Basic Facts of Wealth
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0:00 - 0:04♪ [music] ♪
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0:14 - 0:17[Alex] We all know that there are
rich countries and poor countries. -
0:17 - 0:19The United States?
-
0:19 - 0:21It's one of the richest countries
in the world -
0:21 - 0:23with one of the highest
standards of living. -
0:23 - 0:24The Central African Republic
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0:24 - 0:27is one of the poorest countries
in the world. -
0:27 - 0:30Mexico?
It's somewhere in between. -
0:30 - 0:33But just how big
are these differences -
0:33 - 0:35between the rich
and the poor countries? -
0:35 - 0:37And how do we measure
these differences? -
0:38 - 0:40We're going to measure
the differences in living standards -
0:40 - 0:43by looking at Real GDP per capita.
-
0:43 - 0:45That's a country's
Gross Domestic Product -
0:45 - 0:47divided by its population.
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0:47 - 0:49Real GDP per capita captures
-
0:49 - 0:53the average individual's command
over goods and services -- -
0:53 - 0:55their purchasing power.
-
0:55 - 0:58Or, put another way,
how much stuff, -
0:58 - 1:01which we'll picture here
using a basket of groceries, -
1:01 - 1:04can an average person
buy in a year? -
1:04 - 1:07So, let's start with
the Central African Republic. -
1:07 - 1:10This is a small,
landlocked nation in Africa. -
1:10 - 1:12It's currently suffering
under a civil war. -
1:12 - 1:15It's probably the poorest country
in the world. -
1:16 - 1:19In the CAR,
an average person can buy -
1:19 - 1:22just six baskets of stuff
in a year. -
1:22 - 1:24Now let's consider Mexico,
-
1:24 - 1:26a country you might be
a little bit more familiar with. -
1:26 - 1:28If the average person in the CAR --
-
1:28 - 1:30if they can buy six baskets
of goods in a year, -
1:30 - 1:32how many baskets do you think
-
1:32 - 1:34that the average person
in Mexico can buy? -
1:35 - 1:38Take a moment, take a guess,
make a mental note of it. -
1:38 - 1:40We'll come back to that.
-
1:40 - 1:43Now let's look at the largest
of the developed nations, -
1:43 - 1:44the United States.
-
1:44 - 1:46How many baskets of goods
do you guess -
1:46 - 1:49that the average American
can buy in a year? -
1:50 - 1:51Okay, have you got your guesses?
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1:52 - 1:54Here are the answers.
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1:54 - 1:56In our depiction,
each basket is worth -
1:56 - 1:59$100 of buying power per year.
-
2:00 - 2:03Using data from
the International Monetary Fund, -
2:03 - 2:07Real GDP per capita --
in the Central African Republic -- -
2:07 - 2:10it's about $600 per year.
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2:10 - 2:13Just six baskets.
-
2:14 - 2:21Real GDP per capita in Mexico,
in contrast, is $17,800 per year. -
2:21 - 2:24Or 178 baskets.
-
2:25 - 2:26Both of these numbers, by the way,
-
2:26 - 2:30have been converted to dollars
by taking into account -
2:30 - 2:32differences in prices
in these countries. -
2:32 - 2:36These are so-called
purchasing power parity conversions -- -
2:36 - 2:39the most accurate way we know
to compare living standards -
2:39 - 2:41across different countries.
-
2:42 - 2:45Now let's look at Mexico
and the CAR again. -
2:45 - 2:48The average person in Mexico --
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2:48 - 2:54they can buy 29 times
as much stuff in a year -
2:54 - 2:58as the average person
in the Central African Republic. -
2:58 - 3:00What about the average American?
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3:01 - 3:04Well, this is how much
the average American can buy -- -
3:04 - 3:07545 baskets.
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3:07 - 3:11That's three times more
than the average person in Mexico, -
3:11 - 3:14and 90 times more
than the average person -
3:14 - 3:16in the Central African Republic.
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3:16 - 3:19So, when we're talking
about differences in wealth -
3:19 - 3:22between countries --
these are not small differences -- -
3:22 - 3:26but regularly, on the order
of 10, 20, 50, -
3:26 - 3:30sometimes 100 times more
in one country than in another. -
3:30 - 3:33And countries that we might
sometimes lump together in our mind -
3:33 - 3:37as being poor, like Mexico
and the Central African Republic -- -
3:37 - 3:39they're not nearly
in the same league. -
3:39 - 3:41The prosperity in Mexico --
-
3:41 - 3:44it's much closer
to the United States than it is -
3:44 - 3:49to the truly destitute nations,
such as the Central African Republic. -
3:49 - 3:53These huge disparities in wealth,
have they always existed? -
3:53 - 3:56Are countries converging?
Are they diverging? -
3:56 - 3:57Is it getting better or worse?
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3:57 - 3:59Are some countries catching up?
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3:59 - 4:02These are all topics
of some of our upcoming videos, -
4:02 - 4:04so get ready to dig in.
-
4:05 - 4:06[Narrator] If you want
to test yourself, -
4:06 - 4:08click "Practice Questions."
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4:08 - 4:10Or, if you're ready to move on,
-
4:10 - 4:12you can click
"Go to the Next Video." -
4:15 - 4:18You can also visit MRUniversity.com
-
4:18 - 4:20to see our entire library
of videos and resources. -
4:21 - 4:24♪ [music] ♪
- Title:
- Basic Facts of Wealth
- Description:
-
We know that there are rich countries, poor countries, and countries somewhere in between. Economically speaking, Japan isn’t Denmark. Denmark isn’t Madagascar, and Madagascar isn’t Argentina. These countries are all different.
But how different are they?
That question is answered through real GDP per capita—a country’s gross domestic product, divided by its population.
In previous videos, we used real GDP per capita as a quick measure for a country’s standard of living. But real GDP per capita also measures an average citizen’s command over goods and services. It can be a handy benchmark for how much an average person can buy in a year -- that is, his or her purchasing power. And across different countries, purchasing power isn’t the same.
Here comes that word again: it’s different.
How different? That’s another question this video will answer.
In this section of Marginal Revolution University’s course on Principles of Macroeconomics, you’ll find out just how staggering the economic differences are for three countries—the Central African Republic, Mexico, and the United States.
You’ll see why variations in real GDP per capita can be 10 times, 50 times, or sometimes a hundred times as different between one country and another. You’ll also learn why the countries we traditionally lump together as rich, or poor, might sometimes be in leagues all their own.
The whole point of this? We can learn a lot about a country’s wealth and standard of living by looking at real GDP per capita.
But before we give too much away, check out this video -- the first in our section on The Wealth of Nations and Economic Growth.
Macroeconomics Course: http://www.mruniversity.com/courses/p...
Ask a question about the video: http://www.mruniversity.com/courses/p...
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- Marginal Revolution University
- Project:
- Macro
- Duration:
- 04:28
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