It’s our city. Let’s fix it
-
0:01 - 0:05Fifty-four percent of the world's population
-
0:05 - 0:08lives in our cities.
-
0:08 - 0:09In developing countries,
-
0:09 - 0:11one third of that population
-
0:11 - 0:14is living in slums.
-
0:14 - 0:19Seventy-five percent of global energy consumption
-
0:19 - 0:22occurs in our cities,
-
0:22 - 0:25and 80 percent of gas emissions
-
0:25 - 0:26that cause global warming
-
0:26 - 0:29come from our cities.
-
0:29 - 0:32So things that you and I might think about
-
0:32 - 0:35as global problems,
-
0:35 - 0:37like climate change, the energy crisis
-
0:37 - 0:39or poverty,
-
0:39 - 0:44are really, in many ways, city problems.
-
0:44 - 0:46They will not be solved
-
0:46 - 0:49unless people who live in cities,
-
0:49 - 0:51like most of us,
-
0:51 - 0:53actually start doing a better job,
-
0:53 - 0:57because right now, we are
not doing a very good one. -
0:57 - 1:01And that becomes very clear
-
1:01 - 1:04when we look into three aspects of city life:
-
1:04 - 1:09first, our citizens' willingness to engage
-
1:09 - 1:11with democratic institutions;
-
1:11 - 1:16second, our cities' ability to really include
-
1:16 - 1:19all of their residents;
-
1:19 - 1:22and lastly, our own ability
-
1:22 - 1:26to live fulfilling and happy lives.
-
1:26 - 1:28When it comes to engagement,
-
1:28 - 1:31the data is very clear.
-
1:31 - 1:33Voter turnout around the world
-
1:33 - 1:36peaked in the late '80s,
-
1:36 - 1:37and it has been declining at a pace
-
1:37 - 1:41that we have never seen before,
-
1:41 - 1:44and if those numbers are bad at the national level,
-
1:44 - 1:46at the level of our cities,
-
1:46 - 1:49they are just dismal.
-
1:49 - 1:51In the last two years,
-
1:51 - 1:53two of the world's most consolidated,
-
1:53 - 1:57oldest democracies, the U.S. and France,
-
1:57 - 2:01held nationwide municipal elections.
-
2:01 - 2:05In France, voter turnout hit a record low.
-
2:05 - 2:09Almost 40 percent of voters decided
-
2:09 - 2:12not to show up.
-
2:12 - 2:15In the U.S., the numbers were even scarier.
-
2:15 - 2:17In some American cities,
-
2:17 - 2:22voter turnout was close to five percent.
-
2:22 - 2:24I'll let that sink in for a second.
-
2:24 - 2:26We're talking about democratic cities
-
2:26 - 2:30in which 95 percent of people
-
2:30 - 2:32decided that it was not important
-
2:32 - 2:35to elect their leaders.
-
2:35 - 2:38The city of L.A., a city of four million people,
-
2:38 - 2:43elected its mayor with just a bit over 200,000 votes.
-
2:43 - 2:46That was the lowest turnout the city had seen
-
2:46 - 2:49in 100 years.
-
2:49 - 2:52Right here, in my city of Rio,
-
2:52 - 2:55in spite of mandatory voting,
-
2:55 - 2:58almost 30 percent of the voting population
-
2:58 - 3:01chose to either annul their votes
-
3:01 - 3:03or stay home and pay a fine
-
3:03 - 3:07in the last mayoral elections.
-
3:07 - 3:09When it comes to inclusiveness,
-
3:09 - 3:12our cities are not the best cases of success either,
-
3:12 - 3:15and again, you don't need to look very far
-
3:15 - 3:17in order to find proof of that.
-
3:17 - 3:21The city of Rio is incredibly unequal.
-
3:21 - 3:23This is Leblon.
-
3:23 - 3:26Leblon is the city's richest neighborhood.
-
3:26 - 3:29And this is Complexo do Alemão.
-
3:29 - 3:31This is where over 70,000
-
3:31 - 3:34of the city's poorest residents live.
-
3:34 - 3:38Leblon has an HDI, a Human Development Index,
-
3:38 - 3:41of .967.
-
3:41 - 3:45That is higher than Norway, Switzerland
-
3:45 - 3:47or Sweden.
-
3:47 - 3:51Complexo do Alemão has an HDI of .711.
-
3:51 - 3:54It sits somewhere in between the HDI
-
3:54 - 3:57of Algeria and Gabon.
-
3:57 - 4:02So Rio, like so many cities across the global South,
-
4:02 - 4:05is a place where you can go from northern Europe
-
4:05 - 4:07to sub-Saharan Africa
-
4:07 - 4:10in the space of 30 minutes.
-
4:10 - 4:12If you drive, that is.
-
4:12 - 4:16If you take public transit, it's about two hours.
-
4:16 - 4:20And lastly, perhaps most importantly,
-
4:20 - 4:23cities, with the incredible wealth
-
4:23 - 4:25of relations that they enable,
-
4:25 - 4:29could be the ideal places for human happiness
-
4:29 - 4:31to flourish.
-
4:31 - 4:33We like being around people.
-
4:33 - 4:35We are social animals.
-
4:35 - 4:38Instead, countries where urbanization
-
4:38 - 4:42has already peaked seem to be the very countries
-
4:42 - 4:47in which cities have stopped making us happy.
-
4:47 - 4:49The United States population has suffered
-
4:49 - 4:52from a general decrease in happiness
-
4:52 - 4:56for the past three decades,
-
4:56 - 4:59and the main reason is this.
-
4:59 - 5:02The American way of building cities
-
5:02 - 5:04has caused good quality public spaces
-
5:04 - 5:06to virtually disappear in many,
-
5:06 - 5:08many American cities,
-
5:08 - 5:10and as a result, they have seen
-
5:10 - 5:13a decline of relations,
-
5:13 - 5:15of the things that make us happy.
-
5:15 - 5:17Many studies show an increase
-
5:17 - 5:21in solitude and a decrease in solidarity,
-
5:21 - 5:26honesty, and social and civic participation.
-
5:26 - 5:30So how do we start building cities
-
5:30 - 5:32that make us care?
-
5:32 - 5:37Cities that value their most important asset:
-
5:37 - 5:39the incredible diversity
-
5:39 - 5:42of the people who live in them?
-
5:42 - 5:45Cities that make us happy?
-
5:45 - 5:48Well, I believe that if we want to change
-
5:48 - 5:50what our cities look like,
-
5:50 - 5:53then we really have to change
-
5:53 - 5:56the decision-making processes
-
5:56 - 5:59that have given us the results
that we have right now. -
5:59 - 6:02We need a participation revolution,
-
6:02 - 6:05and we need it fast.
-
6:05 - 6:11The idea of voting as our
only exercise in citizenship -
6:11 - 6:14does not make sense anymore.
-
6:14 - 6:16People are tired of only being treated
-
6:16 - 6:20as empowered individuals every few years
-
6:20 - 6:24when it's time to delegate that power
-
6:24 - 6:26to someone else.
-
6:26 - 6:29If the protests that swept Brazil
-
6:29 - 6:34in June 2013 have taught us anything,
-
6:34 - 6:37it's that every time we try
-
6:37 - 6:39to exercise our power
-
6:39 - 6:42outside of an electoral context,
-
6:42 - 6:47we are beaten up, humiliated or arrested.
-
6:47 - 6:50And this needs to change,
-
6:50 - 6:53because when it does,
-
6:53 - 6:55not only will people re-engage
-
6:55 - 6:57with the structures of representation,
-
6:57 - 7:01but also complement these structures
-
7:01 - 7:08with direct, effective, and
collective decision making, -
7:08 - 7:09decision making of the kind
-
7:09 - 7:12that attacks inequality
-
7:12 - 7:15by its very inclusive nature,
-
7:15 - 7:17decision making of the kind
-
7:17 - 7:19that can change our cities
-
7:19 - 7:22into better places for us to live.
-
7:22 - 7:25But there is a catch, obviously:
-
7:25 - 7:28Enabling widespread participation
-
7:28 - 7:30and redistributing power
-
7:30 - 7:33can be a logistical nightmare,
-
7:33 - 7:35and there's where technology can play
-
7:35 - 7:37an incredibly helpful role,
-
7:37 - 7:40by making it easier for people to organize,
-
7:40 - 7:42communicate and make decisions
-
7:42 - 7:45without having to be in the same room
-
7:45 - 7:47at the same time.
-
7:47 - 7:49Unfortunately for us,
-
7:49 - 7:52when it comes to fostering democratic processes,
-
7:52 - 7:55our city governments have not used technology
-
7:55 - 7:58to its full potential.
-
7:58 - 8:01So far, most city governments have been effective
-
8:01 - 8:06at using tech to turn citizens into human sensors
-
8:06 - 8:09who serve authorities with data on the city:
-
8:09 - 8:13potholes, fallen trees or broken lamps.
-
8:13 - 8:16They have also, to a lesser extent,
-
8:16 - 8:19invited people to participate in improving
-
8:19 - 8:21the outcome of decisions
-
8:21 - 8:24that were already made for them,
-
8:24 - 8:26just like my mom when I was eight
-
8:26 - 8:28and she told me that I had a choice:
-
8:28 - 8:29I had to be in bed by 8 p.m.,
-
8:29 - 8:33but I could choose my pink
pajamas or my blue pajamas. -
8:33 - 8:35That's not participation,
-
8:35 - 8:39and in fact, governments have not been very good
-
8:39 - 8:42at using technology to enable participation
-
8:42 - 8:44on what matters —
-
8:44 - 8:46the way we allocate our budget,
-
8:46 - 8:49the way we occupy our land,
-
8:49 - 8:52and the way we manage our natural resources.
-
8:52 - 8:54Those are the kinds of decisions
-
8:54 - 8:57that can actually impact global problems
-
8:57 - 9:01that manifest themselves in our cities.
-
9:01 - 9:03The good news is,
-
9:03 - 9:04and I do have good news to share with you,
-
9:04 - 9:09we don't need to wait for governments to do this.
-
9:09 - 9:11I have reason to believe
-
9:11 - 9:13that it's possible for citizens to build
-
9:13 - 9:18their own structures of participation.
-
9:18 - 9:21Three years ago, I cofounded an organization
-
9:21 - 9:23called Meu Rio,
-
9:23 - 9:26and we make it easier for people in the city of Rio
-
9:26 - 9:30to organize around causes and places
-
9:30 - 9:32that they care about in their own city,
-
9:32 - 9:35and have an impact on those causes and places
-
9:35 - 9:37every day.
-
9:37 - 9:40In these past three years, Meu Rio grew
-
9:40 - 9:46to a network of 160,000 citizens of Rio.
-
9:46 - 9:50About 40 percent of those
members are young people -
9:50 - 9:52aged 20 to 29.
-
9:52 - 9:57That is one in every 15 young people
-
9:57 - 10:01of that age in Rio today.
-
10:01 - 10:04Amongst our members is this adorable little girl,
-
10:04 - 10:07Bia, to your right,
-
10:07 - 10:10and Bia was just 11 years old
-
10:10 - 10:13when she started a campaign using one of our tools
-
10:13 - 10:16to save her model public school from demolition.
-
10:16 - 10:18Her school actually ranks among the best
-
10:18 - 10:21public schools in the country,
-
10:21 - 10:22and it was going to be demolished
-
10:22 - 10:25by the Rio de Janeiro state government
-
10:25 - 10:27to build, I kid you not,
-
10:27 - 10:30a parking lot for the World Cup
-
10:30 - 10:32right before the event happened.
-
10:32 - 10:34Bia started a campaign, and we even watched
-
10:34 - 10:38her school 24/7 through webcam monitoring,
-
10:38 - 10:40and many months afterwards,
-
10:40 - 10:41the government changed their minds.
-
10:41 - 10:44Bia's school stayed in place.
-
10:44 - 10:46There's also Jovita.
-
10:46 - 10:49She's an amazing woman whose daughter
-
10:49 - 10:51went missing about 10 years ago,
-
10:51 - 10:54and since then, she has been looking
-
10:54 - 10:55for her daughter.
-
10:55 - 10:58In that process, she found out
-
10:58 - 11:00that first, she was not alone.
-
11:00 - 11:03In the last year alone, 2013,
-
11:03 - 11:056,000 people disappeared
-
11:05 - 11:07in the state of Rio.
-
11:07 - 11:09But she also found out that in spite of that,
-
11:09 - 11:13Rio had no centralized intelligence system
-
11:13 - 11:17for solving missing persons cases.
-
11:17 - 11:19In other Brazilian cities, those systems
-
11:19 - 11:22have helped solve up to 80 percent
-
11:22 - 11:24of missing persons cases.
-
11:24 - 11:25She started a campaign,
-
11:25 - 11:29and after the secretary of
security got 16,000 emails -
11:29 - 11:32from people asking him to do this,
-
11:32 - 11:35he responded, and started to build a police unit
-
11:35 - 11:37specializing in those cases.
-
11:37 - 11:40It was open to the public at the end of last month,
-
11:40 - 11:42and Jovita was there
-
11:42 - 11:45giving interviews and being very fancy.
-
11:45 - 11:47And then, there is Leandro.
-
11:47 - 11:49Leandro is an amazing guy
-
11:49 - 11:51in a slum in Rio,
-
11:51 - 11:54and he created a recycling project in the slum.
-
11:54 - 11:57At the end of last year, December 16,
-
11:57 - 11:59he received an eviction order
-
11:59 - 12:01by the Rio de Janeiro state government
-
12:01 - 12:05giving him two weeks to leave the space
-
12:05 - 12:08that he had been using for two years.
-
12:08 - 12:11The plan was to hand it over to a developer,
-
12:11 - 12:14who planned to turn it into a construction site.
-
12:14 - 12:17Leandro started a campaign using one of our tools,
-
12:17 - 12:19the Pressure Cooker,
-
12:19 - 12:21the same one that Bia and Jovita used,
-
12:21 - 12:24and the state government changed their minds
-
12:24 - 12:28before Christmas Eve.
-
12:28 - 12:31These stories make me happy,
-
12:31 - 12:34but not just because they have happy endings.
-
12:34 - 12:36They make me happy because they are
-
12:36 - 12:39happy beginnings.
-
12:39 - 12:42The teacher and parent community at Bia's school
-
12:42 - 12:43is looking for other ways they could improve
-
12:43 - 12:47that space even further.
-
12:47 - 12:49Leandro has ambitious plans
-
12:49 - 12:52to take his model to other
low-income communities in Rio, -
12:52 - 12:55and Jovita is volunteering at the police unit
-
12:55 - 12:58that she helped created.
-
12:58 - 13:00Bia, Jovita and Leandro
-
13:00 - 13:02are living examples of something
-
13:02 - 13:06that citizens and city
governments around the world -
13:06 - 13:08need to know:
-
13:08 - 13:12We are ready.
-
13:12 - 13:15As citizens, we are ready
-
13:15 - 13:18to decide on our common destinies,
-
13:18 - 13:22because we know that the way we distribute power
-
13:22 - 13:27says a lot about how we actually value everyone,
-
13:27 - 13:29and because we know
-
13:29 - 13:33that enabling and participating in local politics
-
13:33 - 13:35is a sign that we truly care
-
13:35 - 13:37about our relations to one another,
-
13:37 - 13:39and we are ready to do this
-
13:39 - 13:43in cities around the world right now.
-
13:43 - 13:45With the Our Cities network,
-
13:45 - 13:47the Meu Rio team
-
13:47 - 13:49hopes to share what we have learned
-
13:49 - 13:51with other people who want to create
-
13:51 - 13:54similar initiatives in their own cities.
-
13:54 - 13:56We have already started doing it in São Paulo
-
13:56 - 13:58with incredible results,
-
13:58 - 14:01and want to take it to cities around the world
-
14:01 - 14:04through a network of citizen-centric,
-
14:04 - 14:07citizen-led organizations
-
14:07 - 14:09that can inspire us,
-
14:09 - 14:12challenge us, and remind us to demand
-
14:12 - 14:17real participation in our city lives.
-
14:17 - 14:19It is up to us
-
14:19 - 14:22to decide whether we want schools
-
14:22 - 14:24or parking lots,
-
14:24 - 14:27community-driven recycling projects
-
14:27 - 14:29or construction sites,
-
14:29 - 14:32loneliness or solidarity, cars or buses,
-
14:32 - 14:35and it is our responsibility to do that now,
-
14:35 - 14:39for ourselves, for our families,
-
14:39 - 14:43for the people who make our lives worth living,
-
14:43 - 14:46and for the incredible creativity,
-
14:46 - 14:49beauty, and wonder that make our cities,
-
14:49 - 14:52in spite of all of their problems,
-
14:52 - 14:55the greatest invention of our time.
-
14:55 - 14:58Obrigado. Thank you.
-
14:58 - 15:01(Applause)
- Title:
- It’s our city. Let’s fix it
- Speaker:
- Alessandra Orofino
- Description:
-
Too often, people feel checked out of politics — even at the level of their own city. But urban activist Alessandra Orofino thinks that can change, using a mix of tech and old-fashioned human connection. Sharing examples from her hometown of Rio, she says: "It is up to us to decide whether we want schools or parking lots, recycling projects or construction sites, cars or buses, loneliness or solidarity."
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 15:15
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Madeleine Aronson accepted English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for It’s our city. Let’s fix it |