Archaeological Tourism: It's more than you can imagine | John Heffern |TEDxYerevan
-
0:21 - 0:27I'm very excited to be here,
proud to be speaking at TEDxYerevan today. -
0:29 - 0:32My topic today is archaeological tourism,
-
0:32 - 0:37which I think has tremendous potential,
tremendous potential for Armenia. -
0:39 - 0:42Now don't guess what this picture is,
don't think about this picture. -
0:42 - 0:43(Laughter)
-
0:43 - 0:45It is not hamburger meat,
-
0:45 - 0:49it is nothing worse than hamburger meat,
I assure you that. -
0:49 - 0:51More about this picture in a minute.
-
0:51 - 0:54What I want to start with is a question,
-
0:54 - 0:57to set the concepts
for my presentation today. -
0:57 - 1:01The question is this,
how long do you think, -
1:01 - 1:06how many years do you think,
soft tissue, tissue from a body, -
1:06 - 1:10can last in an archaeological setting
in a cave. -
1:10 - 1:13How many years?
-
1:13 - 1:16My friend Boris Gasparyan,
-
1:16 - 1:19who runs the archaeological institute
here, he's here today, -
1:19 - 1:24tells me that soft tissue normally
can last about 500-600 years -
1:24 - 1:28in an archaeological setting.
-
1:28 - 1:31So you can imagine his surprise
-
1:31 - 1:35when Boris and his team open up a skull,
-
1:35 - 1:40that they found at an archaeological site
here in Armenia, -
1:40 - 1:47and out drops brain tissue.
Brain tissue from a skull -
1:47 - 1:52that Boris and his team found
in the Areni Cave in Vayots Dzor Marz -
1:52 - 1:54here in Armenia.
-
1:54 - 2:02And they found this skull
on the six thousand year level. -
2:02 - 2:06So what does that mean?
That means that this brain tissue -
2:06 - 2:12that normally would only last about
500, 600 years in such a setting, -
2:12 - 2:18somehow lasted six thousand years
in the Areni cave. -
2:18 - 2:22There’s something really unique
happening here in Armenia, -
2:22 - 2:24and the Armenian people
need to know about it; -
2:24 - 2:28the world needs to know about it.
-
2:29 - 2:33So how do we, how does our media
take better advantage -
2:33 - 2:36of these archaeological sites,
and archaeological treasures, -
2:36 - 2:40both in the area
of education and research, -
2:40 - 2:44but also in economics and tourism?
-
2:45 - 2:47So we have some tourists here,
-
2:47 - 2:49standing in the entrance of Areni cave.
-
2:49 - 2:54Well, actually a handsome man
in the middle is Boris, and not a tourist. -
2:55 - 2:57So we have these tourists standing
-
2:57 - 3:00at the entrance to the Areni cave
on this dirt path. -
3:01 - 3:05But what do you see
in front of that dirt pathway? -
3:05 - 3:08You see various vessels and artifacts,
-
3:08 - 3:12that I understand are about
5000 years old, maybe 5500. -
3:14 - 3:18So the danger is that everybody
that walks on that pathway -
3:18 - 3:24is going to damage
some of these artifacts below. -
3:24 - 3:29One possible solution is
to install an elevated walkway -
3:29 - 3:33along the wall behind those tourists,
-
3:33 - 3:38and more about that elevated walkway
in a minute. -
3:43 - 3:475500 year old shoe from the Areni Cave
-
3:47 - 3:52is currently on exhibit
at the History Museum here in Yerevan. -
3:52 - 3:55Now, Nike Shoe Company
does not know about this shoe yet, -
3:55 - 3:56(Laughter)
-
3:56 - 3:58and I think when Nike finds out
about this shoe, -
3:58 - 4:00it’s going to make a great commercial.
-
4:00 - 4:02But most Armenians
know about this shoe. -
4:02 - 4:08But the shoe is really something
much more than a single artifact -
4:08 - 4:14that brings a few hundred more people
to the History Museum every year. -
4:14 - 4:17If you go to the source of this shoe,
to the Areni Cave, -
4:17 - 4:22you will really see, experience,
and feel something really amazing. -
4:23 - 4:24Here’s Dina, I think she’s here today.
-
4:24 - 4:29Here’s Dina.
Dina’s on the research team here. -
4:29 - 4:31She’s the one, I think it was in 2008,
-
4:31 - 4:37who uncovered that shoe in that small pit
in the first level of the Areni Cave. -
4:37 - 4:41She uncovered the shoe in 2008,
but the cave, the Areni Cave -
4:41 - 4:44has so much more to offer than the shoe,
-
4:44 - 4:47and there’s so much in the Areni Cave,
-
4:47 - 4:50so much in the cave that
hasn’t even been explored yet. -
4:50 - 4:54The potential is really immense.
-
4:54 - 4:57In other highlights of the cave,
this one’s also pretty well-known. -
4:57 - 5:02This is the 6000 year old
wine-making equipment from the cave, -
5:02 - 5:056000 year old wine vessels.
-
5:05 - 5:10And where the white arrow is where
the people would stomp on the grapes -
5:10 - 5:14and the juice would run down
into that vessel, -
5:14 - 5:16that round vessel in the middle.
-
5:16 - 5:17And then the juice would be fermented
-
5:17 - 5:22and stored in the vessels
along the outside. -
5:22 - 5:246000 year old equipment.
-
5:24 - 5:29That means that these vessels
have been there since about 4000 BC. -
5:29 - 5:374000 BC is 3000 years
before ancient Hellenic Greece. -
5:37 - 5:41So that means that in this part
of the region, this part of Armenia, -
5:41 - 5:43there was a civilization and culture
-
5:43 - 5:48that was sophisticated enough
to make wine and to enjoy wine, -
5:48 - 5:543000 before ancient Hellenic Greece.
-
5:54 - 5:58Another wine story from Areni.
This is the Zorah wine. -
5:58 - 6:00You probably know
Bloomberg recently named -
6:00 - 6:03this Armenian red wine, Zorah wine,
-
6:03 - 6:05one of the top ten wines in the world.
-
6:05 - 6:12(Applause)
-
6:12 - 6:15The vineyard here is
in the shadows of the Areni Cave, -
6:15 - 6:19those hills beyond the vineyard
is where the Areni Cave is. -
6:19 - 6:25Zorik, the Italian Armenian
who runs the vineyard and the winery, -
6:25 - 6:29is committed to making this wine
using traditional Armenian methods, -
6:29 - 6:31the grapes and the vessels,
the ceramic vessels -
6:31 - 6:34that we saw in the earlier slide.
-
6:34 - 6:36Now Zorik is becoming
pretty famous now, right? -
6:36 - 6:39He’s got one of the top ten wines
in the world. -
6:39 - 6:44So he is often invited now
to wine-tasting events all over Europe. -
6:44 - 6:48He goes to these events now, and
as soon as these European vintners, -
6:48 - 6:52who've been making wine
for generations hear -
6:52 - 6:59that Zorik’s first vintage was in 2010,
three years ago, 2010, -
6:59 - 7:05they turn up their nose at this newcomer
to the wine-making business. -
7:05 - 7:08Zorik has a response now
when he’s teased this way. -
7:08 - 7:14He now says I may be the newest
wine-maker in this room today, -
7:14 - 7:22but my next door neighbor in the Areni Cave
is the oldest wine-maker in the world. -
7:22 - 7:29(Applause)
-
7:29 - 7:31So why don’t more people come here?
-
7:31 - 7:34Why aren’t there students, PhD students,
-
7:34 - 7:37researchers, and tourists
all over this country? -
7:37 - 7:39There’s a lot of reasons,
there’s limited access – -
7:39 - 7:43some of these sites are hard to reach,
there’s not much promotion going on, -
7:43 - 7:45there’s inadequate resources,
there are lots of reasons. -
7:45 - 7:49But one specific reason I want
to show with this slide, -
7:49 - 7:52again from the Areni Cave.
-
7:51 - 7:54This is also the 6000 year old level.
-
7:54 - 7:56I think on the right side of your screen
-
7:56 - 7:58you can probably see a couple of vessels
-
7:58 - 8:01that are a part of that
wine-making equipment. -
8:01 - 8:07But what do you see on the left side
of that screen, in that red circle? -
8:07 - 8:13I see a passageway that is
totally filled with dirt and rocks. -
8:13 - 8:16There’s no way to know what’s
on the other side of that passageway -
8:16 - 8:19because the excavators,
the archaeological teams here, -
8:19 - 8:24can’t continue their digging in Areni Cave
because they can’t get the dirt out. -
8:24 - 8:26When you dig,
you’ve got to do something with the dirt. -
8:26 - 8:29They can't get the dirt out
without walking on that pathway -
8:29 - 8:33and damaging those artifacts below.
-
8:33 - 8:35I see on the other side of that passageway
-
8:35 - 8:38a big cavern with goodness knows
what kind of treasures, -
8:38 - 8:42what kind of artifacts there might be
on the other end of that pathway. -
8:42 - 8:44But right now we have no way to know
-
8:44 - 8:47what’s on the other end
of that passageway. -
8:47 - 8:50Armenia needs to fix this,
-
8:50 - 8:54and Armenia’s international partners
would like to help. -
8:54 - 8:57Here’s Boris again,
this is at the institute, -
8:57 - 9:00the Archaeological Institute
here in downtown Yerevan. -
9:00 - 9:03And he’s showing off some
of the treasures from the Areni Cave. -
9:03 - 9:07In fact, there are hundreds
of artifacts and treasures -
9:07 - 9:11that have been excavated
from sites all over Armenia, -
9:11 - 9:14that are currently sitting
in cardboard boxes and shoe boxes, -
9:14 - 9:17wrapped in tissue paper
in warehouses and basements, -
9:17 - 9:20because there’s no place
to display these treasures. -
9:20 - 9:22There’s no place to do research on them,
-
9:22 - 9:24there’s no place to display
them in institutes -
9:24 - 9:27and small buildings in downtown Yerevan.
-
9:27 - 9:30So here’s Boris,
he’s showing off this textile. -
9:30 - 9:37This is a 6000 year old textile
from the Areni Cave. -
9:37 - 9:42It has no business being around
so long, six thousand years. -
9:42 - 9:44So he’s describing to his visitors --
-
9:44 - 9:47he’s had some visitors
from the Smithsonian Institution -
9:47 - 9:49in Washington, D.C. and
Carnegie Corporation in New York, -
9:49 - 9:52some really important
potential international partners, -
9:52 - 9:56they are very interested
in what the institute is doing. -
9:56 - 9:58So he describes
the preserving capabilities of the cave. -
9:58 - 10:11He says the secret is a unique combination
of temperature, humidity, and dung. -
10:11 - 10:14Dung, yes, cow and goat dung,
-
10:14 - 10:19which apparently has remarkable
preservative properties. -
10:19 - 10:22My wife Libby is trying to get Boris
to bottle up some of that dung -
10:22 - 10:23(Laughter)
-
10:23 - 10:25into a commercial face cream.
-
10:25 - 10:26(Laughter)
-
10:26 - 10:28We’ll see how that sells,
Boris, we’ll see how that sells. -
10:28 - 10:32(Laughter)
-
10:34 - 10:37Areni Cave is not alone,
there are many sites all over Armenia. -
10:37 - 10:39This is a place called Kakavadzor,
-
10:39 - 10:43it’s a newly discovered site,
it’s on the road to Gyumri. -
10:43 - 10:46A magnificent open site,
it’s a promontory, -
10:46 - 10:48I hope you can see on the picture
-
10:48 - 10:51there are magnificent gorges
on both sides. -
10:51 - 10:54And the promontory points directly
at Mountain Ararat -
10:54 - 10:56a magnificent, a magnificent sight.
-
10:56 - 11:01And the promontory
is full of dozens of altars -
11:01 - 11:07and different kinds of carved-out beds
you can see here. -
11:07 - 11:10Sacrifices, rituals, goodness knows
what these were used for -
11:10 - 11:13because this site
has not been excavated at all. -
11:13 - 11:15And look at the picture on the right.
-
11:15 - 11:20The picture on the right
are two magnificent snake petroglyphs -
11:20 - 11:24on flat stone in somebody’s driveway.
-
11:24 - 11:27There’s a house at the entrance
to this promontory -
11:27 - 11:30and these petroglyphs
are sitting right on the ground, -
11:30 - 11:31I guess this guy drives
through these things -
11:31 - 11:33on his way to work every day.
-
11:33 - 11:37Where else but Armenia would you have
two snake petroglyphs, -
11:37 - 11:40from, I don’t know,
5500 years old, -
11:40 - 11:43that’s what this site is,
in somebody’s driveway. -
11:43 - 11:45It’s really quite, quite amazing.
-
11:45 - 11:48So, Kakavadzor, newly discovered site,
-
11:48 - 11:515500 years old,
no excavations yet. -
11:51 - 11:56University students, PhD students,
universities, all over the world -
11:56 - 11:58would salivate to have a chance
to work with the team -
11:58 - 12:03from the institute to excavate this site.
-
12:03 - 12:06What can we do to make this happen,
how can we make this happen? -
12:06 - 12:09Wait, hold on, there’s more.
-
12:09 - 12:13I hope you can see this picture.
This site is in Armavir Marz. -
12:13 - 12:18Some of us recently visited this site,
it’s from Google Earth, -
12:18 - 12:20the picture is from thousands of feet up,
-
12:20 - 12:23I don’t know how far away the camera is.
-
12:23 - 12:25So you can tell this is a huge structure,
-
12:25 - 12:31a tremendous structure, stone structure.
4500 years old or so. -
12:31 - 12:34It’s used for hunting,
or was used for hunting. -
12:34 - 12:41You can maybe see on the right side
of your screen an opening -
12:41 - 12:46which is where the people would entice
or drive the animals into that opening. -
12:46 - 12:52The animals would instinctively
run along the inside of that stone wall -
12:52 - 12:58and at this point on the left side
of your screen there’s a big pit. -
12:58 - 13:01Animals fall into the pit, whalla, dinner.
-
13:01 - 13:04This is a hunting structure
from 4500 years old -
13:04 - 13:07on a hillside in Armavir Marz.
-
13:07 - 13:11There are also petroglyphs all over.
-
13:11 - 13:14As exciting as this site is to see,
-
13:14 - 13:16there’s something
even more exciting about it. -
13:16 - 13:22This site and the analysis of this site
is changing the way, -
13:22 - 13:27changing the conversation among
anthropologists and archaeologists -
13:27 - 13:31about the origin of human communities.
It’s a pretty big deal. -
13:31 - 13:34Why did people come together
into communities or villages, -
13:34 - 13:37why did they start working together?
-
13:37 - 13:40The traditional thought is maybe
it was the introduction of agriculture. -
13:40 - 13:47It caused hunters and gatherers
to come together into a village. -
13:47 - 13:48But this demonstration,
-
13:48 - 13:52this was before the introduction
of agriculture in this region, -
13:52 - 13:55this demonstrates that people worked
together on communal projects -
13:55 - 13:58in communities of one sort or another,
-
13:58 - 14:02before the introduction of agriculture
is changing, potentially changing, -
14:02 - 14:04a revolutionary idea,
changing the way -
14:04 - 14:08anthropologists are looking
at this really important point. -
14:08 - 14:15And this site is right in our backyard.
in Armavir Marz. -
14:15 - 14:19There are many other sites,
there’s Ukhtasar mountain, -
14:19 - 14:22there’s Sisian,
magnificent petroglyphs all over, -
14:22 - 14:25just to demonstrate again
that the potential is enormous. -
14:25 - 14:26There are sites all over Armenia,
-
14:26 - 14:29a dozen or so
that are being worked on now, -
14:29 - 14:31many more than that
not being worked on. -
14:31 - 14:35The potential is really enormous.
-
14:36 - 14:39So here’s my challenge,
the challenge is the Embassy, -
14:39 - 14:44we’ve just now received
from Washington about $50,000 -
14:44 - 14:48to begin work on Areni Cave,
working with the Institute. -
14:48 - 14:50We’re going to put a perimeter fence,
-
14:50 - 14:53protective fence,
around the outside of the cave, -
14:53 - 14:57we’re going to begin to install
that elevated walkway -
14:57 - 14:59that we talked about on that earlier slide.
-
14:59 - 15:04Hopefully it will improve access
to the cave, -
15:04 - 15:07and that’s a start.
-
15:07 - 15:13(Applause)
-
15:13 - 15:16Get more tourists in to appreciate
the sites and the cave, -
15:16 - 15:19maybe bring more resources
to the institute, -
15:19 - 15:22and allow the resumption
of the excavation, -
15:22 - 15:27so we can get the dirt out and see what’s
on the other end of that passageway. -
15:27 - 15:29So it’s a start.
-
15:29 - 15:32There’s another important partner
that’s been working with the Institute, -
15:32 - 15:34Michael Gfoeller,
who’s here today with us, -
15:34 - 15:36a retired US Ambassador,
-
15:36 - 15:38he was the Deputy Ambassador.
-
15:38 - 15:42(Applause)
-
15:42 - 15:46He was number two here at the US Embassy
back in the late 1990s, -
15:46 - 15:49and since he left Armenia,
he and his brother Joe -
15:49 - 15:53have been raising funds
for archaeological digs -
15:53 - 15:56in the Republic of Armenia.
-
15:56 - 16:02(Applause)
-
16:02 - 16:04But they really have been
virtually alone in this effort. -
16:04 - 16:07There really is nobody else,
who has been working insistently -
16:07 - 16:14to support and work with the Institute
and Boris and his team on his digs. -
16:14 - 16:16Other countries about the size of Armenia,
-
16:16 - 16:20Israel and Cyprus, even little Malta,
-
16:20 - 16:22have done some pretty good work
-
16:22 - 16:25to excavate their sites
and conserve their sites -
16:25 - 16:28and promote their sites
for education and tourism. -
16:28 - 16:34Why not Armenia? Why not Armenia?
-
16:34 - 16:38So how can we help?
-
16:38 - 16:40The Institute is working
with traditional partners, -
16:40 - 16:42with Embassies and
international organizations -
16:42 - 16:44and foundations and universities.
-
16:44 - 16:46And again, making a bit of a start,
-
16:46 - 16:49doing some important good work.
-
16:49 - 16:54But there are lots of platforms out there,
new creative platforms, -
16:54 - 16:56where individuals can contribute
to efforts like this. -
16:56 - 16:58In fact, Armenia doesn’t make
very good use -
16:58 - 17:00of any of these platforms right now.
-
17:00 - 17:02There’s huge potential for Armenia.
-
17:02 - 17:06Crowdfunding, crowdsourcing,
microloans, social entrepreneurship, -
17:06 - 17:10huge potential including
in this area of archaeology. -
17:10 - 17:13And there’s one site that I gather
is about to do a campaign, -
17:13 - 17:17hopefully pretty soon, in archaeology,
a crowdfunding platform. -
17:17 - 17:19So my plea to you today,
-
17:19 - 17:22I hope that everybody today
will be leaving Tumo Center, -
17:22 - 17:25they will all be committed
to doing what we can -
17:25 - 17:27through our organizations,
-
17:27 - 17:30or individually, through one
of these crowdfunding sites, -
17:30 - 17:34to bring these archaeological
treasures to light -
17:34 - 17:39and to show off Armenia
as an archaeological treasure. -
17:39 - 17:43Armenia is starting to do some good work
in promoting its religious sites, -
17:43 - 17:45its historic sites, its cultural sites.
-
17:45 - 17:49Why not the archaeological sites?
-
17:49 - 17:52So again, I hope when we leave here
-
17:52 - 17:55we do more than just imagine
all the great stuff -
17:55 - 17:56that you can see at the Areni Cave.
-
17:56 - 18:00I hope we can go out and
we see it ourselves. -
18:00 - 18:02And I hope even more importantly
-
18:02 - 18:04that we bring that story to the world.
-
18:04 - 18:05Thank you very much.
-
18:05 - 18:09(Applause)
- Title:
- Archaeological Tourism: It's more than you can imagine | John Heffern |TEDxYerevan
- Description:
-
Among the many treasures in Armenia, archeology is an untapped resource, both for academic understanding and development of tourism. Ambassador Heffern describes his passion for Armenian archeology and highlights several sites that can be developed.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 18:17
Ivana Korom
Hi Gohar, I see you have already put a lot of work into this transcript, but I have to return it form some more improvements. Some lines are still too long, which you can check in the New Editor. Please make sure they're not longer than 84 characters (42 per line). This tutorial can help: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvNQoD32Qqo Thanks!
Judith Matz
Hi! I'm sorry this took so long, but i finally got to doing the approval. There were some things left that needed fixing and due to the bad microphone situation I also didn't understand two things. Is there a way to ask the original speaker what he meant? And now I really think I'd like to see Armenia! :) All the best, Judith
00:46 It would make sense to have the whole sentence in the same subtitle (it is nothing worse than hamburger meat)
04:54 -- I cannot understand what he says but he does not say "other"
06:43 -- it's recommendable to start and finish a unit in a sentence on the same screen.
10:43 -- Don't forget to check if the words you use exist. :) It's "promontory"
11:01 -- again, I don't think he says "carved-out things". It sounds like "carved-out beds", but that doesn't make much sense either. Is there a way we can ask him? Can you contact him and check?
1304 etc: I understand that "marz" is not part of the actual word, but in English it just looks like it's a misspelled English word if you don't capitalize it too, can we capitalize it too? (and all the previous times)