:15 - 3:18the intensity of the combat has gone down.
-
3:19 - 3:22As a result, the casualty rates
have gone down. -
3:23 - 3:25But disability rates have gone up.
-
3:25 - 3:27They should be going
in the same direction, -
3:28 - 3:30but they're going in different directions.
-
3:32 - 3:37The recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan
have produced, thank God, -
3:37 - 3:42a casualty rate about one third
of what it was in Vietnam. -
3:44 - 3:46But they've also created --
-
3:47 - 3:50they've also produced
three times the disability rates. -
3:52 - 3:57Around 10 percent of the US military
is actively engaged in combat, -
3:58 - 4:0010 percent or under.
-
4:00 - 4:02They're shooting at people,
killing people, -
4:02 - 4:04getting shot at,
seeing their friends get killed. -
4:04 - 4:06It's incredibly traumatic.
-
4:06 - 4:09But it's only about 10 percent
of our military. -
4:09 - 4:11But about half of our military has filed
-
4:11 - 4:15for some kind of PTSD compensation
from the government. -
4:17 - 4:22And suicide doesn't even fit into this
in a very logical way. -
4:22 - 4:28We've all heard the tragic statistic
of 22 vets a day, on average, -
4:28 - 4:31in this country, killing themselves.
-
4:32 - 4:33Most people don't realize
-
4:33 - 4:39that the majority of those suicides
are veterans of the Vietnam War, -
4:39 - 4:41that generation,
-
4:41 - 4:45and their decision to take their own lives
actually might not be related -
4:45 - 4:48to the war they fought 50 years earlier.
-
4:49 - 4:53In fact, there's no statistical connection
between combat and suicide. -
4:53 - 4:56If you're in the military
and you're in a lot of combat, -
4:56 - 4:59you're no more likely to kill yourself
than if you weren't. -
5:00 - 5:01In fact, one study found
-
5:01 - 5:03that if you deploy to Iraq or Afghanistan,
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5:03 - 5:06you're actually slightly less likely
to commit suicide later. -
5:09 - 5:11I studied anthropology in college.
-
5:11 - 5:14I did my fieldwork
on the Navajo reservation. -
5:14 - 5:17I wrote a thesis on Navajo
long-distance runners. -
5:18 - 5:22And recently, while
I was researching PTSD, -
5:24 - 5:26I had this thought.
-
5:26 - 5:29I thought back to the work
I did when I was young, -
5:29 - 5:33and I thought, I bet the Navajo,
the Apache, the Comanche -- -
5:34 - 5:36I mean, these are very warlike nations --
-
5:36 - 5:40I bet they weren't getting
PTSD like we do. -
5:41 - 5:44When their warriors came back
from fighting the US military -
5:44 - 5:45or fighting each other,
-
5:46 - 5:50I bet they pretty much just slipped
right back into tribal life. -
5:52 - 5:54And maybe what determines
-
5:54 - 5:57the rate of long-term PTSD
-
5:57 - 5:59isn't what happened out there,
-
6:00 - 6:02but the kind of society you come back to.
-
6:03 - 6:08And maybe if you come back
to a close, cohesive, tribal society, -
6:09 - 6:11you can get over trauma pretty quickly.
-
6:12 - 6:16And if you come back
to an alienating, modern society, -
6:17 - 6:20you might remain traumatized
your entire life. -
6:20 - 6:23In other words, maybe the problem
isn't them, the vets; -
6:23 - 6:25maybe the problem is us.
-
6:27 - 6:32Certainly, modern society
is hard on the human psyche -
6:33 - 6:35by every metric that we have.
-
6:37 - 6:39As wealth goes up in a society,
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6:42 - 6:45the suicide rate goes up instead of down.
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6:46 - 6:48If you live in modern society,
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6:48 - 6:50you're up to eight times more likely
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6:52 - 6:55to suffer from depression in your lifetime
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6:55 - 6:58than if you live in a poor,
agrarian society. -
6:59 - 7:03Modern society has probably produced
the highest rates of suicide -
7:03 - 7:06and depression and anxiety
and loneliness and child abuse -
7:06 - 7:08ever in human history.
-
7:09 - 7:10I saw one study
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7:10 - 7:13that compared women in Nigeria,
-
7:13 - 7:16one of the most chaotic
and violent and corrupt -
7:17 - 7:19and poorest countries in Africa,
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7:19 - 7:21to women in North America.
-
7:21 - 7:26And the highest rates of depression
were urban women in North America. -
7:26 - 7:28That was also the wealthiest group.
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7:29 - 7:32So let's go back to the US military.
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7:33 - 7:36Ten percent are in combat.
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7:36 - 7:40Around 50 percent have filed
for PTSD compensation. -
7:42 - 7:47So about 40 percent of veterans
really were not traumatized overseas -
7:48 - 7:52but have come home to discover
they are dangerously alienated -
7:53 - 7:54and depressed.
-
7:56 - 7:59So what is happening with them?
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7:59 - 8:01What's going on with those people,
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8:02 - 8:07the phantom 40 percent that are troubled
but don't understand why? -
8:07 - 8:08Maybe it's this:
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8:08 - 8:13maybe they had an experience
of sort of tribal closeness -
8:13 - 8:15in their unit when they were overseas.
-
8:16 - 8:19They were eating together,
sleeping together, -
8:19 - 8:21doing tasks and missions together.
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8:21 - 8:24They were trusting each other
with their lives. -
8:25 - 8:27And then they come home
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8:27 - 8:29and they have to give all that up
-
8:30 - 8:34and they're coming back
to a society, a modern society, -
8:34 - 8:37which is hard on people
who weren't even in the military. -
8:37 - 8:39It's just hard on everybody.
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8:39 - 8:43And we keep focusing on trauma, PTSD.
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8:45 - 8:46But for a lot of these people,
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8:47 - 8:49maybe it's not trauma.
-
8:49 - 8:51I mean, certainly,
soldiers are traumatized -
8:51 - 8:54and the ones who are
have to be treated for that. -
8:54 - 8:55But a lot of them --
-
8:55 - 8:58maybe what's bothering them
is actually a kind of alienation. -
8:58 - 9:01I mean, maybe we just have
the wrong word for some of it, -
9:01 - 9:04and just changing our language,
our understanding, -
9:04 - 9:05would help a little bit.
-
9:05 - 9:07"Post-deployment alienation disorder."
-
9:07 - 9:10Maybe even just calling it that
for some of these people -
9:12 - 9:14would allow them to stop imagining
-
9:14 - 9:17trying to imagine a trauma
that didn't really happen -
9:18 - 9:20in order to explain a feeling
that really is happening. -
9:21 - 9:23And in fact, it's an extremely
dangerous feeling. -
9:23 - 9:26That alienation and depression
can lead to suicide. -
9:26 - 9:28These people are in danger.
-
9:28 - 9:30It's very important to understand why.
-
9:31 - 9:35The Israeli military has a PTSD rate
of around one percent. -
9:36 - 9:41The theory is that everyone in Israel
is supposed to serve in the military. -
9:41 - 9:43When soldiers come back
from the front line, -
9:43 - 9:48they're not going from a military
environment to a civilian environment. -
9:49 - 9:52They're coming back to a community
where everyone understands -
9:54 - 9:55about the military.
-
9:55 - 9:57Everyone's been in it
or is going to be in it. -
9:57 - 9:59Everyone understands
the situation they're all in. -
9:59 - 10:02It's as if they're all in one big tribe.
-
10:02 - 10:04We know that if you take a lab rat
-
10:04 - 10:08and traumatize it and put it
in a cage by itself, -
10:08 - 10:11you can maintain its trauma symptoms
almost indefinitely. -
10:12 - 10:17And if you take that same lab rat
and put it in a cage with other rats, -
10:18 - 10:21after a couple of weeks,
it's pretty much OK. -
10:24 - 10:25After 9/11,
-
10:27 - 10:30the murder rate in New York City
went down by 40 percent. -
10:30 - 10:32The suicide rate went down.
-
10:33 - 10:37The violent crime rate in New York
went down after 9/11. -
10:37 - 10:43Even combat veterans of previous wars
who suffered from PTSD -
10:43 - 10:47said that their symptoms went down
after 9/11 happened. -
10:47 - 10:51The reason is that if you traumatize
an entire society, -
10:52 - 10:56we don't fall apart
and turn on one another. -
10:56 - 10:58We come together. We unify.
-
10:58 - 11:00Basically, we tribalize,
-
11:00 - 11:05and that process of unifying
feels so good and is so good for us, -
11:05 - 11:07that it even helps people
-
11:07 - 11:10who are struggling
with mental health issues. -
11:10 - 11:12During the blitz in London,
-
11:12 - 11:17admissions to psychiatric wards
went down during the bombings. -
11:19 - 11:22For a while, that was the kind of country
-
11:22 - 11:26that American soldiers came
back to -- a unified country. -
11:26 - 11:28We were sticking together.
-
11:28 - 11:30We were trying to understand
the threat against us. -
11:30 - 11:34We were trying to help
ourselves and the world. -
11:36 - 11:37But that's changed.
-
11:38 - 11:41Now, American soldiers,
-
11:41 - 11:45American veterans are coming back
to a country that is so bitterly divided -
11:46 - 11:49that the two political parties
are literally accusing each other -
11:51 - 11:54of treason, of being
an enemy of the state, -
11:54 - 11:59of trying to undermine the security
and the welfare of their own country. -
11:59 - 12:03The gap between rich and poor
is the biggest it's ever been. -
12:03 - 12:04It's just getting worse.
-
12:04 - 12:07Race relations are terrible.
-
12:07 - 12:10There are demonstrations
and even riots in the streets -
12:10 - 12:12because of racial injustice.
-
12:13 - 12:17And veterans know that any tribe
that treated itself that way -- in fact, -
12:17 - 12:22any platoon that treated itself
that way -- would never survive. -
12:23 - 12:25We've gotten used to it.
-
12:25 - 12:29Veterans have gone away
and are coming back -
12:29 - 12:33and seeing their own country
with fresh eyes. -
12:33 - 12:35And they see what's going on.
-
12:36 - 12:38This is the country they fought for.
-
12:38 - 12:40No wonder they're depressed.
-
12:40 - 12:42No wonder they're scared.
-
12:43 - 12:47Sometimes, we ask ourselves
if we can save the vets. -
12:48 - 12:51I think the real question
is if we can save ourselves. -
12:52 - 12:54If we can,
-
12:54 - 12:56I think the vets are going to be fine.
-
12:57 - 13:00It's time for this country to unite,
-
13:02 - 13:07if only to help the men and women
who fought to protect us. -
13:07 - 13:08Thank you very much.
-
13:08 - 13:15(Applause)
- Title:
- Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war
- Speaker:
- Sebastian Junger
- Description:
-
Sebastian Junger has seen war up close, and he knows the impact that battlefield trauma has on soldiers. But he suggests there's another major cause of pain for veterans when they come home: the experience of leaving the tribal closeness of the military and returning to an alienating and bitterly divided modern society. "Sometimes we ask ourselves if we can save the vets," Junger says. "I think the real question is if we can save ourselves."
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 13:28
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for Our lonely society makes it hard to come home from war |