The magic of the Amazon: A river that flows invisibly all around us
-
0:00 - 0:02What do you guys think?
-
0:03 - 0:07For those who watched
Sir Ken's memorable TED Talk, -
0:07 - 0:10I am a typical example
of what he describes -
0:10 - 0:13as "the body as a form
of transport for the head," -
0:13 - 0:16a university professor.
-
0:16 - 0:19You might think it was not fair
-
0:19 - 0:22that I've been lined up to speak
after these first two talks -
0:22 - 0:24to speak about science.
-
0:25 - 0:28I can't move my body to the beat,
-
0:28 - 0:31and after a scientist
who became a philosopher, -
0:31 - 0:33I have to talk about hard science.
-
0:33 - 0:36It could be a very dry subject.
-
0:36 - 0:40Yet, I feel honored.
-
0:40 - 0:41Never in my career,
-
0:41 - 0:43and it's been a long career,
-
0:43 - 0:45have I had the opportunity to start a talk
-
0:45 - 0:48feeling so inspired, like this one.
-
0:48 - 0:52Usually, talking about science
-
0:52 - 0:55is like exercising in a dry place.
-
0:56 - 1:00However, I've had the pleasure
-
1:00 - 1:03of being invited to come here
to talk about water. -
1:04 - 1:07The words "water" and "dry"
do not match, right? -
1:07 - 1:11It is even better to talk about
water in the Amazon, -
1:11 - 1:16which is the splendid cradle
of life. Fresh life. -
1:16 - 1:18So this is what inspired me.
-
1:18 - 1:20That's why I'm here,
although I'm carrying -
1:20 - 1:22my head over here.
-
1:22 - 1:26I am trying, or will try to convey
this inspiration. -
1:26 - 1:30I hope this story will inspire you
and that you'll spread the word. -
1:31 - 1:36We know that there is controversy.
-
1:36 - 1:38The Amazon is the "lung of the world,"
-
1:39 - 1:44because of its massive power
to have vital gases exchanged -
1:44 - 1:46between the forest and the atmosphere.
-
1:46 - 1:50We also hear about
the storehouse of biodiversity. -
1:50 - 1:55While many believe it,
-
1:55 - 1:56few know it.
-
1:56 - 1:58If you go out there, in this marsh,
-
1:58 - 2:02you'll be amazed at the --
-
2:02 - 2:04You can barely see the animals.
-
2:04 - 2:08The Indians say, "The forest
has more eyes than leaves." -
2:08 - 2:11That is true, and I will try
to show you something. -
2:11 - 2:14But today, I'm going to use
a different approach, -
2:14 - 2:17one that is inspired by these
two initiatives here, -
2:17 - 2:20a harmonic one and a philosophical one.
-
2:20 - 2:24I'll try to use an approach
that's slightly materialistic, -
2:24 - 2:27but it also attempts to convey
that, in nature, there is -
2:27 - 2:30extraordinary philosophy and harmony.
-
2:30 - 2:32There'll be no music in my presentation,
-
2:32 - 2:36but I hope you'll all notice the music
of the reality I'm going to show you. -
2:36 - 2:39I'm going to talk about physiology —
not about lungs, -
2:39 - 2:43but other analogies with human physiology,
-
2:43 - 2:45especially the heart.
-
2:45 - 2:47We'll start
-
2:49 - 2:54by thinking that water is like blood.
-
2:54 - 2:59The circulation in our body
distributes fresh blood, -
2:59 - 3:02which feeds, nurtures and supports us,
-
3:02 - 3:06and brings the used blood back
to be renewed. -
3:06 - 3:11In the Amazon, things happen similarly.
-
3:11 - 3:16We'll start by talking about
the power of all these processes. -
3:16 - 3:20This is an image
-
3:20 - 3:23of rain in motion.
-
3:23 - 3:27What you see there
is the years passing in seconds. -
3:27 - 3:30Rains all over the world.
What do you see? -
3:30 - 3:32The equatorial region, in general,
-
3:32 - 3:34and the Amazon specifically,
-
3:34 - 3:37is extremely important
for the world's climate. -
3:37 - 3:39It's a powerful engine.
-
3:39 - 3:44There is a frantic evaporation
taking place here. -
3:44 - 3:47If we take a look at this other image,
-
3:47 - 3:50which shows the water vapor flow,
-
3:50 - 3:53you have dry air in black,
moist air in gray, -
3:53 - 3:54and clouds in white.
-
3:54 - 4:00What you see there is an extraordinary
resurgence in the Amazon. -
4:00 - 4:02What phenomenon -- if it's not a desert,
-
4:02 - 4:07what phenomenon makes water
gush from the ground into the atmosphere -
4:07 - 4:10with such power
that it can be seen from space? -
4:10 - 4:12What phenomenon is this?
-
4:12 - 4:15It could be a geyser.
-
4:15 - 4:19A geyser is underground water
heated by magma, -
4:19 - 4:20exploding into the atmosphere
-
4:20 - 4:24and transferring this water
into the atmosphere. -
4:24 - 4:27There are no geysers in the Amazon,
unless I am wrong. -
4:27 - 4:29I don't know of any.
-
4:29 - 4:33But we have something
that plays the same role, -
4:33 - 4:36with much more elegance though:
-
4:36 - 4:39the trees, our good old friends
-
4:39 - 4:42that, like geysers,
-
4:42 - 4:47can transfer an enormous amount of water
from the ground into the atmosphere. -
4:47 - 4:53There are 600 billion trees
in the Amazon forest, 600 billion geysers. -
4:53 - 4:57That is done with
an extraordinary sophistication. -
4:57 - 4:58They don't need the heat of magma.
-
4:58 - 5:01They use sunlight to do this process.
-
5:01 - 5:05So, in a typical sunny day in the Amazon,
-
5:05 - 5:08a big tree manages
to transfer 1,000 liters of water -
5:08 - 5:10through its transpiration --
-
5:10 - 5:111,000 liters.
-
5:11 - 5:17If we take all the Amazon,
-
5:17 - 5:19which is a very large area,
-
5:19 - 5:22and add it up to all that water
that is released by transpiration, -
5:22 - 5:24which is the sweat of the forest,
-
5:24 - 5:27we'll get to an incredible number:
-
5:27 - 5:3020 billion metric tons of water.
-
5:30 - 5:31In one day.
-
5:31 - 5:34Do you know how much that is?
-
5:34 - 5:36The Amazon River,
the largest river on Earth, -
5:36 - 5:38one fifth of all the fresh water
-
5:38 - 5:41that leaves the continents of the
whole world and ends up in the oceans, -
5:41 - 5:46dumps 17 billion metric tons
of water a day in the Atlantic Ocean. -
5:46 - 5:47This river of vapor
-
5:47 - 5:50that comes up from the forest
and goes into the atmosphere -
5:50 - 5:51is greater than the Amazon River.
-
5:51 - 5:53Just to give you an idea.
-
5:53 - 5:57If we could take a gigantic kettle,
-
5:57 - 6:00the kind you could plug into
a power socket, an electric one, -
6:00 - 6:02and put those 20 billion
metric tons of water in it, -
6:02 - 6:05how much power would you need
to have this water evaporated? -
6:05 - 6:08Any idea? A really big kettle.
-
6:08 - 6:10A gigantic kettle, right?
-
6:10 - 6:1350 thousand Itaipus.
-
6:13 - 6:16Itaipu is still the largest
hydroelectric plant in the world. -
6:16 - 6:18and Brazil is very proud of it
-
6:18 - 6:20because it provides more
than 30 percent of the power -
6:20 - 6:22that is consumed in Brazil.
-
6:22 - 6:27And the Amazon is here,
doing this for free. -
6:27 - 6:32It's a vivid and extremely powerful plant,
providing environmental services. -
6:34 - 6:36Related to this subject,
-
6:36 - 6:39we are going to talk about
what I call the paradox of chance, -
6:39 - 6:41which is curious.
-
6:41 - 6:42If you look at the world map --
-
6:42 - 6:44it's easy to see this --
-
6:44 - 6:47you'll see that there are forests
in the equatorial zone, -
6:47 - 6:50and deserts are organized
at 30 degrees north latitude, -
6:50 - 6:5330 degrees south latitude, aligned.
-
6:53 - 6:56Look over there, in the southern
hemisphere, the Atacama; -
6:56 - 6:59Namibia and Kalahari in Africa;
the Australian desert. -
6:59 - 7:02In the northern hemisphere,
the Sahara, Sonoran, etc. -
7:02 - 7:06There is an exception, and it's curious:
-
7:06 - 7:10It's the quadrangle that ranges from
Cuiabá to Buenos Aires, -
7:10 - 7:11and from São Paulo to the Andes.
-
7:11 - 7:14This quadrangle
was supposed to be a desert. -
7:14 - 7:17It's on the line of deserts.
-
7:17 - 7:20Why isn't it? That's why
I call it the paradox of chance. -
7:20 - 7:23What do we have in South America
that is different? -
7:24 - 7:26If we could use the analogy
-
7:26 - 7:31of the blood circulating in our bodies,
-
7:31 - 7:34like the water
circulating in the landscape, -
7:34 - 7:38we see that rivers are veins,
-
7:38 - 7:42they drain the landscape,
they drain the tissue of nature. -
7:42 - 7:44Where are the arteries?
-
7:44 - 7:46Any guess?
-
7:46 - 7:48What takes --
-
7:48 - 7:53How does water get to irrigate
the tissues of nature -
7:53 - 7:57and bring everything back through rivers?
-
7:57 - 8:00There is a new type of river,
-
8:00 - 8:03which originates in the blue sea,
-
8:03 - 8:06which flows through the green ocean --
-
8:06 - 8:09it not only flows, but it is also
pumped by the green ocean -- -
8:09 - 8:12and then it falls on our land.
-
8:12 - 8:15All our economy, that quadrangle,
-
8:15 - 8:1970 percent of South America's
GDP comes from that area. -
8:19 - 8:21It depends on this river.
-
8:21 - 8:23This river flows invisibly above us.
-
8:23 - 8:25We are floating here
on this floating hotel, -
8:25 - 8:28on one of the largest rivers on Earth,
the Negro River. -
8:28 - 8:31It's a bit dry and rough,
but we are floating here, -
8:31 - 8:34and there is this
invisible river running above us. -
8:34 - 8:38This river has a pulse.
-
8:38 - 8:40Here it is, pulsing.
-
8:40 - 8:42That's why we also talk about the heart.
-
8:42 - 8:44You can see the different seasons there.
-
8:44 - 8:48There's the rainy season. In the Amazon,
we used to have two seasons, -
8:48 - 8:50the humid season
and the even more humid season. -
8:50 - 8:52Now we have a dry season.
-
8:52 - 8:55You can see the river covering that region
-
8:55 - 8:58which, otherwise, would be a desert.
And it is not. -
9:02 - 9:05We, scientists --
You see that I'm struggling here -
9:05 - 9:08to move my head
from one side to the other. -
9:08 - 9:13Scientists study how it works, why, etc.
-
9:13 - 9:18and these studies
are generating a series of discoveries, -
9:18 - 9:19which are absolutely fabulous,
-
9:19 - 9:22to raise our awareness of the wealth,
-
9:22 - 9:25the complexity,
and the wonder that we have, -
9:25 - 9:28the symphony we have in this process.
-
9:28 - 9:30One of them is: How is rain formed?
-
9:30 - 9:34Above the Amazon, there is clean air,
-
9:34 - 9:35as there is clean air above the ocean.
-
9:35 - 9:38The blue sea has clean air above it
and forms pretty few clouds; -
9:38 - 9:40there's almost no rain there.
-
9:40 - 9:44The green ocean has the same clean air,
but forms a lot of rain. -
9:44 - 9:47What is happening here that is different?
-
9:47 - 9:48The forest emits smells,
-
9:48 - 9:51and these smells are condensation nuclei,
-
9:51 - 9:54which form drops in the atmosphere.
-
9:54 - 9:59Then, clouds are formed
and there is torrential rain. -
9:59 - 10:01The sprinkler of the Garden of Eden.
-
10:02 - 10:07This relation between a living thing,
which is the forest, -
10:07 - 10:10and a nonliving thing,
which is the atmosphere, -
10:10 - 10:12is ingenious in the Amazon,
-
10:12 - 10:17because the forest provides
water and seeds, -
10:17 - 10:20and the atmosphere forms the rain
and gives water back, -
10:20 - 10:24guaranteeing the forest's survival.
-
10:24 - 10:26There are other factors as well.
-
10:26 - 10:28We've talked a little about the heart,
-
10:28 - 10:31and let's now talk about
another function: the liver! -
10:31 - 10:36When humid air, high humidity
and radiation are combined -
10:36 - 10:38with these organic compounds,
-
10:38 - 10:43which I call exogenous vitamin C,
generous vitamin C in the form of gas, -
10:43 - 10:46the plants release antioxidants
-
10:46 - 10:49which react with pollutants.
-
10:49 - 10:50You can rest assured
-
10:50 - 10:54that you are breathing the purest air
on Earth, here in the Amazon, -
10:54 - 10:57because the plants take care
of this characteristic as well. -
10:57 - 11:00This benefits the very way plants work,
-
11:00 - 11:02which is another ingenious cycle.
-
11:02 - 11:06Speaking of fractals,
-
11:06 - 11:08and their relation with the way we work,
-
11:08 - 11:10we can establish other comparisons.
-
11:10 - 11:14As in the upper airways of our lungs,
-
11:14 - 11:18the air in the Amazon
gets cleaned up from the excess of dust. -
11:18 - 11:22The dust in the air that we breathe
is cleaned by our airways. -
11:22 - 11:26This keeps the excess of dust
from affecting the rainfall. -
11:26 - 11:27When there are fires in the Amazon,
-
11:27 - 11:30the smoke stops the rain,
it stops raining, -
11:30 - 11:32the forest dries up and catches fire.
-
11:32 - 11:35There is another fractal analogy.
-
11:35 - 11:37Like in the veins and arteries,
-
11:37 - 11:40the rain water is a feedback.
-
11:40 - 11:42It returns to the atmosphere.
-
11:42 - 11:46Like endocrinal glands and hormones,
-
11:46 - 11:49there are those gases
which I told you about before, -
11:49 - 11:52that are formed and released
into the atmosphere, like hormones, -
11:52 - 11:55which help in the formation of rain.
-
11:55 - 11:59Like the liver and the kidneys,
as I've said, cleaning the air. -
11:59 - 12:01And, finally, like the heart:
-
12:01 - 12:06pumping water from outside, from the sea,
-
12:06 - 12:08into the forest.
-
12:08 - 12:12We call it the biotic moisture pump,
-
12:12 - 12:16a new theory that is explained
in a very simple way. -
12:16 - 12:18If there is a desert in the continent
-
12:18 - 12:20with a nearby sea,
-
12:20 - 12:22evaporation's greater on the sea,
-
12:22 - 12:25and it sucks the air above the desert.
-
12:25 - 12:29The desert is trapped in this condition.
It will always be dry. -
12:29 - 12:32If you have
the opposite situation, a forest, -
12:32 - 12:35the evaporation, as we showed,
is much greater, because of the trees, -
12:35 - 12:37and this relation is reversed.
-
12:37 - 12:39The air above the sea
is sucked into the continent -
12:39 - 12:42and humidity is imported.
-
12:42 - 12:47This satellite image
was taken one month ago — -
12:47 - 12:49that's Manaus down there,
we're down there — -
12:49 - 12:50and it shows this process.
-
12:50 - 12:53It's not a common little river
that flows into a canal. -
12:53 - 12:58It's a mighty river
that irrigates South America, -
12:58 - 13:00among other things.
-
13:00 - 13:02This image shows those paths,
-
13:02 - 13:06all the hurricanes
that have been recorded. -
13:06 - 13:10You can see that, in the red square,
there hardly are any hurricanes. -
13:10 - 13:12That is no accident.
-
13:12 - 13:15This pump that sucks
the moisture into the continent -
13:15 - 13:17also speeds up the air above the sea,
-
13:17 - 13:20and this prevents hurricane formations.
-
13:21 - 13:26To close this part and sum up,
-
13:26 - 13:28I'd like to talk about
something a little different. -
13:28 - 13:30I have several colleagues
-
13:30 - 13:33who worked in the development
of these theories. -
13:33 - 13:36They think, and so do I,
-
13:36 - 13:39that we can save planet Earth.
-
13:39 - 13:42I'm not talking only about the Amazon.
-
13:42 - 13:44The Amazon teaches us a lesson
-
13:44 - 13:48on how pristine nature works.
-
13:48 - 13:50We didn't understand
these processes before -
13:50 - 13:53because the rest of the world
is messed up. -
13:53 - 13:55We could understand it here, though.
-
13:55 - 13:58These colleagues propose
that, yes, we can -
13:58 - 14:00save other areas,
-
14:00 - 14:02including deserts.
-
14:02 - 14:06If we could establish forests
in those other areas, -
14:06 - 14:08we can reverse climate change,
-
14:08 - 14:10including global warming.
-
14:10 - 14:13I have a dear colleague in India,
-
14:13 - 14:16whose name is Suprabha Seshan,
and she has a motto. -
14:16 - 14:20Her motto is,
"Gardening back the biosphere," -
14:20 - 14:22"Reajardinando a biosfera" in Portuguese.
-
14:22 - 14:25She does a wonderful job
rebuilding ecosystems. -
14:25 - 14:28We need to do this.
-
14:28 - 14:32Having closed this quick introduction,
-
14:32 - 14:36we see the reality that we have out here,
-
14:36 - 14:39which is drought, this climate change,
-
14:39 - 14:41things that we already knew.
-
14:41 - 14:43I'd like to tell you a short story.
-
14:45 - 14:48Once, about four years ago,
-
14:48 - 14:52I attended a declamation,
of a text by Davi Kopenawa, -
14:52 - 14:55a wise representative
of the Yanomami people, -
14:55 - 14:57and it went more or less like this:
-
14:57 - 15:00"Doesn't the white man know
-
15:00 - 15:03that, if he destroys the forest,
there will be no more rain? -
15:03 - 15:05And that, if there's no more rain,
-
15:05 - 15:08there'll be nothing to drink, or to eat?"
-
15:08 - 15:11I heard that, and my eyes welled up
-
15:11 - 15:13and I went, "Oh, my!
-
15:13 - 15:16I've been studying this for 20 years,
with a super computer, -
15:17 - 15:19dozens, thousands of scientists,
-
15:19 - 15:23and we are starting to get to this
conclusion, which he already knows!" -
15:23 - 15:28A critical point is the Yanomami
have never deforested. -
15:28 - 15:30How could they know the rain would end?
-
15:30 - 15:34This bugged me and I was befuddled.
-
15:34 - 15:36How could he know that?
-
15:36 - 15:40Some months later,
I met him at another event and said, -
15:40 - 15:45"Davi, how did you know that if the forest
was destroyed, there'd be no more rain?" -
15:45 - 15:50He replied:
"The spirit of the forest told us." -
15:50 - 15:55For me, this was a game changer,
-
15:55 - 15:56a radical change.
-
15:56 - 15:58I said, "Gosh!
-
15:58 - 16:02Why am I doing all this science
-
16:02 - 16:05to get to a conclusion
that he already knows?" -
16:05 - 16:11Then, something
absolutely critical hit me, -
16:11 - 16:13which is,
-
16:16 - 16:19seeing is believing.
-
16:20 - 16:23Out of sight, out of mind.
-
16:23 - 16:28This is a need the previous speaker
pointed out: -
16:28 - 16:31We need to see things --
-
16:31 - 16:33I mean, we, Western society,
-
16:33 - 16:35which is becoming global, civilized --
-
16:35 - 16:37we need to see.
-
16:37 - 16:39If we don't see,
we don't register the information. -
16:39 - 16:41We live in ignorance.
-
16:41 - 16:43So, I propose the following --
-
16:43 - 16:45of course, the astronomer
wouldn't like the idea -- -
16:45 - 16:48but let's turn the Hubble telescope
upside down. -
16:48 - 16:51And let's make it look down here,
-
16:51 - 16:53rather than to the far reaches
of the universe. -
16:53 - 16:55The universe is wonderful,
-
16:55 - 16:57but we have a practical reality,
-
16:57 - 17:01which is we live in an unknown cosmos,
-
17:01 - 17:02and we're ignorant about it.
-
17:02 - 17:06We're trampling on this wonderful cosmos
-
17:06 - 17:08that shelters us and houses us.
-
17:08 - 17:09Talk to any astrophysicist.
-
17:09 - 17:13The Earth is a statistical improbability.
-
17:13 - 17:17The stability and comfort that we enjoy,
despite the droughts of the Negro River, -
17:17 - 17:20and all the heat and cold
and typhoons, etc., -
17:20 - 17:23there is nothing like it in the universe,
that we know of. -
17:23 - 17:25Then, let's turn Hubble in our direction,
-
17:25 - 17:29and let's look at the Earth.
-
17:29 - 17:32Let's start with the Amazon!
-
17:32 - 17:33Let's dive,
-
17:33 - 17:37let's reach out the reality
we live in every day, -
17:37 - 17:41and look carefully at it,
since that's what we need. -
17:41 - 17:43Davi Kopenawa doesn't need this.
-
17:43 - 17:45He has something already
that I think I missed. -
17:45 - 17:47I was educated by television.
-
17:47 - 17:49I think that I missed this,
-
17:49 - 17:50an ancestral record,
-
17:50 - 17:55a valuation of what I don't know,
what I haven't seen. -
17:55 - 17:57He is not a doubting Thomas.
-
17:57 - 18:00He believes,
with veneration and reverence, -
18:00 - 18:04in what his ancestors
and the spirits taught him. -
18:04 - 18:06We can't do it,
so let's look into the forest. -
18:06 - 18:10Even with Hubble up there --
-
18:10 - 18:12this is a bird's-eye view, right?
-
18:12 - 18:14Even when this happens,
-
18:14 - 18:17we also see something that we don't know.
-
18:17 - 18:19The Spanish called it the green inferno.
-
18:19 - 18:22If you go out there
into the bushes and get lost, -
18:22 - 18:24and, let's say, if you head west,
-
18:24 - 18:26it's 900 kilometers to Colombia,
-
18:26 - 18:28and another 1,000 to somewhere else.
-
18:28 - 18:31So, you can figure out
why they called it the green inferno. -
18:31 - 18:35But go and look at what is in there.
-
18:35 - 18:36It is a live carpet.
-
18:36 - 18:38Each color you see is a tree species.
-
18:38 - 18:40Each tree, each tree top,
-
18:40 - 18:45has up to 10,000 species of insects in it,
-
18:45 - 18:49let alone the millions of species
of fungi, bacteria, etc. -
18:49 - 18:50All invisible.
-
18:50 - 18:54All of it is an even stranger cosmos to us
-
18:54 - 18:57than the galaxies billions
of light years away from the Earth, -
18:57 - 19:00which Hubble brings
to our newspapers everyday. -
19:01 - 19:03I'm going to end my talk here --
-
19:03 - 19:05I have a few seconds left --
-
19:05 - 19:07by showing you this wonderful being.
-
19:07 - 19:10When we see the morpho butterfly
in the forest, -
19:10 - 19:12we feel like someone's left open
the door to heaven, -
19:12 - 19:16and this creature escaped from there,
because it's so beautiful. -
19:16 - 19:18However, I cannot finish
-
19:18 - 19:21without showing you a tech side.
-
19:21 - 19:24We are tech-arrogant.
-
19:24 - 19:27We deprive nature of its technology.
-
19:27 - 19:29A robotic hand is technological,
-
19:29 - 19:30mine is biological,
-
19:30 - 19:32and we don't think about it anymore.
-
19:32 - 19:34Let's then look at the morpho butterfly,
-
19:34 - 19:39an example of an invisible
technological competence of life, -
19:39 - 19:44which is at the very heart of our
possibility of surviving on this planet, -
19:44 - 19:46and let's zoom in on it.
Again, Hubble is there. -
19:46 - 19:48Let's get into the butterfly's wings.
-
19:48 - 19:52Scholars have tried to explain:
Why is it blue? -
19:52 - 19:54Let's zoom in on it.
-
19:54 - 19:59What you see is that the architecture
of the invisible humiliates -
19:59 - 20:02the best architects in the world.
-
20:02 - 20:04All of this on a tiny scale.
-
20:04 - 20:08Besides its beauty and functioning,
there is another side to it. -
20:08 - 20:10In nature,
-
20:10 - 20:15all that is organized in extraordinary
structures has a function. -
20:15 - 20:19This function of the morpho butterfly —
it is not blue; -
20:19 - 20:21it does not have blue pigments.
-
20:21 - 20:25It has photonic crystals on its surface,
according to people who studied it, -
20:25 - 20:27which are extremely
sophisticated crystals. -
20:27 - 20:30Our technology had
nothing like that at the time. -
20:30 - 20:33Hitachi has now made a monitor
-
20:33 - 20:35that uses this technology,
-
20:35 - 20:37and it is used in optical fibers
to transmit -- -
20:37 - 20:41Janine Benyus, who's been here several
times, talks about it: biomimetics. -
20:41 - 20:43My time's up.
-
20:43 - 20:48Then, I'll wrap it up with
what is at the base of this capacity, -
20:48 - 20:51of this competence of biodiversity,
-
20:51 - 20:53producing all these wonderful services:
-
20:53 - 20:55the living cell.
-
20:55 - 20:58It is a structure with a few microns,
which is an internal wonder. -
20:58 - 21:01There are TED Talks about it.
I won't talk much longer, -
21:01 - 21:05but each person in this room,
including myself, -
21:05 - 21:08has 100 trillion of these
micromachines in their body, -
21:08 - 21:11so that we can enjoy well-being.
-
21:11 - 21:14Imagine what is out there
in the Amazon forest: -
21:14 - 21:18100 trillion. This is greater
than the number of stars in the sky. -
21:18 - 21:20And we are not aware of it.
-
21:20 - 21:22Thank you so much. (Applause)
- Title:
- The magic of the Amazon: A river that flows invisibly all around us
- Speaker:
- Antonio Donato Nobre
- Description:
-
The Amazon River is like a heart, pumping water from the seas through it, and up into the atmosphere through 600 billion trees, which act like lungs. Clouds form, rain falls and the forest thrives. In a lyrical talk, Antonio Donato Nobre reveals the life-force of this region, and how it provides environmental services to the world. A parable for the extraordinary symphony that is nature.
- Video Language:
- Portuguese, Brazilian
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 21:35
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre | ||
Gustavo Rocha accepted English subtitles for Antonio Donato Nobre |