The taboo secret to better health
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0:01 - 0:03Whenever I get to travel for work,
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0:03 - 0:05I try to find out where my
drinking water comes from, -
0:05 - 0:07and where my poop and pee go.
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0:07 - 0:09(Laughter)
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0:09 - 0:12This has earned me the nickname
"The Poo Princess" in my family, -
0:12 - 0:16and it's ruined many family vacations,
because this is not normal. -
0:17 - 0:22But thinking about where it all goes
is the first step in activating -
0:22 - 0:25what are actually superpowers
in our poop and pee. -
0:25 - 0:26(Laughter)
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0:26 - 0:27Yeah.
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0:27 - 0:28And if we use them well,
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0:28 - 0:30we can live healthier
and more beautifully. -
0:30 - 0:34Check out this landscape
in Santa Fe, New Mexico. -
0:35 - 0:38Just notice what kinds of words
and feelings come to mind. -
0:40 - 0:43This landscape was watered
with treated sewage water. -
0:44 - 0:46Does that change anything for you?
-
0:46 - 0:49I imagine it might.
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0:50 - 0:51And that's OK.
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0:53 - 0:55How we feel about this
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0:55 - 0:59is going to determine exactly
how innovative we can be. -
0:59 - 1:02And I want to explain how it works,
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1:03 - 1:05but what words do I use?
-
1:05 - 1:09I mean, I can use profane words
like "shit" and "piss," -
1:09 - 1:11and then my grandma won't watch the video.
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1:11 - 1:15Or I can use childish words
like "poo" and "pee." Eh. -
1:15 - 1:20Or I can use scientific words
like "excrement" and "feces." Humph. -
1:20 - 1:21I'll use a mix.
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1:21 - 1:23(Laughter)
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1:23 - 1:26It's all I got. (Laughs)
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1:26 - 1:27So, in this suburb,
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1:27 - 1:31the poo and the pee and the wash water
are going to this treatment plant -
1:31 - 1:33right in the middle of the community.
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1:33 - 1:36It looks more like a park
than a treatment plant. -
1:36 - 1:39The poo at the very bottom
of all those layers of gravel -- -
1:39 - 1:41not touching anyone --
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1:41 - 1:44is providing solid food
for those marsh plants. -
1:44 - 1:48And the clean, clear water
that comes out the other end -
1:48 - 1:51is traveling underground
to water each person's yard. -
1:51 - 1:53So even though they're in a desert,
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1:53 - 1:55they get their own personal oasis.
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1:56 - 1:59This approach is called
Integrated Water Management, -
1:59 - 2:02or holistic or closed-loop.
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2:02 - 2:04Whatever you want to call it,
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2:04 - 2:07it's in conflict with the status quo
of how we think about sanitation, -
2:07 - 2:11which is contain, treat, push it away.
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2:11 - 2:14But in this approach,
we're doing one step better. -
2:14 - 2:16We're designing for reuse
from the very beginning, -
2:16 - 2:19because everything does get reused,
-
2:19 - 2:21only now we're planning for it.
-
2:21 - 2:23And often, that makes for
really beautiful spaces. -
2:25 - 2:29But the most important thing
about this system -
2:29 - 2:31isn't the technicals of how it works.
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2:32 - 2:33It's how you feel about it.
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2:34 - 2:36Do you want this in your yard?
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2:37 - 2:38Why not?
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2:38 - 2:41I got really curious about this question.
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2:41 - 2:44Why don't we see more
innovation in sanitation? -
2:44 - 2:47Why isn't that kind of thing
the new normal? -
2:48 - 2:50And I care so much about this question,
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2:50 - 2:52that I work for a nonprofit called Recode.
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2:52 - 2:54We want to accelerate adoption
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2:54 - 2:57of sustainable building
and development practices. -
2:57 - 2:58We want more innovation.
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3:00 - 3:03But a lot of times,
whole categories of innovation -- -
3:03 - 3:06ones that can help us
live more beautifully -- -
3:06 - 3:08turn out to be illegal.
-
3:09 - 3:12Today's regulations and codes
were written under the assumption -
3:12 - 3:16that best practices
would remain best practices, -
3:16 - 3:18with incremental updates forever and ever.
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3:19 - 3:22But innovation isn't always incremental.
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3:22 - 3:26It turns out, how we feel
about any particular new technique -
3:26 - 3:28gets into everything we do:
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3:28 - 3:29how we talk about it,
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3:29 - 3:31how we encourage people to study,
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3:31 - 3:33our jokes, our codes ...
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3:33 - 3:36And it ultimately determines
how innovative we can be. -
3:37 - 3:41So, that's the first reason
we don't innovate in sanitation. -
3:41 - 3:44We're kind of uncomfortable
talking about sanitation, -
3:44 - 3:47that's why I've gotten called
"The Poo Princess" so much. -
3:47 - 3:49The second reason is:
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3:49 - 3:51we think the problem is solved
here in the US. -
3:52 - 3:53But not so.
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3:53 - 3:58Here in the US we still get sick
from drinking shit in our sewage water. -
3:59 - 4:01Seven million people get sick every year,
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4:01 - 4:03900 die annually.
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4:03 - 4:06And we're not taking a holistic
approach to making it better. -
4:07 - 4:09So we're not solving it.
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4:10 - 4:11Where I live in Portland, Oregon,
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4:11 - 4:14I can't take Echo for a swim
during the rainy season, -
4:14 - 4:17because we dump raw sewage
sometimes into our river. -
4:18 - 4:21Our rainwater and our sewage
go to the same treatment plant. -
4:22 - 4:25Too much rain overflows into the river.
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4:26 - 4:28And Portland is not alone here.
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4:28 - 4:31Forty percent of municipalities self-report
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4:31 - 4:35dumping raw or partially treated
sewage into our waterways. -
4:35 - 4:39The other bummer going on here
with our status quo -
4:39 - 4:43is that half of all of your poop and pee
is going to fertilize farmland. -
4:44 - 4:46The other half is being incinerated
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4:46 - 4:47or land-filled.
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4:47 - 4:49And that's a bummer to me,
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4:49 - 4:52because there are amazing nutrients
in your daily doody. -
4:52 - 4:54It is comparable to pig manure;
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4:54 - 4:56we're omnivores, they're omnivores.
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4:57 - 5:01Think of your poo and pee
as a health smoothie for a tree. -
5:01 - 5:04(Laughter)
-
5:05 - 5:07The other bummer going on here
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5:07 - 5:11is that we're quickly moving
all the drugs we take into our waterways. -
5:12 - 5:16The average wastewater treatment plant
can remove maybe half of the drugs -
5:16 - 5:17that come in.
-
5:18 - 5:21The other half goes
right out the other side. -
5:21 - 5:24Consider what a cocktail
of pharmaceuticals -- -
5:24 - 5:26hormones, steroids, Vicodin --
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5:26 - 5:28does to a fish,
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5:28 - 5:29to a dog,
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5:29 - 5:30to a child.
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5:32 - 5:36But this isn't just some problem
that we need to contain. -
5:36 - 5:39If we flip this around,
we can create a resource -
5:39 - 5:41that can solve so many
of our other problems. -
5:42 - 5:44And I want to get you
comfortable with this idea, -
5:44 - 5:48so imagine the things I'm going
to show you, these technologies, -
5:48 - 5:50and this attitude that says,
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5:50 - 5:52"We're going to reuse this.
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5:52 - 5:54Let's design to make it beautiful" --
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5:54 - 5:55as advanced potty training.
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5:56 - 5:57(Laughter)
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5:57 - 5:58I think you're ready for it.
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5:58 - 6:02I think we as a culture are ready
for advanced potty training. -
6:03 - 6:05And there are three great
reasons to enroll today. -
6:05 - 6:06Number one:
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6:07 - 6:09we can fertilize our food.
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6:09 - 6:12Each one of us is pooping
and peeing something -
6:12 - 6:14that could fertilize half
or maybe all of our food, -
6:14 - 6:16depending on our diet.
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6:17 - 6:20That dark brown poo in the toilet
is dark brown because of what? -
6:20 - 6:22Dead stuff, bacteria.
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6:22 - 6:23That's carbon.
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6:23 - 6:26And carbon, if we're getting
that into the soil, -
6:26 - 6:29is going to bind to the other minerals
and nutrients in there. -
6:29 - 6:31Boom! Healthier food.
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6:31 - 6:33Voilà! Healthier people.
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6:34 - 6:38Chemical fertilizers by definition
don't have carbon in them. -
6:39 - 6:45Imagine if we could move our animal manure
and our human manure to our soil, -
6:45 - 6:48we might not need to rely
on fossil fuel-based fertilizers, -
6:48 - 6:50mine minerals from far away.
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6:51 - 6:54Imagine how much energy we could save.
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6:55 - 6:58Now, some of us are concerned
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6:58 - 7:02about industrial pollutants
contaminating this reuse cycle. -
7:03 - 7:05That can be addressed.
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7:05 - 7:10But we need to separate our discomfort
about talking about poo and pee -
7:10 - 7:15so we can calmly talk
about how we want to reuse it -
7:15 - 7:17and what things we don't want to reuse.
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7:17 - 7:19And get this:
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7:20 - 7:22if we change our approach to sanitation,
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7:22 - 7:25we can start to slow down climate change.
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7:26 - 7:28Remember that carbon in the poop?
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7:29 - 7:31If we can get that into our soil bank,
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7:31 - 7:36it's going to start to absorb
carbon dioxide that we put into the air. -
7:36 - 7:38And that could help
slow down global warming. -
7:39 - 7:42I want to show you some brave souls
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7:42 - 7:46who've had the courage to embrace
this advanced potty training approach. -
7:47 - 7:49So those folks in New Mexico --
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7:49 - 7:50why did they do it?
-
7:51 - 7:53'Cause they're in a desert?
'Cause they save money? Yeah. -
7:54 - 7:57But more importantly,
they felt comfortable -
7:58 - 8:01seeing what was going
down the toilet as a resource. -
8:02 - 8:04Here's an average house
in Portland, Oregon. -
8:04 - 8:07This house is special
because they have a composting toilet -
8:07 - 8:11turning all their poo and pee,
over time, into a soil amendment. -
8:12 - 8:14Their wash water, their shower water,
is going underground -
8:14 - 8:16to a series of mulch basins,
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8:17 - 8:19and then watering that orchard downhill.
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8:20 - 8:22When they went to get this permitted,
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8:23 - 8:25it wasn't allowed in Oregon.
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8:25 - 8:28But it was allowed
in five other states nearby. -
8:28 - 8:32That was Recode's -- my organization's --
first code-change campaign. -
8:34 - 8:39Here's a great example where
the Integrated Water Management approach -
8:39 - 8:40was the cheapest.
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8:40 - 8:45This is three high-rise residential
buildings in downtown Portland, -
8:45 - 8:47and they're not flushing
to the sewer system. -
8:47 - 8:48How?
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8:49 - 8:52Well, their wash water
is getting reused to flush toilets, -
8:52 - 8:54cool mechanical systems,
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8:54 - 8:55water the landscape.
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8:56 - 8:59And then once the building
has thoroughly used everything -- -
8:59 - 9:00aka, shat in it --
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9:00 - 9:05it's treated to highest standard
right on-site by plants and bacteria, -
9:05 - 9:09and then infiltrated
into the groundwater right below. -
9:09 - 9:13And all that was cheaper
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9:13 - 9:16than updating the surrounding
sewer infrastructure. -
9:17 - 9:19So that's the last reason
we should get really excited -
9:19 - 9:21about doing things differently:
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9:21 - 9:23we can save a lot of money.
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9:24 - 9:27This was the first permit
of its kind in Oregon. -
9:28 - 9:32Brave and open-minded people
sat down and felt comfortable saying, -
9:32 - 9:34"Yeah, that shit makes sense."
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9:34 - 9:36(Laughter)
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9:36 - 9:38"Let's do it."
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9:38 - 9:39(Applause)
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9:39 - 9:40You know?
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9:40 - 9:42I keep showing examples
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9:42 - 9:44where everyone's reusing
everything on-site. -
9:44 - 9:45Why?
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9:45 - 9:49Well, when we look at our aging
infrastructure -- and it is old -- -
9:49 - 9:51and we look at the cost of updating it,
-
9:51 - 9:55three-quarters of that cost is just
the pipes snaking through our city. -
9:56 - 9:58So as we build anew, as we renovate,
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9:58 - 10:03it might make more sense
to treat and reuse everything on-site. -
10:03 - 10:06San Francisco realized that it made sense
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10:06 - 10:09to invest in rebates for every household
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10:09 - 10:11to reuse their wash water
and their rainwater -
10:11 - 10:13to water the backyard,
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10:13 - 10:17because the amount of water they would
save as a community would be so big. -
10:18 - 10:21But why were all
these projects so innovative? -
10:21 - 10:23The money piece, yeah.
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10:24 - 10:26But more importantly,
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10:26 - 10:29they felt comfortable with this idea
of advanced potty training. -
10:30 - 10:35Imagine if we embraced
innovation for sanitation -
10:35 - 10:38the way we have for, say, solar power.
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10:39 - 10:42Think about it -- solar power used
to be uncommon and unaffordable. -
10:42 - 10:46Now it's more a part
of our web of power than ever before. -
10:46 - 10:48And it's creating resiliency.
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10:48 - 10:51We now have sources of power like the sun
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10:51 - 10:53that don't vary with our earthly dramas.
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10:54 - 10:56What's driving all that innovation?
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10:57 - 10:58It's us.
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10:58 - 11:00We're talking about energy.
-
11:00 - 11:03It's cool to talk about energy.
-
11:04 - 11:06Some folks are even talking
about the problems -
11:06 - 11:09with the limited resources
where our current energy is coming from. -
11:09 - 11:13We encourage our best and brightest
to work on this issue -- -
11:13 - 11:17better solar panels,
better batteries, everything. -
11:18 - 11:21So let's talk about where
our drinking water is coming from, -
11:21 - 11:24where our poo and pee are actually going.
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11:24 - 11:29If we can get over this discomfort
with this entire topic, -
11:29 - 11:32we could create something
that creates our future goldmine. -
11:33 - 11:35Every time you flush the toilet,
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11:35 - 11:36I want you to think,
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11:36 - 11:38"Where is my poop and pee going?
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11:38 - 11:40Will they be gainfully employed?"
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11:40 - 11:42(Laughter)
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11:42 - 11:45"Or are they going to be wreaking
havoc in some waterway?" -
11:45 - 11:47If you don't know, find out.
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11:47 - 11:49And if you don't like the answer,
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11:49 - 11:52figure out how you can communicate
to those who can drive this change -
11:52 - 11:56that you have advanced potty training,
that you are ready for reuse. -
11:56 - 11:59How all of you feel
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11:59 - 12:02is going to determine exactly
how innovative we can be. -
12:02 - 12:03Thank you so much.
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12:03 - 12:09(Applause)
- Title:
- The taboo secret to better health
- Speaker:
- Molly Winter
- Description:
-
Our poop and pee have superpowers, but for the most part we don't harness them. Molly Winter faces down our squeamishness and asks us to see what goes down the toilet as a resource, one that can help fight climate change, spur innovation and even save us money.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 12:21
Brian Greene commented on English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for The taboo secret to healthier plants and people | ||
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Brian Greene
The headline for this talk was updated on September 12, 2016.
The new headline is: "The taboo secret to better health"