Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat
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0:01 - 0:04I want to start on a slightly somber note.
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0:04 - 0:07Two thousand and seven, five years ago,
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0:07 - 0:10my wife gets diagnosed with breast cancer,
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0:10 - 0:14stage IIB.
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0:14 - 0:16Now, looking back, the most harrowing
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0:16 - 0:17part of that experience
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0:17 - 0:19was not just the hospital visits --
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0:19 - 0:22these were very painful for my wife, understandably so.
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0:22 - 0:24It was not even the initial shock of knowing
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0:24 - 0:26that she had breast cancer, just 39 years old,
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0:26 - 0:30absolutely no history of cancer in her family.
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0:30 - 0:33The most horrifying and agonizing part
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0:33 - 0:36of the whole experience was we were making
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0:36 - 0:38decisions after decisions after decisions
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0:38 - 0:40that were being thrust upon us.
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0:40 - 0:43Should it be a mastectomy? Should it be a lumpectomy?
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0:43 - 0:45Should it be a more aggressive form of treatment,
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0:45 - 0:47given that it was stage IIB?
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0:47 - 0:49With all the side effects?
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0:49 - 0:52Or should it be a less aggressive form of treatment?
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0:52 - 0:54And these were being pressed upon us
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0:54 - 0:56by the doctors.
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0:56 - 0:58Now, you could ask this question,
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0:58 - 0:59why were the doctors doing this?
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0:59 - 1:01Now, a simplistic answer would be,
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1:01 - 1:05the doctors are doing this because they want to protect themselves legally.
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1:05 - 1:07I think that is too simplistic.
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1:07 - 1:09These are well-meaning doctors,
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1:09 - 1:11some of them have gone on to become very good friends.
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1:11 - 1:13They probably were simply following the wisdom
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1:13 - 1:17that has come down the ages, this adage that when you're making decisions,
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1:17 - 1:19especially decisions of importance,
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1:19 - 1:22it's best to be in charge, it's best to be in control,
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1:22 - 1:25it's best to be in the driver's seat.
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1:25 - 1:27And we were certainly in the driver's seat,
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1:27 - 1:29making all these decisions, and let me tell you,
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1:29 - 1:30if some of you had been there,
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1:30 - 1:34it was a most agonizing and harrowing experience.
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1:34 - 1:36Which got me thinking.
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1:36 - 1:37I said, is there any validity to
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1:37 - 1:41this whole adage that when you're making decisions,
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1:41 - 1:43it's best to take the driver's seat,
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1:43 - 1:45be in charge, be in control?
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1:45 - 1:48Or are there contexts where we're far better off
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1:48 - 1:51taking the passenger's seat and have someone else drive?
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1:51 - 1:53For example, a trusted financial advisor,
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1:53 - 1:56could be a trusted doctor, etc.
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1:56 - 1:58And since I study human decision making,
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1:58 - 2:01I said, I'm going to run some studies
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2:01 - 2:03to find some answers.
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2:03 - 2:05And I'm going to share one of these studies with you today.
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2:05 - 2:09So, imagine that all of you are participants in the study.
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2:09 - 2:12I want to tell you that what you're going to do in the study is
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2:12 - 2:15you're going to drink a cup of tea.
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2:15 - 2:19If you're wondering why, I'll tell you why in a few seconds from now.
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2:19 - 2:22You are going to solve a series of puzzles,
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2:22 - 2:26and I'm going to show you examples of these puzzles momentarily.
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2:26 - 2:27And the more puzzles you solve,
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2:27 - 2:31the greater the chances that you'll win some prizes.
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2:31 - 2:33Now, why do you have to consume the tea?
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2:33 - 2:34Why? Because it makes a lot of sense.
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2:34 - 2:37In order to solve these puzzles effectively,
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2:37 - 2:41if you think about it, your mind needs to be in two states simultaneously.
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2:41 - 2:44Right? It needs to be alert,
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2:44 - 2:47for which caffeine is very good.
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2:47 - 2:50Simultaneously, it needs to be calm.
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2:50 - 2:55Not agitated, calm. For which chamomile is very good.
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2:55 - 2:58Now comes the between-subjects design,
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2:58 - 3:00the AB design, the AB testing.
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3:00 - 3:01So what I'm going to do is randomly assign you
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3:01 - 3:03to one of two groups.
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3:03 - 3:06So imagine that there is an imaginary line out here,
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3:06 - 3:09so everyone here will be group A,
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3:09 - 3:12everyone out here will be group B.
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3:12 - 3:15Now, for you folks, what I'm going to do is
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3:15 - 3:17I'm going to show you these two teas,
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3:17 - 3:19and I'm asking you, I'll go ahead and ask you,
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3:19 - 3:22to choose your tea. So you can choose which of the two tea you want.
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3:22 - 3:24You can decide, what is your mental state:
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3:24 - 3:26Okay, I'm going to choose the caffeinated tea,
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3:26 - 3:27I'm going to choose the chamomile tea.
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3:27 - 3:29So you're going to be in charge,
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3:29 - 3:33you're going to be in control, you're going to be in the driver's seat.
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3:33 - 3:36You folks, I'm going to show you these two teas,
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3:36 - 3:38but you don't have a choice.
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3:38 - 3:40I'm going to give you one of these two teas,
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3:40 - 3:42and keep in mind, I'm going to pick one of these
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3:42 - 3:44two teas at random for you.
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3:44 - 3:46And you know that.
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3:46 - 3:49So if you think about it, this is an extreme case scenario,
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3:49 - 3:50because in the real world,
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3:50 - 3:52whenever you are taking passenger's seat,
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3:52 - 3:55very often the driver is going to be someone you trust,
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3:55 - 3:59an expert, etc. So this is an extreme case scenario.
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3:59 - 4:04Now, you're all going to consume the tea.
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4:04 - 4:05So imagine that you are taking the tea now,
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4:05 - 4:07we'll wait for you to finish the tea.
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4:07 - 4:11We'll give another five minutes for the ingredient to have its effects.
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4:11 - 4:17Now you're going to have 30 minutes to solve 15 puzzles.
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4:17 - 4:20Here's an example of the puzzle you're going to solve.
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4:20 - 4:22Anyone in the audience want to take a stab?
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4:22 - 4:24(Audience: Pulpit.) Baba Shiv: Whoa!
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4:24 - 4:26Okay, that's cool.
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4:26 - 4:28Yeah, so what we do if we had you, who will get the answer,
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4:28 - 4:33as a participant, we would have calibrated the difficulty level
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4:33 - 4:35of the puzzles to your expertise.
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4:35 - 4:37Because we want these puzzles to be difficult.
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4:37 - 4:39These are tricky puzzles because your first instinct
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4:39 - 4:44is to say "tulip," and then you have to unstick yourself.
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4:44 - 4:47Right? So these have been calibrated to your level of expertise.
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4:47 - 4:51Because we want this to be difficult, and I'll tell you why momentarily.
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4:51 - 4:54Now, here's another example.
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4:54 - 4:56Anyone? It's much more difficult.
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4:56 - 4:58(Audience: Embark.) BS: Yeah, wow. Okay.
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4:58 - 5:00So, yeah, so this is again difficult.
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5:00 - 5:02You will say "kambar," then you will have to go, "maker,"
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5:02 - 5:04and all that, and then you can unstick yourself.
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5:04 - 5:08Okay, so you have 30 minutes now to solve these 15 puzzles.
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5:08 - 5:11Now, the question we're asking here
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5:11 - 5:13is in terms of the outcome,
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5:13 - 5:15in terms of the number of puzzles solved,
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5:15 - 5:18will you in the driver's seat
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5:18 - 5:19end up solving more puzzles,
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5:19 - 5:22because you are in control, you could decide which tea you will choose,
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5:22 - 5:25or would you be better off,
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5:25 - 5:27in terms of the number of puzzles solved?
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5:27 - 5:30And systemically what we will show,
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5:30 - 5:31across a series of studies,
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5:31 - 5:34is that you, the passengers,
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5:34 - 5:37even though the tea was picked for you at random,
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5:37 - 5:41will end up solving more puzzles than you, the drivers.
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5:41 - 5:45We also observe another thing,
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5:45 - 5:47and that is, you folks not only are solving fewer puzzles,
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5:47 - 5:50you're also putting less juice into the task.
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5:50 - 5:53Less effort, you're less persistent, and so on.
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5:53 - 5:54How do you know that?
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5:54 - 5:56Well we have two objective measures.
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5:56 - 5:59One is, what is the time, on average, you're taking
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5:59 - 6:01in attempting to solve these puzzles?
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6:01 - 6:05You will spend less time compared to you.
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6:05 - 6:07Second, you have 30 minutes to solve these,
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6:07 - 6:09are you taking the entire 30 minutes, or are you giving up
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6:09 - 6:10before the 30 minutes elapse?
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6:10 - 6:15You will be more likely to give up before the 30 minutes elapse compared to you.
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6:15 - 6:18So, you're putting in less juice, and therefore the outcome:
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6:18 - 6:22fewer puzzles solved.
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6:22 - 6:26Now, that brings us now to, why does this happen?
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6:26 - 6:30And under what situations, when would we see this pattern of results
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6:30 - 6:34where the passenger is going to show better, more favorable outcomes
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6:34 - 6:37compared to the driver?
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6:37 - 6:42It all has to do with when you face what I call the INCA.
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6:42 - 6:44It's an acronym that stands for
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6:44 - 6:48the nature of the feedback you're getting after you've made the decision.
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6:48 - 6:51So, if you think about it, in this particular puzzle task,
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6:51 - 6:53it could happen in investing in the stock market,
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6:53 - 6:55very volatile out there, it could be the medical situation --
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6:55 - 6:58the feedback here is immediate.
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6:58 - 7:01You know the feedback, whether you're solving the puzzles or not.
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7:01 - 7:04Right? Second, it is negative.
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7:04 - 7:06Remember, the deck was stacked against you.
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7:06 - 7:09In terms of the difficulty level of these puzzles.
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7:09 - 7:11And this can happen in the medical domain.
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7:11 - 7:13For example, very early on in the treatment,
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7:13 - 7:16things are negative, the feedback, before things become positive.
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7:16 - 7:18Right? It can happen in the stock market.
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7:18 - 7:22Volatile stock market, getting negative feedback that's also immediate.
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7:22 - 7:25And the feedback in all these cases is concrete.
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7:25 - 7:28It's not ambiguous; you know if you've solved the puzzles or not.
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7:28 - 7:32Now, the added one, apart from this immediacy,
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7:32 - 7:35negative, this concreteness,
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7:35 - 7:39now you have a sense of agency.
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7:39 - 7:42You were responsible for your decision.
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7:42 - 7:43So what do you do?
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7:43 - 7:46You focus on the foregone option.
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7:46 - 7:50You say, you know what? I should have chosen the other tea.
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7:50 - 7:53(Laughter)
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7:53 - 7:56That casts your decision in doubt,
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7:56 - 7:58reduces the confidence you have in the decision,
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7:58 - 8:01reduces the confidence you have in the performance,
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8:01 - 8:02the performance in terms of solving the puzzles.
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8:02 - 8:05And therefore less juice into the task,
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8:05 - 8:10fewer puzzles solved, a less favorable outcome compared to you folks.
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8:10 - 8:12And this can happen in the medical domain, if you think about it.
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8:12 - 8:14Right? A patient in the driver's seat, for example.
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8:14 - 8:18Less juice, which means keeping herself or himself
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8:18 - 8:22less physically fit, physically active to hasten the recovery process,
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8:22 - 8:26which is what is often advocated. You probably wouldn't do that.
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8:26 - 8:31And therefore, there are times when you're facing the INCA,
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8:31 - 8:35when the feedback is going to be immediate, negative,
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8:35 - 8:37concrete, and you have the sense of agency,
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8:37 - 8:40where you're far better off taking the passenger's seat
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8:40 - 8:44and have someone else drive.
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8:44 - 8:45Now, I started off
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8:45 - 8:47on the somber note.
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8:47 - 8:48I want to finish up on a more upbeat note.
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8:48 - 8:52It has now been five years, slightly more than five years,
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8:52 - 8:54and the good news, thank God,
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8:54 - 8:58is that the cancer is still in remission.
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8:58 - 9:01So it all ends well,
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9:01 - 9:03but one thing I didn't mention was
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9:03 - 9:07that very early on into her treatment,
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9:07 - 9:11my wife and I decided that we will take the passenger's seat.
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9:11 - 9:13And that made so much of a difference
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9:13 - 9:16in terms of the peace of mind that came with that,
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9:16 - 9:17we could focus on her recovery.
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9:17 - 9:20We let the doctors make all the decisions,
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9:20 - 9:23take the driver's seat.
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9:23 - 9:24Thank you.
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9:24 - 9:27(Applause)
- Title:
- Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat
- Speaker:
- Baba Shiv
- Description:
-
Over the years, research has shown a counterintuitive fact about human nature: That sometimes, having too much choice makes us less happy. This may even be true when it comes to medical treatment. Baba Shiv shares a fascinating study that measures why choice opens the door to doubt, and suggests that ceding control -- especially on life-or-death decisions -- may be the best thing for us.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 09:47
Krystian Aparta commented on English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Bahar KARA GOCMEN edited English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Thu-Huong Ha approved English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Thu-Huong Ha accepted English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Thu-Huong Ha edited English subtitles for Sometimes it's good to give up the driver's seat | ||
Morton Bast added a translation |
Krystian Aparta
The English transcript was updated on 1/12/2016.