Enthusiasm: the fertilizer that makes childhood blossom | André Stern | TEDxDijon
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0:08 - 0:09Good evening.
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0:09 - 0:14When I was a child, I coined a phrase
to introduce myself quickly, -
0:14 - 0:18and to give a quick answer
to all the questions I was often asked. -
0:18 - 0:22And the phrase was:
"Hi, my name's André. -
0:22 - 0:24I am a boy -- At the time,
I already had long hair, -
0:24 - 0:27and people thought I was a girl,
which I found amusing -- -
0:28 - 0:32"I am six, I don't eat candy
and I don't go to school." -
0:32 - 0:34And these days, when introducing myself,
-
0:34 - 0:36well, I can introduce myself
in very much the same way, -
0:36 - 0:40and that's what I'm going to do tonight.
Good evening. My name is still André, -
0:40 - 0:41I am still a boy,
-
0:41 - 0:45I still don't eat candy,
among other things, -
0:45 - 0:47and I still don't go to school.
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0:48 - 0:52I am a 43-year-old child
who has never been to school, -
0:52 - 0:57which in our world
makes me kind of an exception, -
0:57 - 1:01and to me, being an exception
is always a surprise, -
1:01 - 1:06while what I've been through,
is most natural. -
1:06 - 1:12Any child, given the same circumstances,
would have a very similar experience. -
1:12 - 1:15And that's what I would like
to talk to you about tonight. -
1:15 - 1:18I'd like to talk to you about children's
spontaneous tendencies, -
1:18 - 1:21which were never disrupted in my life,
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1:21 - 1:26and which makes me an exception
though I am the most ordinary of kids. -
1:26 - 1:31And that's all that matters to me,
I am neither special nor gifted. -
1:31 - 1:34In other words, if an avocado pit,
were soaked in water... -
1:34 - 1:36It happened recently,
-
1:36 - 1:38when my four-and-a-half
year-old son, Antonin, -
1:38 - 1:40whom I introduce to you
tonight, gave it a try. -
1:40 - 1:42Let's put an avocado pit in water,
-
1:42 - 1:47in a few days, it will grow
a stem and roots, -
1:47 - 1:52and none of us would say,
"That avocado was gifted!" -
1:53 - 1:56Because the avocado pit
is hard-wired to grow, -
1:56 - 1:57and that was my experience,
-
1:57 - 1:59and that's what I'd like
to share with you, -
1:59 - 2:03stressing that because
it could happen to any child, -
2:03 - 2:05it should be of interest to us.
-
2:05 - 2:07I am referring to children's
spontaneous tendencies. -
2:07 - 2:10And the very first one
that comes to mind, -
2:10 - 2:13is a question for you:
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2:13 - 2:17what is the first thing a child does
when left to himself? -
2:18 - 2:20He plays.
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2:20 - 2:22And all the children play,
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2:22 - 2:26regardless of the setting or environment,
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2:26 - 2:31war, famine, fear, luxury,
I don't know what's worst. -
2:32 - 2:37Anyway, when given
a chance, children play, -
2:37 - 2:42and if never interrupted,
they would keep playing. -
2:43 - 2:45But we do interrupt.
-
2:45 - 2:47Now, I am fortunate to be working
with a neurobiologist, -
2:47 - 2:51and neurobiologists have
revealed an interesting fact, -
2:51 - 2:56they tell us it is no accident
that we are sent into the big world, -
2:56 - 3:00equipped with the most brilliant
learning device ever invented, -
3:00 - 3:02I call it playing.
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3:02 - 3:05There's no better way to learn
than by playing. -
3:05 - 3:08You should write it
on the refrigerator door. -
3:08 - 3:12This makes us wonder
why no one has ever asked -
3:12 - 3:16what would happen to a child
who was allowed to play, -
3:16 - 3:20not only for an entire day,
but for instance, for 43 years. -
3:20 - 3:27Would he really turn out to be
an illiterate, asocial and jobless savage? -
3:30 - 3:35So to continue with neurobiology,
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3:35 - 3:38for children, playing
and learning are synonyms. -
3:38 - 3:42It is one and the same thing
and they can't distinguish between them. -
3:42 - 3:46Now let's imagine that a loved one,
a person of reference, -
3:46 - 3:48comes to the child and says to him:
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3:48 - 3:51'You need to stop playing
in order to learn.' -
3:53 - 3:56That's funny but it's as though
I were telling you, -
3:56 - 4:00now, breathe without taking in air.
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4:01 - 4:02It wouldn't make any sense,
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4:02 - 4:05and you'd think I am asking
for something senseless. -
4:05 - 4:07And this is the interesting part,
-
4:07 - 4:10because children don't let
themselves think like that. -
4:10 - 4:15They don't let themselves think
that the adult has a problem. -
4:15 - 4:20And since they don't, they think
they are the one with a problem. -
4:20 - 4:23And when children realize
they have a problem, -
4:23 - 4:28it activates the same neural networks
in their brain as intense pain. -
4:28 - 4:30Let's be clear about that.
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4:30 - 4:33And so, after this
contradictory instruction, -
4:33 - 4:38children have another
spontaneous tendency, -
4:38 - 4:40which we learn from neurobiology,
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4:40 - 4:42I am not a neurobiologist,
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4:42 - 4:47and I will not claim
qualifications I don't have, -
4:47 - 4:49but I will summarize
some common conceptions, -
4:49 - 4:51we thought there were
genetically-wired brains, -
4:51 - 4:55some wired to be dumb,
and others to be smart. -
4:55 - 4:58And since it was convenient,
we held onto that for many years, -
4:58 - 5:02and then we recently made
a stunning discovery, -
5:02 - 5:07we found that the part of the brain
that controls the thumb, -
5:07 - 5:10is overdeveloped in present day youths.
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5:10 - 5:11(Laughter)
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5:11 - 5:14So we thought, "That's amazing,
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5:14 - 5:17it means the brain can
develop just like a muscle." -
5:17 - 5:20and we devised brain-muscle
developing software, -
5:20 - 5:23designed to give us brains
like this to carry around, -
5:23 - 5:25but it didn't work.
-
5:25 - 5:27And now we are faced with
a pretty puzzling question: -
5:27 - 5:31why does it work for text messages,
but not for maths? -
5:31 - 5:32(Laughter)
-
5:32 - 5:36And that's when we made
the discovery of the 21st century. -
5:36 - 5:43We discovered that our brain develops
when we use it enthusiastically. -
5:44 - 5:47And enthusiasm is the key to everything.
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5:47 - 5:51It's amazing to see neurobiology giving us
proof of something we've always known, -
5:51 - 5:55for we know that in an enthusiastic mood,
we grow wings, and become unstoppable, -
5:55 - 5:58we know that learning comes naturally,
-
5:58 - 6:02and here neurobiology gives us
a very interesting stat, -
6:02 - 6:05the child, serially and naturally equipped
-
6:05 - 6:08with the most brilliant
learning device ever, playing, -
6:08 - 6:13is equally endowed, with his
fair share of carry-on fertilizer, -
6:13 - 6:16because it turns out that enthusiasm
is the brain's fertilizer. -
6:16 - 6:18It is well documented,
you can Google it. -
6:18 - 6:21It is very captivating
to see how it works. -
6:21 - 6:25So we each come equipped not only
with the best of learning devices, -
6:25 - 6:28but in addition, its carry-on fertilizer.
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6:28 - 6:31Children are perpetually immersed
in a state of enthusiasm. -
6:31 - 6:35Figures indicate that children
aged 2 to 3 get enthused, -
6:35 - 6:38feel a surge of enthusiasm
every 2 to 3 minutes, -
6:38 - 6:40and are enthused by just about everything.
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6:40 - 6:45Even a little piece of paper
can keep them enthused for hours. -
6:46 - 6:50And the same figures, you know
what they say about us, grown-ups, -
6:51 - 6:55we [only] ever work up
the same amount of enthusiasm, -
6:55 - 6:572 to 3 times a year.
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6:57 - 7:00(Laughter)
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7:01 - 7:05Yet, it doesn't have to be so.
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7:07 - 7:12In us, in each child,
lays a potential genius. -
7:12 - 7:16And since there is a child
inside each one of us, -
7:16 - 7:20there is a potential genius inside us
waiting for just one thing, -
7:21 - 7:23to see what will enthuse us.
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7:23 - 7:28But for us to be enthused,
we also need to get rid of some things, -
7:28 - 7:32for instance, the stratification
of trades and subject matters. -
7:33 - 7:36An example: My son, Antonin,
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7:37 - 7:41went out one day, at 5p.m.
into the streets of Paris, -
7:41 - 7:45and was taken by the sight
of garbage trucks. -
7:45 - 7:48So we followed them from stop to stop,
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7:48 - 7:52stopping at each pick-up
and observing their game, -
7:52 - 7:56and they happened to notice
this little boy watching them, -
7:56 - 7:58because he knows nothing
of the stratification of trades. -
7:58 - 8:01I would even say that
for him, in that moment, -
8:01 - 8:05the garbage man is far more relevant
and easy to relate to than a lawyer. -
8:05 - 8:08And so, not only was he
watching those men, -
8:08 - 8:11but what's more, he looked
at them with admiration. -
8:11 - 8:13And it reflected on them.
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8:13 - 8:16Suddenly, they were doing their job
a little differently, -
8:16 - 8:18with more enthusiasm.
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8:18 - 8:21They played, they made dance moves
with the garbage bags... -
8:21 - 8:24Antonin is now a star for the garbage men
of our neighborhood, -
8:24 - 8:26and we can no more gob out
incognito at 5 p.m. -
8:26 - 8:29because there is always
a garbage truck somewhere -
8:29 - 8:31honking their horns
to greet him from afar. -
8:31 - 8:34And this is the third spontaneous
tendency of children, -
8:34 - 8:36to go out into the big world.
-
8:36 - 8:39The worst that could happen to a child,
would be to lock him home, -
8:39 - 8:42where he'd experience
family life at all levels, -
8:42 - 8:43but equally all family fears.
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8:43 - 8:45The advantage of going
into the wide world, -
8:45 - 8:48is that one learns to share
the fear of different people, -
8:48 - 8:49hence different fears.
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8:49 - 8:53This is child optimization,
the child is optimized for the world, -
8:54 - 8:57yet we take them out of the world
to prepare them for the world. -
8:57 - 8:58Strange, isn't it?
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8:59 - 9:02There is something else
we need to get rid of. -
9:02 - 9:06To rekindle enthusiasm
and rediscover the child in us, -
9:06 - 9:12we must rid ourselves
of our ironic attitude towards children. -
9:12 - 9:14And thus also, towards the child in us.
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9:14 - 9:17We must restore trust in the child
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9:17 - 9:20and in his extraordinary
spontaneous tendencies, -
9:20 - 9:22three of which I have just covered.
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9:22 - 9:27And to restore trust and get rid
of this ironic attitude, -
9:27 - 9:30I like sharing a short story,
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9:30 - 9:32because it illustrates
the ironic attitude, -
9:32 - 9:35and also illustrates
how we can trust children, -
9:35 - 9:37I invite you to come with me,
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9:37 - 9:40to the side of the mirror
where we trust children. -
9:40 - 9:47Come. Antonin is two and a half years old,
it is time to buy him a car. -
9:47 - 9:51So we go to a toy shop
and he picks a car, -
9:51 - 9:56he chooses a red Ford Mustang,
at 1/18, it is this tall, -
9:56 - 9:59a convertible model,
it is key that it be a convertible, -
9:59 - 10:01because when it is convertible,
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10:01 - 10:04you can reach the steering wheel
and play on the wheels. -
10:05 - 10:09Were it not convertible, you would
need to drive with the door open, -
10:09 - 10:12but driving with the door open
is not very convenient, -
10:12 - 10:14and that's exactly what we forget,
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10:14 - 10:17the child wants a perfect
imitation of the world. -
10:17 - 10:21Children are born imitators.
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10:21 - 10:24Once you stop to think about
children, you can see that. -
10:24 - 10:26Antonin once discovered
the sound of a nailing gun, -
10:26 - 10:30it is an extremely complex sound,
with the influx of air, percussion, -
10:30 - 10:31the outflow of air,
-
10:31 - 10:34it's a sound we in fact
would not be able to imitate. -
10:34 - 10:36But he can, because he found
the string of syllables, -
10:36 - 10:40which when overlapped and pronounced,
perfectly mimic the sound of a nail gun. -
10:40 - 10:43Children are born imitators,
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10:43 - 10:49and they love to bring the most realistic
possible mimicry to their plays. -
10:50 - 10:53And so, we pick up the 1/18 red Mustang,
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10:53 - 10:56a collection model,
and we go to the cash register, -
10:56 - 11:00and the cashier actually confirms
that it's a great purchase, -
11:00 - 11:04and she says: "It's a beautiful model.
I'll wrap it for you, is it a gift?" -
11:04 - 11:07-"Oh no, not at all, he's going
to play with it right away." -
11:07 - 11:09-"Wait a minute, is it his?" -"Yes."
-
11:09 - 11:12-"Oh, but it is not suited
to his age at all! -
11:12 - 11:14(Laughter)
-
11:14 - 11:17I have cars suited to his age.
-
11:17 - 11:18Look, I have lots of them."
-
11:18 - 11:21Do you know what types
of cars she shows me? -
11:21 - 11:25They are plastic with bogus proportions,
-
11:25 - 11:26(Laughter)
-
11:26 - 11:30brightly colored,
with a smile, a nose, ears, -
11:30 - 11:35and one of them even has an audio message:
"Hey, I'm a car, and you, who are you?" -
11:35 - 11:36(Laughter)
-
11:36 - 11:41"But my son is not mentally challenged!
He is a child like all others, -
11:41 - 11:45what he wants is a car
that looks like other cars -
11:45 - 11:49he sees everyday in the street,
and the cars suited to his age, -
11:49 - 11:52fortunately, he never sees any
in the street. (Laughter) -
11:52 - 11:55So, please Miss, we will take
the red Mustang." -
11:55 - 11:57She says, "Yes", but adds,
-
11:57 - 12:01"you see this beautiful model,
he will break it to little pieces." -
12:02 - 12:08And here, it is important to note
that the lady is not trying to scare me, -
12:08 - 12:12she wants to share her fear with me.
It's not the same thing. -
12:12 - 12:14Then she finds the greatest of all fears.
-
12:14 - 12:16"You know," she says,
-
12:16 - 12:18"he will not only break it
to little pieces, -
12:18 - 12:20he will also swallow those little pieces."
-
12:20 - 12:22(Laughter)
-
12:23 - 12:26Okay, maybe the whole joke
is on the cashier, -
12:26 - 12:29but I really like that you laughed
and we are laughing together. -
12:29 - 12:31Because when we can laugh
in that place, -
12:31 - 12:35it is proof that you came with me
to the other side of the mirror, -
12:35 - 12:37the mirror where we trust children,
-
12:37 - 12:42and where we know that two years later,
the red Mustang is unscathed, -
12:42 - 12:48all of a sudden you can see
how we illustrate this ironic attitude, -
12:48 - 12:50and also how we can illustrate,
-
12:50 - 12:54the strength we get from being
on the side of the mirror -
12:54 - 12:57where we trust children,
-
12:58 - 13:03and maybe, and this is what I suggest,
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13:04 - 13:08once you're on this side of the mirror,
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13:08 - 13:10you will feel like staying there,
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13:10 - 13:15and meeting the child in you
with his spontaneous tendencies, -
13:15 - 13:20and maybe you'll be free
from your irony towards children, -
13:20 - 13:23and that was my invitation for tonight,
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13:23 - 13:26I wish you lots of enthusiasm.
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13:26 - 13:32(Applause)
- Title:
- Enthusiasm: the fertilizer that makes childhood blossom | André Stern | TEDxDijon
- Description:
-
This presentation was made at a local TEDx event, organized independently of TED conferences.
André Stern, a 43-year-old child who grew up with no schooling at all, shows us three spontaneous tendencies of the child. It is an invitation to discover the cherub in you, and thus rekindle enthusiasm, the fascinating brain fertilizer.
- Video Language:
- French
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 13:45