The wars that inspired Game of Thrones - Alex Gendler
-
0:07 - 0:08As far as we know,
-
0:08 - 0:12Medieval England was never invaded
by ice zombies, -
0:12 - 0:15or terrorized by dragons,
-
0:15 - 0:19but it was shaken by a power struggle
between two noble families -
0:19 - 0:21spanning generations
-
0:21 - 0:24and involving a massive
cast of characters -
0:24 - 0:28with complex motives
and shifting loyalties. -
0:28 - 0:30If that sounds familiar,
-
0:30 - 0:34it's because the historical conflicts
known as the Wars of the Roses -
0:34 - 0:40served as the basis for much
of the drama in Game of Thrones. -
0:40 - 0:47The real-life seeds of war were sewn
by the death of King Edward III in 1377. -
0:47 - 0:51Edward's oldest son
had died before his father, -
0:51 - 0:54but his ten-year-old son, Richard II,
-
0:54 - 0:59succeeded to the throne
ahead of Edward's three surviving sons. -
0:59 - 1:02This skipping of an entire generation
-
1:02 - 1:06left lingering claims to the throne
among their various offspring, -
1:06 - 1:11particularly the Lancasters,
descended from Edward's third son, -
1:11 - 1:14and the Yorks, descended
from his fourth son. -
1:14 - 1:16The name of the ensuing wars
-
1:16 - 1:20comes from the symbols
associated with the two families, -
1:20 - 1:24the white rose of York
and the red rose of Lancaster. -
1:24 - 1:26The Lancasters first gained the throne
-
1:26 - 1:32when Richard II was deposed
by his cousin Henry IV in 1399. -
1:32 - 1:34Despite sporadic unrest,
-
1:34 - 1:38their reign remained secure until 1422,
-
1:38 - 1:41when Henry V's death
in a military campaign -
1:41 - 1:45left an infant Henry VI as king.
-
1:45 - 1:48Weak-willed and dominated by advisors,
-
1:48 - 1:53Henry was eventually convinced to marry
Margaret of Anjou to gain French support. -
1:53 - 1:56Margaret was beautiful, ambitious,
-
1:56 - 2:00and ruthless in persecuting
any threat to her power, -
2:00 - 2:04and she distrusted
Richard of York, most of all. -
2:04 - 2:07York had been the King's close advisor
and loyal General, -
2:07 - 2:10but was increasingly
sidelined by the Queen, -
2:10 - 2:15who promoted her favorite supporters,
like the Earls of Suffolk and Somerset. -
2:15 - 2:19York's criticism of their inept handling
of the war against France -
2:19 - 2:24led to his exclusion from court
and transfer to Ireland. -
2:24 - 2:26Meanwhile, mounting military failures,
-
2:26 - 2:29and corrupt rule by Margaret
and her allies -
2:29 - 2:32caused widespread discontent,
-
2:32 - 2:34and in the midst of this chaos,
-
2:34 - 2:40Richard of York returned with an army
to arrest Somerset and reform the court. -
2:40 - 2:42Initially unsuccessful,
he soon got his chance -
2:42 - 2:45when he was appointed
Protector of the Realm -
2:45 - 2:48after Henry suffered a mental breakdown.
-
2:48 - 2:50However, less than a year later,
-
2:50 - 2:52Henry suddendly recovered
-
2:52 - 2:56and the Queen convinced him
to reverse York's reforms. -
2:56 - 2:59York fled and raised an army once more.
-
2:59 - 3:01Though he was unable
to directly seize the throne, -
3:01 - 3:04he managed to be reinstated as Protector
-
3:04 - 3:10and have himself and his heirs designated
to succeed Henry. -
3:10 - 3:11But instead of a crown,
-
3:11 - 3:14York's head acquired a pike
-
3:14 - 3:18after he was killed in battle
with the Queen's loyalists. -
3:18 - 3:23His young son took up the claim
and was crowned Edward IV. -
3:23 - 3:26Edward enjoyed great military success
against the Lancasters. -
3:26 - 3:28Henry was captured,
-
3:28 - 3:30while Margaret fled into exile
-
3:30 - 3:34with their reportedly cruel son,
Edward of Westminster. -
3:34 - 3:38But the newly crowned King
made a tragic political mistake -
3:38 - 3:42by backing out of his arranged marriage
with a French Princess -
3:42 - 3:45to secretly marry the widow
of a minor Noble. -
3:45 - 3:49This alienated his most powerful ally,
the Earl of Warwick. -
3:49 - 3:52Warwick allied with the Lancasters,
-
3:52 - 3:56turned Edward's jealous
younger brother, George, against him, -
3:56 - 4:00and even briefly managed
to restore Henry as King, -
4:00 - 4:02but it didn't last.
-
4:02 - 4:04Edward recaptured the throne,
-
4:04 - 4:06the Lancaster Prince was killed in battle,
-
4:06 - 4:11and Henry himself died
in captivity not long after. -
4:11 - 4:14The rest of Edward IV's reign
was peaceful, -
4:14 - 4:18but upon his death in 1483,
the bloodshed resumed. -
4:18 - 4:21Though his twelve-year-old son
was due to succeed him, -
4:21 - 4:26Edward's younger brother Richard III
declared his nephews illegitimate -
4:26 - 4:29due to their father's secret marriage.
-
4:29 - 4:33He assumed the regency himself
and threw the boys in prison. -
4:33 - 4:35Though no one knows what ultimately
became of them, -
4:35 - 4:38after a while, the Princes disappeared
-
4:38 - 4:41and Richard's power seemed secure.
-
4:41 - 4:44But his downfall would come
only two years later -
4:44 - 4:48from across the narrow sea
of the English Channel. -
4:48 - 4:52Henry Tudor was a direct descendant
of the first Duke of Lancaster, -
4:52 - 4:56raised in exile after his father's
death in a previous rebellion. -
4:56 - 5:00With Richard III's power grab
causing a split in the York faction, -
5:00 - 5:04Henry won support for his royal claim.
-
5:04 - 5:08Raising an army in France,
he crossed the Channel in 1485 -
5:08 - 5:11and quickly defeated Richard's forces.
-
5:11 - 5:15And by marrying Elizabeth of York,
elder sister of the disappeared Princes, -
5:15 - 5:20the newly crowned Henry VII
joined the two roses, -
5:20 - 5:24finally ending nearly a century of war.
-
5:24 - 5:28We often think of historical wars
as decisive conflicts -
5:28 - 5:31with clearly defined winners and losers.
-
5:31 - 5:34But the Wars of the Roses,
like the fiction they inspired, -
5:34 - 5:37show us that victories
can be uncertain, -
5:37 - 5:39alliances unstable,
-
5:39 - 5:44and even the power of Kings
as fleeting as the seasons.
- Title:
- The wars that inspired Game of Thrones - Alex Gendler
- Speaker:
- Alex Gendler
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wars-that-inspired-game-of-thrones-alex-gendler
Beginning around 1377, medieval England was shaken by a power struggle between two noble families, which spanned generations and involved a massive cast of characters, complex motives and shifting loyalties. Sound familiar? Alex Gendler illustrates how the historical conflict known as the Wars of the Roses served as the basis for much of the drama in Game of Thrones.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Brett Underhill.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 06:01
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Margarida Ferreira commented on English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jessica Ruby approved English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jessica Ruby accepted English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones | ||
Jennifer Cody edited English subtitles for The wars that inspired Game of Thrones |
Margarida Ferreira
Correct title and description missing.