Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew
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0:15 - 0:16Coral reefs are some of the most spectacular
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0:16 - 0:18ecosystems on the planet;
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0:18 - 0:19they are also some of the most vulnerable.
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0:19 - 0:21But, how can we protect the reefs
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0:21 - 0:23and the animals and plants who rely on them?
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0:23 - 0:26And how can we make sure our protected areas aren't hurting
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0:26 - 0:28the people who use the reefs to survive?
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0:28 - 0:29These are some of the big questions
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0:29 - 0:32facing marine conservation biologists today.
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0:32 - 0:33Let's take Fiji, for example.
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0:33 - 0:36Fiji is series of islands in the South Pacific Ocean.
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0:36 - 0:39To help balance the need for conservation and making a living,
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0:39 - 0:42scientists had suggested that instead of one big park,
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0:42 - 0:44which provides a lot of coverage for one reef system
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0:44 - 0:47while leaving the rest unprotected,
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0:47 - 0:49a better way is to create a system of protected areas
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0:49 - 0:51nested together like pearls on a string.
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0:51 - 0:54This idea is called connectivity,
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0:54 - 0:56and this way, scientists can protect lots of different habitats
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0:56 - 0:59while not excluding people from their traditional fishing grounds.
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0:59 - 1:03Now, the only way this string-of-pearls kind of reserve network is going to work
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1:03 - 1:05is if each park is connected to other parks.
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1:05 - 1:07There are two main benefits to this.
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1:07 - 1:09First of all, insurance.
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1:09 - 1:11If something bad happens to one park,
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1:11 - 1:11say an oil spill
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1:11 - 1:12or coral bleaching,
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1:12 - 1:15then because that park is part of a system,
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1:15 - 1:18it can be receded from other parks that escaped the event.
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1:18 - 1:20The second benefit is representation.
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1:20 - 1:21By conserving many different areas,
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1:21 - 1:25scientists ensure that lots of different habitats get protected.
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1:25 - 1:28This way, they can make sure all the different marine habitats in Fiji,
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1:28 - 1:29such as coral reefs,
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1:29 - 1:30man groves,
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1:30 - 1:31and seagrass beds,
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1:31 - 1:32are all represented.
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1:32 - 1:35This way we don't unduly settle any particular village
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1:35 - 1:37or group of people with the economic burden
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1:37 - 1:39of having their fishing grounds off limits.
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1:39 - 1:41By sharing the cost around the communities,
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1:41 - 1:44they can also share the benefits.
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1:44 - 1:46So if we agree that rather than one big park,
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1:46 - 1:48we should have lots of parks of different sizes
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1:48 - 1:49and covering different habitats,
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1:49 - 1:51then scientists need to make sure
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1:51 - 1:53that those smaller parks are connected,
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1:53 - 1:54because if they are not,
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1:54 - 1:56then they're probably not going to be self-sustaining.
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1:56 - 1:58But how do we know that?
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1:58 - 2:00That's where genetics and DNA come in.
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2:00 - 2:02By looking at how closely related the fish
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2:02 - 2:05in each one of these small reserves in Fiji are to each other,
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2:05 - 2:07scientists can figure out just how much migration
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2:07 - 2:10is going on among the reserves within the system.
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2:10 - 2:12Now it is important to look at a variety of different species
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2:12 - 2:13because their is no guarantee
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2:13 - 2:15that what's going on with these guys
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2:15 - 2:17is what's going on with these guys.
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2:17 - 2:19But if we look closely and at enough species,
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2:19 - 2:22we can see whether or not the necklace is working.
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2:22 - 2:24What scientists have found so far is that,
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2:24 - 2:26in general, there's a fair amount of connectivity
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2:26 - 2:28amongst the parks within Fiji.
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2:28 - 2:30But it's not just a big free-for-all;
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2:30 - 2:32rather, it seems that, for some species,
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2:32 - 2:35babies born in the far west are having a hard time
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2:35 - 2:37making it to the islands in the far east.
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2:37 - 2:38To help deal with that,
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2:38 - 2:39conservation biologists are suggesting
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2:39 - 2:42that there are enough parks in both the east and the west
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2:42 - 2:43to keep the populations healthy.
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2:43 - 2:45This isn't just in Fiji, either.
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2:45 - 2:48Lessons about reserve connectivity can help across the world
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2:48 - 2:50in places like Indonesia,
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2:50 - 2:51Papua New Guinea,
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2:51 - 2:52and The Bahamas.
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2:52 - 2:54Scientists are using a variety of tools
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2:54 - 2:56to help understand how individual parks
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2:56 - 2:57can function together
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2:57 - 3:00so that their sum is greater than their whole.
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3:00 - 3:02And this way, we can keep the beautiful necklace
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3:02 - 3:03that is our coral reefs intact.
- Title:
- Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew
- Description:
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/conserving-our-spectacular-vulnerable-coral-reefs-joshua-drew
How do coral reef conservationists balance the environmental needs of the reefs with locals who need the reefs to survive? Joshua Drew draws on the islands of Fiji and their exemplary system of protection, called "connectivity", which also keep the needs of fishermen in mind.
Lesson by Joshua Drew, animation by Veronica Wallenberg.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 03:15
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Emma Gon accepted English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Emma Gon edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Elisabeth Buffard edited English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Bedirhan Cinar approved English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew | ||
Bedirhan Cinar accepted English subtitles for Conserving our spectacular, vulnerable coral reefs - Joshua Drew |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 5/4/2016.