[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.15,0:00:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm very excited to be here,\Nproud to be speaking at TEDxYerevan today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.83,0:00:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My topic today is archaeological tourism,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.30,0:00:36.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think has tremendous potential,\Ntremendous potential for Armenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.54,0:00:41.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now don't guess what this picture is, \Ndon't think about this picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.66,0:00:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.99,0:00:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not hamburger meat,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.30,0:00:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is nothing worse than hamburger meat, \NI assure you that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.70,0:00:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More about this picture in a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.31,0:00:53.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to start with is a question,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.51,0:00:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to set the concepts \Nfor my presentation today.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.04,0:01:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question is this,\Nhow long do you think,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.77,0:01:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many years do you think, \Nsoft tissue, tissue from a body,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.75,0:01:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can last in an archaeological setting \Nin a cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.40,0:01:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many years?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.85,0:01:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friend Boris Gasparyan,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.56,0:01:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who runs the archaeological institute \Nhere, he's here today,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.88,0:01:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tells me that soft tissue normally\Ncan last about 500-600 years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.02,0:01:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an archaeological setting.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.06,0:01:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can imagine his surprise
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.92,0:01:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Boris and his team open up a skull,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.49,0:01:40.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they found at an archaeological site \Nhere in Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.34,0:01:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and out drops brain tissue. \NBrain tissue from a skull
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.14,0:01:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Boris and his team found \Nin the Areni Cave in Vayots Dzor Marz
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.96,0:01:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in Armenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.40,0:02:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they found this skull \Non the six thousand year level.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.60,0:02:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what does that mean? \NThat means that this brain tissue
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.81,0:02:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that normally would only last about \N500, 600 years in such a setting,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.62,0:02:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somehow lasted six thousand years \Nin the Areni cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.44,0:02:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s something really unique \Nhappening here in Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.65,0:02:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Armenian people \Nneed to know about it;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.15,0:02:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world needs to know about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.96,0:02:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we, how does our media \Ntake better advantage
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.96,0:02:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these archaeological sites, \Nand archaeological treasures,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.34,0:02:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,both in the area \Nof education and research,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.19,0:02:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also in economics and tourism?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.61,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have some tourists here,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.28,0:02:49.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standing in the entrance of Areni cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.43,0:02:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, actually a handsome man \Nin the middle is Boris, and not a tourist.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.56,0:02:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have these tourists standing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.56,0:03:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the entrance to the Areni cave \Non this dirt path.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.26,0:03:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you see \Nin front of that dirt pathway?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.60,0:03:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see various vessels and artifacts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.93,0:03:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I understand are about \N5000 years old, maybe 5500.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.74,0:03:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the danger is that everybody \Nthat walks on that pathway
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.68,0:03:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is going to damage \Nsome of these artifacts below.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.64,0:03:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One possible solution is \Nto install an elevated walkway
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.17,0:03:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the wall behind those tourists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.99,0:03:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more about that elevated walkway \Nin a minute.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.66,0:03:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5500 year old shoe from the Areni Cave
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.69,0:03:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is currently on exhibit\Nat the History Museum here in Yerevan.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.33,0:03:54.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Nike Shoe Company \Ndoes not know about this shoe yet,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.81,0:03:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.05,0:03:58.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think when Nike finds out \Nabout this shoe,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.09,0:04:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s going to make a great commercial.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.41,0:04:01.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But most Armenians \Nknow about this shoe.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.87,0:04:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the shoe is really something \Nmuch more than a single artifact
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.97,0:04:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that brings a few hundred more people \Nto the History Museum every year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.05,0:04:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the source of this shoe,\Nto the Areni Cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.77,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will really see, experience, \Nand feel something really amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.82,0:04:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here’s Dina, I think she’s here today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.48,0:04:28.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here’s Dina. \NDina’s on the research team here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.54,0:04:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She’s the one, I think it was in 2008,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.49,0:04:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who uncovered that shoe in that small pit \Nin the first level of the Areni Cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.22,0:04:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She uncovered the shoe in 2008, \Nbut the cave, the Areni Cave
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.84,0:04:44.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has so much more to offer than the shoe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.39,0:04:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there’s so much in the Areni Cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.94,0:04:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so much in the cave that \Nhasn’t even been explored yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.44,0:04:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The potential is really immense.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.18,0:04:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other highlights of the cave, \Nthis one’s also pretty well-known.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.78,0:05:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the 6000 year old \Nwine-making equipment from the cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.69,0:05:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6000 year old wine vessels.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.28,0:05:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where the white arrow is where \Nthe people would stomp on the grapes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.41,0:05:13.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the juice would run down\Ninto that vessel,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.50,0:05:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that round vessel in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.88,0:05:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the juice would be fermented
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.44,0:05:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stored in the vessels \Nalong the outside.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.81,0:05:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6000 year old equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.51,0:05:29.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that these vessels \Nhave been there since about 4000 BC.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.05,0:05:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4000 BC is 3000 years \Nbefore ancient Hellenic Greece.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.33,0:05:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means that in this part \Nof the region, this part of Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.73,0:05:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a civilization and culture
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.92,0:05:48.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was sophisticated enough\Nto make wine and to enjoy wine,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.29,0:05:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3000 before ancient Hellenic Greece.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.28,0:05:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another wine story from Areni.\NThis is the Zorah wine.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.86,0:05:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You probably know \NBloomberg recently named
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.99,0:06:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this Armenian red wine, Zorah wine,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.96,0:06:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the top ten wines in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.49,0:06:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.13,0:06:14.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The vineyard here is \Nin the shadows of the Areni Cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.64,0:06:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those hills beyond the vineyard\Nis where the Areni Cave is.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.80,0:06:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zorik, the Italian Armenian \Nwho runs the vineyard and the winery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.18,0:06:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is committed to making this wine \Nusing traditional Armenian methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.86,0:06:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grapes and the vessels, \Nthe ceramic vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.37,0:06:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we saw in the earlier slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.09,0:06:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Zorik is becoming \Npretty famous now, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.43,0:06:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He’s got one of the top ten wines \Nin the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.89,0:06:43.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he is often invited now \Nto wine-tasting events all over Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.77,0:06:48.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He goes to these events now, and \Nas soon as these European vintners,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.06,0:06:51.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who've been making wine \Nfor generations hear
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.63,0:06:59.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Zorik’s first vintage was in 2010,\Nthree years ago, 2010,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.23,0:07:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they turn up their nose at this newcomer \Nto the wine-making business.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.48,0:07:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Zorik has a response now\Nwhen he’s teased this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.44,0:07:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He now says I may be the newest \Nwine-maker in this room today,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.70,0:07:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my next door neighbor in the Areni Cave \Nis the oldest wine-maker in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.92,0:07:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.62,0:07:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why don’t more people come here?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.81,0:07:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why aren’t there students, PhD students,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.52,0:07:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,researchers, and tourists\Nall over this country?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.58,0:07:38.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s a lot of reasons, \Nthere’s limited access –
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.92,0:07:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of these sites are hard to reach, \Nthere’s not much promotion going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.70,0:07:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s inadequate resources, \Nthere are lots of reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.12,0:07:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one specific reason I want \Nto show with this slide,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.79,0:07:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again from the Areni Cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.08,0:07:53.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is also the 6000 year old level.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.63,0:07:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think on the right side of your screen
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.61,0:07:58.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can probably see a couple of vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.08,0:08:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are a part of that \Nwine-making equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.34,0:08:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do you see on the left side \Nof that screen, in that red circle?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.53,0:08:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see a passageway that is \Ntotally filled with dirt and rocks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.14,0:08:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s no way to know what’s \Non the other side of that passageway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.62,0:08:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the excavators, \Nthe archaeological teams here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.11,0:08:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can’t continue their digging in Areni Cave \Nbecause they can’t get the dirt out.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.74,0:08:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you dig, \Nyou’ve got to do something with the dirt.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.63,0:08:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't get the dirt out\Nwithout walking on that pathway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.48,0:08:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and damaging those artifacts below.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.48,0:08:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see on the other side of that passageway
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.26,0:08:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big cavern with goodness knows\Nwhat kind of treasures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.95,0:08:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of artifacts there might be \Non the other end of that pathway.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.52,0:08:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But right now we have no way to know
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.25,0:08:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what’s on the other end \Nof that passageway.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.98,0:08:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Armenia needs to fix this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.56,0:08:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Armenia’s international partners\Nwould like to help.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.35,0:08:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here’s Boris again, \Nthis is at the institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.83,0:09:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Archaeological Institute\Nhere in downtown Yerevan.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.01,0:09:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he’s showing off some \Nof the treasures from the Areni Cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.33,0:09:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there are hundreds\Nof artifacts and treasures
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.32,0:09:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been excavated\Nfrom sites all over Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.19,0:09:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are currently sitting\Nin cardboard boxes and shoe boxes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.10,0:09:17.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wrapped in tissue paper\Nin warehouses and basements,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.33,0:09:20.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there’s no place\Nto display these treasures.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.22,0:09:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s no place to do research on them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.89,0:09:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s no place to display\Nthem in institutes
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.22,0:09:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and small buildings in downtown Yerevan.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.30,0:09:30.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here’s Boris,\Nhe’s showing off this textile.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.01,0:09:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a 6000 year old textile\Nfrom the Areni Cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.70,0:09:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has no business being around \Nso long, six thousand years.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.88,0:09:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he’s describing to his visitors --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.61,0:09:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he’s had some visitors\Nfrom the Smithsonian Institution
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.66,0:09:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Washington, D.C. and \NCarnegie Corporation in New York,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.42,0:09:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some really important\Npotential international partners,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.72,0:09:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are very interested\Nin what the institute is doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.74,0:09:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he describes\Nthe preserving capabilities of the cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.49,0:10:10.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He says the secret is a unique combination\Nof temperature, humidity, and dung.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.52,0:10:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dung, yes, cow and goat dung,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.10,0:10:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which apparently has remarkable \Npreservative properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.89,0:10:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My wife Libby is trying to get Boris \Nto bottle up some of that dung
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.08,0:10:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.42,0:10:24.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a commercial face cream.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.67,0:10:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.45,0:10:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ll see how that sells, \NBoris, we’ll see how that sells.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.10,0:10:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.69,0:10:37.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Areni Cave is not alone,\Nthere are many sites all over Armenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.31,0:10:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a place called Kakavadzor,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.45,0:10:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s a newly discovered site, \Nit’s on the road to Gyumri.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.24,0:10:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A magnificent open site,\Nit’s a promontory,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.68,0:10:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you can see on the picture
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.53,0:10:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are magnificent gorges\Non both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.90,0:10:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the promontory points directly\Nat Mountain Ararat
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.69,0:10:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a magnificent, a magnificent sight.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.00,0:11:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the promontory \Nis full of dozens of altars
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.08,0:11:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and different kinds of carved-out beds\Nyou can see here.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.90,0:11:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sacrifices, rituals, goodness knows \Nwhat these were used for
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.86,0:11:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this site\Nhas not been excavated at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.00,0:11:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And look at the picture on the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.91,0:11:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The picture on the right \Nare two magnificent snake petroglyphs
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.25,0:11:23.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on flat stone in somebody’s driveway.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.67,0:11:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s a house at the entrance\Nto this promontory
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.12,0:11:29.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these petroglyphs \Nare sitting right on the ground,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.62,0:11:31.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess this guy drives \Nthrough these things
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.32,0:11:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on his way to work every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.93,0:11:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where else but Armenia would you have \Ntwo snake petroglyphs,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.45,0:11:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from, I don’t know,\N5500 years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.97,0:11:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that’s what this site is,\Nin somebody’s driveway.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.25,0:11:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s really quite, quite amazing.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.93,0:11:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Kakavadzor, newly discovered site,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.82,0:11:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5500 years old, \Nno excavations yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.34,0:11:55.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University students, PhD students, \Nuniversities, all over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.94,0:11:58.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would salivate to have a chance\Nto work with the team
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.47,0:12:02.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the institute to excavate this site.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.70,0:12:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can we do to make this happen, \Nhow can we make this happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.15,0:12:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wait, hold on, there’s more.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.08,0:12:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you can see this picture. \NThis site is in Armavir Marz.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.26,0:12:17.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of us recently visited this site, \Nit’s from Google Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.82,0:12:19.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the picture is from thousands of feet up,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.78,0:12:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don’t know how far away the camera is.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.54,0:12:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can tell this is a huge structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.24,0:12:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tremendous structure, stone structure. \N4500 years old or so.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.05,0:12:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s used for hunting,\Nor was used for hunting.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.32,0:12:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can maybe see on the right side \Nof your screen an opening
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.90,0:12:46.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is where the people would entice\Nor drive the animals into that opening.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.47,0:12:52.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The animals would instinctively \Nrun along the inside of that stone wall
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.13,0:12:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at this point on the left side \Nof your screen there’s a big pit.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.93,0:13:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Animals fall into the pit, whalla, dinner.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.02,0:13:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a hunting structure\Nfrom 4500 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.20,0:13:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a hillside in Armavir Marz.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.29,0:13:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are also petroglyphs all over.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.56,0:13:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As exciting as this site is to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.76,0:13:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s something\Neven more exciting about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.64,0:13:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This site and the analysis of this site\Nis changing the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.20,0:13:26.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing the conversation among\Nanthropologists and archaeologists
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.97,0:13:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the origin of human communities. \NIt’s a pretty big deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.27,0:13:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did people come together\Ninto communities or villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.18,0:13:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why did they start working together?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.10,0:13:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The traditional thought is maybe \Nit was the introduction of agriculture.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.46,0:13:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It caused hunters and gatherers\Nto come together into a village.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.58,0:13:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this demonstration,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.93,0:13:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was before the introduction \Nof agriculture in this region,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.54,0:13:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this demonstrates that people worked \Ntogether on communal projects
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.18,0:13:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in communities of one sort or another,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.61,0:14:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before the introduction of agriculture \Nis changing, potentially changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.29,0:14:03.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a revolutionary idea, \Nchanging the way
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.88,0:14:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anthropologists are looking \Nat this really important point.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.62,0:14:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this site is right in our backyard.\Nin Armavir Marz.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.00,0:14:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many other sites, \Nthere’s Ukhtasar mountain,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.27,0:14:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s Sisian,\Nmagnificent petroglyphs all over,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.11,0:14:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just to demonstrate again \Nthat the potential is enormous.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.02,0:14:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are sites all over Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.46,0:14:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a dozen or so \Nthat are being worked on now,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.87,0:14:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many more than that \Nnot being worked on.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.44,0:14:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The potential is really enormous.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.06,0:14:39.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here’s my challenge,\Nthe challenge is the Embassy,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.29,0:14:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’ve just now received \Nfrom Washington about $50,000
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.07,0:14:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to begin work on Areni Cave,\Nworking with the Institute.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.74,0:14:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’re going to put a perimeter fence,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.18,0:14:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protective fence,\Naround the outside of the cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.84,0:14:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’re going to begin to install\Nthat elevated walkway
Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.86,0:14:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we talked about on that earlier slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.44,0:15:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hopefully it will improve access\Nto the cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.62,0:15:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that’s a start.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.80,0:15:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.75,0:15:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Get more tourists in to appreciate\Nthe sites and the cave,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.62,0:15:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe bring more resources\Nto the institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.95,0:15:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow the resumption \Nof the excavation,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.90,0:15:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can get the dirt out and see what’s \Non the other end of that passageway.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.65,0:15:29.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it’s a start.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.15,0:15:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s another important partner \Nthat’s been working with the Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.12,0:15:34.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michael Gfoeller, \Nwho’s here today with us,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.41,0:15:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a retired US Ambassador,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.28,0:15:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was the Deputy Ambassador.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.58,0:15:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.20,0:15:45.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was number two here at the US Embassy\Nback in the late 1990s,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.68,0:15:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since he left Armenia,\Nhe and his brother Joe
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.38,0:15:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been raising funds\Nfor archaeological digs
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.37,0:15:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Republic of Armenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.10,0:16:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.58,0:16:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they really have been \Nvirtually alone in this effort.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.03,0:16:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There really is nobody else, \Nwho has been working insistently
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.30,0:16:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to support and work with the Institute \Nand Boris and his team on his digs.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.80,0:16:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other countries about the size of Armenia,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.82,0:16:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Israel and Cyprus, even little Malta,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.81,0:16:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have done some pretty good work
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.09,0:16:24.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to excavate their sites \Nand conserve their sites
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.92,0:16:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and promote their sites\Nfor education and tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.52,0:16:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not Armenia? Why not Armenia?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.40,0:16:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can we help?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.72,0:16:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Institute is working\Nwith traditional partners,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.56,0:16:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Embassies and\Ninternational organizations
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.84,0:16:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and foundations and universities.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.13,0:16:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, making a bit of a start,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.42,0:16:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing some important good work.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.78,0:16:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are lots of platforms out there,\Nnew creative platforms,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.70,0:16:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where individuals can contribute \Nto efforts like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.14,0:16:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, Armenia doesn’t make \Nvery good use
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.97,0:16:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of any of these platforms right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.80,0:17:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There’s huge potential for Armenia.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.64,0:17:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, \Nmicroloans, social entrepreneurship,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.12,0:17:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge potential including \Nin this area of archaeology.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.64,0:17:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there’s one site that I gather \Nis about to do a campaign,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.68,0:17:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopefully pretty soon, in archaeology, \Na crowdfunding platform.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.30,0:17:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my plea to you today,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.15,0:17:21.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope that everybody today\Nwill be leaving Tumo Center,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.96,0:17:25.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will all be committed \Nto doing what we can
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.18,0:17:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through our organizations,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.80,0:17:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or individually, through one \Nof these crowdfunding sites,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.46,0:17:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to bring these archaeological \Ntreasures to light
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.98,0:17:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to show off Armenia \Nas an archaeological treasure.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.59,0:17:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Armenia is starting to do some good work \Nin promoting its religious sites,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.54,0:17:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,its historic sites, its cultural sites.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.15,0:17:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why not the archaeological sites?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.97,0:17:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, I hope when we leave here
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.10,0:17:54.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do more than just imagine \Nall the great stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.74,0:17:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can see at the Areni Cave.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.21,0:18:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope we can go out and \Nwe see it ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.39,0:18:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I hope even more importantly
Dialogue: 0,0:18:02.12,0:18:04.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we bring that story to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.02,0:18:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.24,0:18:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)