What veterinarians know that doctors don't
-
0:02 - 0:03Ten years ago,
-
0:03 - 0:07I got a phone call that
changed my life. -
0:07 - 0:11At the time, I was
cardiologist at UCLA, -
0:11 - 0:14specializing in cardiac
imaging techniques. -
0:14 - 0:20The call came from a veterinarian
at the Los Angeles Zoo. -
0:20 - 0:22An elderly female chimpanzee
-
0:22 - 0:25had woken up with a facial droop
-
0:25 - 0:29and the veterinarians were worried
that she'd had a stroke. -
0:29 - 0:32They asked if I'd
come to the zoo -
0:32 - 0:34and image the animal's heart
-
0:34 - 0:37to look for a possible
cardiac cause. -
0:37 - 0:41Now, to be clear, North American
zoos are staffed -
0:41 - 0:45by highly qualified,
board-certified veterinarians -
0:45 - 0:50who take outstanding
care of their animal patients. -
0:50 - 0:54But occasionally, they do reach into
the human medical community, -
0:54 - 0:58particularly for some
speciality consultation, -
0:58 - 1:04and I was one of the lucky physicians
who was invited in to help. -
1:04 - 1:11I had a chance to rule out
a stroke in this chimpanzee -
1:11 - 1:17and make sure that this gorilla
didn't have a torn aorta, -
1:17 - 1:22evaluate this macaw
for a heart murmur, -
1:22 - 1:29make sure that this California sea lion's
paricardium wasn't inflamed, -
1:29 - 1:33and in this picture, I'm listening
to the heart of a lion -
1:33 - 1:37after a lifesaving,
collaborative procedure -
1:37 - 1:40with veterinarians and physicians
-
1:40 - 1:44where we drained 700 cc's of
fluid from the sac -
1:44 - 1:49in which this lion's
heart was contained. -
1:49 - 1:53And this procedure, which I have
done on many human patients, -
1:53 - 2:03was identical, with the exception
of that paw and that tail. -
2:03 - 2:09Now most of the time, I was working
at UCLA Medical Center with physicians, -
2:09 - 2:14discussing symptoms
and diagnoses and treatments -
2:14 - 2:18for my human patients,
-
2:18 - 2:21but some of the time,
I was working at the Los Angeles Zoo -
2:21 - 2:26with veterinarians, discussing
symptoms and diagnoses and treatments -
2:26 - 2:29for their animal patients.
-
2:29 - 2:34And occasionally, on
the very same day, -
2:34 - 2:38I went on rounds at
UCLA Medical Center -
2:38 - 2:41and at the Los Angeles Zoo.
-
2:41 - 2:47And here's what started coming
into very clear focus for me. -
2:47 - 2:51Physicians and veterinarians
were essentially taking care -
2:51 - 2:56of the same disorders in their
animal and human patients: -
2:56 - 3:01congestive heart failure, brain tumors,
-
3:01 - 3:09leukemia, diabetes,
arthritis, ALS, breast cancer, -
3:09 - 3:14even psychiatric syndromes
like depression, anxiety, -
3:14 - 3:21compulsions, eating disorders
and self-injury. -
3:21 - 3:24Now, I've got a confession to make.
-
3:24 - 3:31Even though I studied comparative
physiology and evolutionary biology -
3:31 - 3:33as an undergrad --
-
3:33 - 3:37I had even written my senior
thesis on Darwinian theory -- -
3:37 - 3:40learning about the
significant overlap -
3:40 - 3:43between the disorders of
animals and humans, -
3:43 - 3:48it came as a much needed
wake-up call for me. -
3:48 - 3:53So I started wondering,
with all of these overlaps, -
3:53 - 3:58how was it that I had never
thought to ask a veterinarian, -
3:58 - 4:01or consult the veterinary literature,
-
4:01 - 4:05for insights into one
of my human patients? -
4:05 - 4:11Why had I never, nor had any of my
physician friends and colleagues -
4:11 - 4:17whom I asked, ever attended
a veterinary conference? -
4:18 - 4:24For that matter, why was
any of this a surprise? -
4:24 - 4:31I mean, look, every single physician
accepts some biological connection -
4:31 - 4:33between animals and humans.
-
4:33 - 4:38Every medication that we prescribe
or that we've taken ourselves -
4:38 - 4:41or we've given to our families
-
4:41 - 4:44has first been tested on an animal.
-
4:44 - 4:46But there's something very different
-
4:46 - 4:53about giving an animal a
medication or a human disease -
4:53 - 4:57and the animal developing
congestive heart failure -
4:57 - 5:03or diabetes or breast cancer
on their own. -
5:03 - 5:06Now, maybe some of the surprise
-
5:06 - 5:10comes from the increasing
separation in our world -
5:10 - 5:13between the urban and the nonurban.
-
5:13 - 5:16You know, we hear about these city kids
-
5:16 - 5:20who think that wool grows on trees
-
5:20 - 5:24or that cheese comes from a plant.
-
5:24 - 5:27Well, today's human hospitals,
-
5:27 - 5:34increasingly, are turning into these
gleaming cathedrals of technology. -
5:34 - 5:39And this creates a psychological
distance between the human patients -
5:39 - 5:41who are being treated there
-
5:41 - 5:46and animal patients who
are living in oceans -
5:46 - 5:49and farms and jungles.
-
5:49 - 5:55But I think there's an
even deeper reason. -
5:55 - 6:01Physicians and scientists, we accept
intellectually that our species, -
6:01 - 6:05Homo sapiens, is merely
one species, -
6:05 - 6:11no more unique or
special than any other. -
6:11 - 6:16But in our hearts, we don't
completely believe that. -
6:17 - 6:21I feel it myself when I'm
listening to Mozart -
6:21 - 6:26or looking at pictures of the
Mars Rover on my MacBook. -
6:26 - 6:32I feel that tug of
human exceptionalism, -
6:32 - 6:36even as I recognize the
scientifically isolating cost -
6:36 - 6:43of seeing ourselves as a
superior species, apart. -
6:43 - 6:46Well, I'm trying these days.
-
6:46 - 6:50When I see a human patient
now, I always ask, -
6:50 - 6:55what do the animal doctors know
about this problem that I don't know? -
6:55 - 7:01And, might I be taking better
care of my human patient -
7:01 - 7:06if I saw them as a human
animal patient? -
7:08 - 7:12Here are a few examples of the
kind of exciting connections -
7:12 - 7:16that this kind of
thinking has led me to. -
7:16 - 7:19Fear-induced heart failure.
-
7:19 - 7:21Around the year 2000,
-
7:21 - 7:29human cardiologists "discovered"
emotionally induced heart failure. -
7:29 - 7:34It was described in a gambling father
who had lost his life's savings -
7:34 - 7:37with a roll of the dice,
-
7:37 - 7:42in a bride who'd
been left at the alter. -
7:42 - 7:46But it turns out, this
"new" human diagnosis -
7:46 - 7:51was neither new, nor
was it uniquely human. -
7:51 - 7:57Veterinarians had been diagnosing,
treating and even preventing -
7:57 - 8:01emotionally induced
symptoms in animals -
8:01 - 8:07ranging from monkeys to flamingos,
from to deer to rabbits, -
8:07 - 8:10since the 1970s.
-
8:11 - 8:14How many human lives
might have been saved -
8:14 - 8:18if this veterinary knowledge
had been put into the hands -
8:18 - 8:22of E.R. docs and cardiologists?
-
8:23 - 8:26Self-injury.
-
8:26 - 8:30Some human patients
harm themselves. -
8:30 - 8:33Some pluck out patches of hair,
-
8:33 - 8:36others actually cut themselves.
-
8:38 - 8:42Some animal patients
also harm themselves. -
8:42 - 8:46There are birds that
pluck out feathers. -
8:46 - 8:53There are stallions that repetitively
bite their flanks until they bleed. -
8:53 - 8:58But veterinarians have very specific
and very effective ways -
8:58 - 9:03of treating and even
preventing self-injury -
9:03 - 9:07in their self-injuring animals.
-
9:07 - 9:10Shouldn't this veterinary knowledge
be put into the hands -
9:10 - 9:13of psychotherapists and
parents and patients -
9:13 - 9:16struggling with self-injury?
-
9:17 - 9:22Postpartum depression and
postpartum psychosis. -
9:22 - 9:25Sometimes, soon after giving birth,
-
9:25 - 9:28some women become depressed,
-
9:28 - 9:32and sometimes they become seriously
depressed and even psychotic. -
9:32 - 9:35They may neglect their newborn,
-
9:35 - 9:37and in some extreme cases,
-
9:37 - 9:40even harm the child.
-
9:40 - 9:44Equine veterinarians also
know that occasionally, -
9:44 - 9:47a mare, soon after giving birth,
-
9:47 - 9:51will neglect the foal,
refusing to nurse, -
9:51 - 9:56and in some instances,
kick the foal, even to death. -
9:57 - 10:00But veterinarians have devised
-
10:00 - 10:05an intervention to deal with
this foal rejection syndrome -
10:05 - 10:10that involves increasing
oxytocin in the mare. -
10:10 - 10:13Oxytocin is the bonding hormone,
-
10:13 - 10:16and this leads to renewed interest,
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10:16 - 10:19on the part of the mare, in her foal.
-
10:19 - 10:21Shouldn't this information
-
10:21 - 10:24be put into the hands of ob/gyn's
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10:24 - 10:28and family doctors and patients
-
10:28 - 10:33who are struggling with postpartum
depression and psychosis? -
10:35 - 10:38Well, despite all of this promise,
-
10:38 - 10:45unfortunately the gulf between
our fields remains large. -
10:45 - 10:51To explain it, I'm afraid I'm going
to have to air some dirty laundry. -
10:51 - 10:55Some physicians can be real snobs
-
10:55 - 10:58about doctors who are not M.D.'s.
-
10:58 - 11:04I'm talking about dentists and
optometrists and psychologists, -
11:04 - 11:08but maybe especially animal doctors.
-
11:08 - 11:12Of course, most physicians
don't realize that it is harder -
11:12 - 11:16to get into vet school these
days than medical school, -
11:16 - 11:19and that when we go
to medical school, -
11:19 - 11:21we learn everything
there is to know -
11:21 - 11:24about one species, Homo sapiens,
-
11:24 - 11:29but veterinarians need to learn
about health and disease -
11:29 - 11:34in mammals, amphibians,
reptiles, fish and birds. -
11:34 - 11:38So I don't blame the vets
for feeling annoyed -
11:38 - 11:44by my profession's
condescension and ignorance. -
11:44 - 11:47But here's one from the vets:
-
11:47 - 11:51What do you call a veterinarian
-
11:51 - 11:56who can only take
care of one species? -
11:56 - 12:00A physician. (Laughter)
-
12:00 - 12:06Closing the gap has become
a passion for me, -
12:06 - 12:09and I'm doing this
through programs -
12:09 - 12:12like Darwin on Rounds at UCLA,
-
12:12 - 12:17where we're bringing animal experts
and evolutionary biologists -
12:17 - 12:21and embedding them
on our medical teams -
12:21 - 12:25with our interns and our residents.
-
12:25 - 12:29And through Zoobiquity conferences,
-
12:29 - 12:33where we bring medical schools
together with veterinary schools -
12:33 - 12:35for collabortive discussions
-
12:35 - 12:38of the shared diseases and disorders
-
12:38 - 12:42of animal and human patients.
-
12:42 - 12:45At Zoobiquity conferences,
-
12:45 - 12:51participants learn how treating
breast cancer in a tiger -
12:51 - 12:54can help us better treat breast cancer
-
12:54 - 12:57in a kindergarten teacher;
-
12:57 - 13:02how understanding polycystic
overies in a Holstein cow -
13:02 - 13:04can help us better take care
-
13:04 - 13:09of a dance instructor
with painful periods; -
13:09 - 13:13and how better understanding the
treatment of separation anxiety -
13:13 - 13:16in a high-strung Sheltie
-
13:16 - 13:23can help an anxious young child
struggling with his first days of school. -
13:23 - 13:28In the United States and now
internationally, at Zoobiquity conferences -
13:28 - 13:35physicians and veterinarians check
their attitudes and their preconceptions -
13:35 - 13:41at the door and come
together as colleagues, -
13:41 - 13:47as peers, as doctors.
-
13:47 - 13:52After all, we humans
are animals, too, -
13:52 - 13:56and it's time for us physicians to embrace
-
13:56 - 14:00our patients' and our own animal natures
-
14:00 - 14:03and join veterinarians
-
14:03 - 14:08in a species-spanning approach to health.
-
14:08 - 14:10Because it turns out,
-
14:10 - 14:15some of the best and
most humanistic medicine -
14:15 - 14:20is being practiced by doctors
whose patients aren't human. -
14:20 - 14:24And one of the best ways
we can take care -
14:24 - 14:29of the human patient is by
paying close attention -
14:29 - 14:33to how all the other
patients on the planet -
14:33 - 14:39live, grow, get sick and heal.
-
14:39 - 14:42Thank you.
-
14:42 - 14:44(Applause).
- Title:
- What veterinarians know that doctors don't
- Speaker:
- Barbara Natterson-Horowitz
- Description:
-
What do you call a veterinarian that can only take care of one species? A physician. In a fascinating talk, Barbara Natterson-Horowitz shares how a species-spanning approach to health can improve medical care of the human animal — particularly when it comes to mental health.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 14:57
Csaba Lóki commented on English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Joseph Geni accepted English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for What veterinarians know that physicians don't |
Csaba Lóki
There migh be a typo in the English original at 12:57
"overies" -> "ovaries"