Why are we so attached to our things? - Christian Jarrett
-
0:08 - 0:11After witnessing the violent rage
shown by babies -
0:11 - 0:15whenever deprived of an item
they considered their own, -
0:15 - 0:19Jean Piaget, a founding father
of child psychology, -
0:19 - 0:22observed something profound
about human nature. -
0:22 - 0:27Our sense of ownership emerges
incredibly early. -
0:27 - 0:29Why are we so clingy?
-
0:29 - 0:31There's a well-established phenomenon
in psychology -
0:31 - 0:34known as the endowment effect
-
0:34 - 0:39where we value items much more highly
just as soon as we own them. -
0:39 - 0:41In one famous demonstration,
-
0:41 - 0:43students were given a choice
between a coffee mug -
0:43 - 0:46or a Swiss chocolate bar
-
0:46 - 0:49as a reward for helping out with research.
-
0:49 - 0:52Half chose the mug,
and half chose the chocolate. -
0:52 - 0:56That is, they seemed to value
the two rewards similarly. -
0:56 - 0:58Other students were given a mug first
-
0:58 - 1:02and then a surprise chance to swap it
for a chocolate bar, -
1:02 - 1:05but only 11% wanted to.
-
1:05 - 1:08Yet another group
started out with chocolate, -
1:08 - 1:11and most preferred to keep it
rather than swap. -
1:11 - 1:15In other words, the students nearly
always put greater value -
1:15 - 1:18on whichever reward they started out with.
-
1:18 - 1:21Part of this has to do with how quickly
we form connections -
1:21 - 1:26between our sense of self
and the things we consider ours. -
1:26 - 1:29That can even be seen at the neural level.
-
1:29 - 1:33In one experiment, neuroscientists scanned
participants' brains -
1:33 - 1:37while they allocated various objects
either to a basket labeled "mine," -
1:37 - 1:40or another labeled, "Alex's."
-
1:40 - 1:43When participants subsequently looked at
their new things, -
1:43 - 1:46their brains showed more activity
-
1:46 - 1:48in a region that usually
flickers into life -
1:48 - 1:51whenever we think about ourselves.
-
1:51 - 1:53Another reason we're so fond
of our possessions -
1:53 - 1:57is that from a young age
we believe they have a unique essence. -
1:57 - 2:01Psychologists showed us this by using
an illusion -
2:01 - 2:05to convince three to six-year-olds
they built a copying machine, -
2:05 - 2:09a device that could create perfect
replicas of any item. -
2:09 - 2:12When offered a choice between
their favorite toy -
2:12 - 2:14or an apparently exact copy,
-
2:14 - 2:17the majority of the children
favored the original. -
2:17 - 2:23In fact, they were often horrified
at the prospect of taking home a copy. -
2:23 - 2:27This magical thinking about objects
isn't something we grow out of. -
2:27 - 2:32Rather it persists into adulthood
while becoming ever more elaborate. -
2:32 - 2:35For example, consider the huge value
placed on items -
2:35 - 2:37that have been owned by celebrities.
-
2:37 - 2:40It's as if the buyers believed the objects
they'd purchased -
2:40 - 2:45were somehow imbued with the essence
of their former celebrity owners. -
2:45 - 2:49For similar reasons, many of us are
reluctant to part with family heirlooms -
2:49 - 2:53which help us feel connected
to lost loved ones. -
2:53 - 2:57These beliefs can even alter
our perception of the physical world -
2:57 - 2:59and change our athletic abilities.
-
2:59 - 3:03Participants in a recent study were told
they were using a golf putter -
3:03 - 3:06once owned by the champion Ben Curtis.
-
3:06 - 3:07During the experiment,
-
3:07 - 3:11they perceived the hole as being
about a centimeter larger -
3:11 - 3:14than controlled participants
using a standard putter -
3:14 - 3:17and they sank slightly more putts.
-
3:17 - 3:22Although feelings of ownership emerge
early in life, culture also plays a part. -
3:22 - 3:27For example, it was recently discovered
that Hadza people of northern Tanzania -
3:27 - 3:29who are isolated from modern culture
-
3:29 - 3:32don't exhibit the endowment effect.
-
3:32 - 3:35That's possibly because they live
in an egalitarian society -
3:35 - 3:37where almost everything is shared.
-
3:37 - 3:42At the other extreme, sometimes our
attachment to our things can go too far. -
3:42 - 3:47Part of the cause of hoarding disorder
is an exaggerated sense of responsibility -
3:47 - 3:50and protectiveness
toward one's belongings. -
3:50 - 3:55That's why people with this condition find
it so difficult to throw anything away. -
3:55 - 3:57What remains to be seen today
-
3:57 - 4:00is how the nature of our relationship
with our possessions -
4:00 - 4:03will change with the rise
of digital technologies. -
4:03 - 4:07Many have forecast the demise
of physical books and music, -
4:07 - 4:09but for now, at least,
this seems premature. -
4:09 - 4:13Perhaps there will always be something
uniquely satisfying -
4:13 - 4:17about holding an object in our hands
and calling it our own.
- Title:
- Why are we so attached to our things? - Christian Jarrett
- Speaker:
- Christian Jarrett
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-are-we-so-attached-to-our-things-christian-jarrett
After witnessing the “violent rage” shown by babies whenever deprived of an item they considered their own, Jean Piaget – a founding father of child psychology – observed something profound about human nature: Our sense of ownership emerges incredibly early. But why do we become so attached to things? Christian Jarrett details the psychology of ownership.
Lesson by Christian Jarrett, animation by Avi Ofer.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:35
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