The DIY orchestra of the future
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0:01 - 0:03I want to talk to you about one thing
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0:03 - 0:05and just one thing only,
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0:05 - 0:09and this has to do with when people ask me,
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0:09 - 0:12what do you do?
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0:12 - 0:14To which I usually respond,
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0:14 - 0:17I do computer music.
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0:17 - 0:19Now, a number of people
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0:19 - 0:21just stop talking to me right then and there,
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0:21 - 0:24and the rest who are left usually have
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0:24 - 0:26this blank look in their eye,
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0:26 - 0:28as if to say, what does that mean?
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0:28 - 0:30And I feel like I'm actually depriving them
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0:30 - 0:33of information by telling them this,
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0:33 - 0:35at which point I usually panic
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0:35 - 0:37and spit out the first thing that comes to my mind,
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0:37 - 0:40which is, I have no idea what I'm doing.
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0:40 - 0:42Which is true.
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0:42 - 0:45That's usually followed by a second thought,
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0:45 - 0:48which is, whatever it is that I'm doing,
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0:48 - 0:50I love it.
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0:50 - 0:54And today, I want to, well,
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0:54 - 0:56share with you something I love,
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0:56 - 0:57and also why.
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0:57 - 1:01And I think we'll begin with just this question:
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1:01 - 1:03What is computer music?
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1:03 - 1:06And I'm going to try to do my
best to provide a definition, -
1:06 - 1:08maybe by telling you a story
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1:08 - 1:10that goes through some of the stuff
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1:10 - 1:12I've been working on.
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1:12 - 1:14And the first thing, I think, in our story
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1:14 - 1:16is going to be something called ChucK.
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1:16 - 1:21Now, ChucK is a programming language for music,
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1:21 - 1:24and it's open-source, it's freely available,
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1:24 - 1:26and I like to think that it crashes equally well
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1:26 - 1:28on all modern operating systems.
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1:28 - 1:31And instead of telling you more about it,
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1:31 - 1:33I'm just going to give you a demo.
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1:33 - 1:34By the way, I'm just going to nerd out
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1:34 - 1:36for just a few minutes here,
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1:36 - 1:39so I would say, don't freak out.
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1:39 - 1:41In fact, I would invite all of you to join me
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1:41 - 1:42in just geeking out.
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1:42 - 1:45If you've never written a line
of code before in your life, -
1:45 - 1:46do not worry.
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1:46 - 1:50I'll bet you'll be able to come along on this.
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1:50 - 1:51First thing I'm going to do is to make
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1:51 - 1:53a sine wave oscillator,
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1:53 - 1:56and we're going to called the sine wave generator
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1:56 - 1:59"Ge."
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1:59 - 2:01And then we're going to connect "Ge" to the DAC.
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2:01 - 2:02Now this is kind of the abstraction
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2:02 - 2:05for the sound output on my computer. Okay?
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2:05 - 2:08So I've connected myself into the speaker.
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2:08 - 2:09Next, I'm going to say my frequency
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2:09 - 2:11is 440 hertz,
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2:11 - 2:15and I'm going to let time advance
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2:15 - 2:18by two seconds through this operation.
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2:18 - 2:22All right, so if I were to play this --
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2:22 - 2:25(Tone) —
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2:25 - 2:27you would hear a sine wave
at 440 hertz for two seconds. -
2:27 - 2:30Okay, great. Now I'm going to copy and paste this,
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2:30 - 2:32and then just change some of these numbers,
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2:32 - 2:36220.5, 440 I shall leave it as that,
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2:36 - 2:38and .5 and 880.
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2:38 - 2:40By doubling the frequency,
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2:40 - 2:42we're actually going up in successive octaves,
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2:42 - 2:44and then we have this sequence --
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2:44 - 2:46(Tones) — of tones.
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2:46 - 2:48Okay, great, now I can imagine creating
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2:48 - 2:49all kinds of really horrible
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2:49 - 2:51single sine wave pieces of music with this,
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2:51 - 2:54but I'm going to do something
that computers are really good at, -
2:54 - 2:56which is repetition.
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2:56 - 2:58I'm going to put this all in a while loop,
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2:58 - 2:59and you actually don't need to indent,
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2:59 - 3:01but this is purely for aesthetic reasons.
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3:01 - 3:03It's good practice.
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3:03 - 3:04And when we do this —
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3:04 - 3:09(Tones) —
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3:09 - 3:10that's going to go on for a while.
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3:10 - 3:12In fact, it's probably not going to stop
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3:12 - 3:13until this computer disintegrates.
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3:13 - 3:16And I can't really empirically prove that to you,
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3:16 - 3:20but I hope you'll believe me when I say that.
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3:20 - 3:22Next, I'm going to replace this 220
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3:22 - 3:24by math.random2f.
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3:24 - 3:26I'm going to generate a random number
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3:26 - 3:29between 30 and 1,000 and send that
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3:29 - 3:31to the frequency of me.
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3:31 - 3:33And I'm going to do this every half a second.
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3:33 - 3:36(Tones)
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3:36 - 3:39Let's do this every 200 milliseconds.
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3:39 - 3:43(Tones)
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3:43 - 3:45One hundred.
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3:45 - 3:46(Tones)
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3:46 - 3:48All right.
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3:48 - 3:50At this point, we've reached something
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3:50 - 3:51that I would like to think of as
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3:51 - 3:55the canonical computer music.
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3:55 - 3:58This is, to me, the sound that mainframes
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3:58 - 4:00are supposed to be making
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4:00 - 4:03when they're thinking really hard.
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4:03 - 4:05It's this sound, it's like,
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4:05 - 4:08the square root of five million.
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4:10 - 4:14So is this computer music?
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4:14 - 4:16Yeah, I guess by definition,
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4:16 - 4:17it's kind of computer music.
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4:17 - 4:20It's probably not the kind of music you would listen to
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4:20 - 4:22cruising down the highway,
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4:22 - 4:27but it's a foundation of computer-generated music,
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4:27 - 4:29and using ChucK,
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4:29 - 4:31we've actually been building instruments
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4:31 - 4:33in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra,
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4:33 - 4:37based right here at Stanford Center for
Computer Research in Music and Acoustics. -
4:37 - 4:40Now the Laptop Orchestra is an ensemble of laptops,
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4:40 - 4:42humans and special hemispherical speaker arrays.
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4:42 - 4:44Now the reason we have these
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4:44 - 4:46is so that for the instruments that we create
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4:46 - 4:49out of the laptop, we want the sound to come
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4:49 - 4:51out of somewhere near the instrument
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4:51 - 4:52and the performer,
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4:52 - 4:55kind of much like a traditional, acoustic instrument.
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4:55 - 4:57Like, if I were to play a violin here,
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4:57 - 4:59the sound would naturally not come out of
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4:59 - 5:02the P.A. system, but from the artifact itself.
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5:02 - 5:05So these speakers are meant to emulate that.
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5:05 - 5:06In fact, I'm going to show you
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5:06 - 5:09how we actually built them.
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5:09 - 5:11The first step is to go to IKEA
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5:11 - 5:13and buy a salad bowl.
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5:13 - 5:16This is an 11-inch Blanda Matt.
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5:16 - 5:17That's the actual name,
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5:17 - 5:19and I actually use one of these
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5:19 - 5:21to make salad at home as well, I kid you not.
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5:21 - 5:24And the first step is you turn it upside down,
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5:24 - 5:27and then you drill holes in them,
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5:27 - 5:29six holes per hemi,
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5:29 - 5:31and then make a base plate,
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5:31 - 5:34put car speaker drivers in them
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5:34 - 5:36along with amplifiers in the enclosure,
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5:36 - 5:38and you put that all together and you have
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5:38 - 5:39these hemispherical speaker arrays.
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5:39 - 5:41Add people, add laptops,
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5:41 - 5:44you have a laptop orchestra.
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5:44 - 5:47And what might a laptop orchestra sound like?
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5:47 - 5:49Well, let me give you a demonstration
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5:49 - 5:52of about 200 instruments we've created so far
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5:52 - 5:56for the Laptop Orchestra.
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5:56 - 5:58And what I'm going to do is
actually come over to this thing. -
5:58 - 6:00This thing I have in front of me
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6:00 - 6:03actually used to be a commodity gaming controller
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6:03 - 6:05called a Gametrak.
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6:05 - 6:07This thing actually has a glove
you can put on your hands. -
6:07 - 6:09It's tethered to the base,
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6:09 - 6:11and this will track the position of your hands
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6:11 - 6:12in real time.
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6:12 - 6:16It was originally designed as a golfing controller
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6:16 - 6:17to detect the motion of your swing.
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6:17 - 6:20That turned out to be a rather large
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6:20 - 6:22commercial non-success,
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6:22 - 6:25at which point they slashed prices to 10 dollars,
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6:25 - 6:27at which point computer music researchers
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6:27 - 6:30said, "This is awesome!
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6:30 - 6:32We can prototype instruments out of this."
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6:32 - 6:35So let me show you one instrument we've created,
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6:35 - 6:37one of many, and this instrument
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6:37 - 6:39is called "Twilight,"
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6:39 - 6:41and it's meant to go with this metaphor
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6:41 - 6:44of pulling a sound out of the ground.
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6:44 - 6:48So let me see if this will work.
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6:48 - 6:54(Music)
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6:57 - 6:59And put it back.
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6:59 - 7:03And then if you go to the left,
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7:03 - 7:05right,
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7:09 - 7:13it sounds like an elephant in pain.
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7:13 - 7:16This is a slightly metallic sound.
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7:16 - 7:20Turn it just a bit.
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7:20 - 7:23(Music)
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7:25 - 7:29It's like a hovering car.
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7:32 - 7:34Okay.
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7:34 - 7:38This third one is a ratchet-like interaction, so
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7:39 - 7:42let me turn it up.
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7:45 - 7:50(Music)
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7:50 - 7:52So it's a slightly different interaction.
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7:52 - 7:55The fourth one is a drone.
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7:56 - 8:01(Music)
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8:09 - 8:11And finally, let's see,
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8:11 - 8:13this is a totally different interaction,
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8:13 - 8:15and I think you have to imagine that there's
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8:15 - 8:18this giant invisible drum sitting right here on stage,
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8:18 - 8:20and I'm going to bang it.
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8:22 - 8:25(Drum)
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8:25 - 8:28(Laughter)
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8:28 - 8:31So there we go, so that's one of many instruments
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8:31 - 8:32in the Laptop Orchestra.
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8:32 - 8:36(Applause)
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8:36 - 8:38Thank you.
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8:38 - 8:40And when you put that together,
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8:40 - 8:44you get something that sounds like this.
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8:44 - 8:51(Music)
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9:33 - 9:36Okay, and so, I think from the experience
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9:36 - 9:38of building a lot of instruments
for the Laptop Orchestra, -
9:38 - 9:41and I think from the curiosity of wondering,
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9:41 - 9:42what if we took these
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9:42 - 9:44hopefully expressive instruments
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9:44 - 9:47and we brought it to a lot of people,
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9:47 - 9:49plus then a healthy bout of insanity —
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9:49 - 9:50put those three things together —
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9:50 - 9:54led to me actually co-founding a startup company
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9:54 - 9:56in 2008 called Smule.
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9:56 - 9:58Now Smule's mission is to create
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9:58 - 10:02expressive, mobile music things,
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10:02 - 10:07and one of the first musical instruments
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10:07 - 10:09we created is called Ocarina.
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10:09 - 10:12And I'm going to just demo this for you real quick.
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10:15 - 10:18So Ocarina —
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10:18 - 10:21(Music) —
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10:21 - 10:24is based on this ancient flute-like instrument
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10:24 - 10:26called the ocarina,
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10:26 - 10:29and this one is the four-hole
English pendant configuration, -
10:29 - 10:33and you're literally blowing into the microphone
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10:33 - 10:35to make the sound.
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10:35 - 10:37And there's actually a little ChucK script
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10:37 - 10:38running in here that's detecting
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10:38 - 10:40the strength of your blowing
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10:40 - 10:42and also synthesizing the sound.
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10:42 - 10:45(Music)
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10:45 - 10:49And vibrato is mapped to the accelerometer,
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10:49 - 10:50so you can get —
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10:50 - 10:54(Music)
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10:54 - 10:58All right. So let me play a little ditty for you,
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11:00 - 11:01a little Bach.
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11:01 - 11:04And here, you'll hear a little
accompaniment with the melody. -
11:04 - 11:07The accompaniment actually follows the melody,
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11:07 - 11:10not the other way around.
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11:10 - 11:16(Music)
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11:23 - 11:25And this was designed
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11:25 - 11:26to let you take your time
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11:26 - 11:29and figure out where your expressive space is,
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11:29 - 11:31and you can just hang out here
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11:31 - 11:34for a while, for a really
dramatic effect, if you want, -
11:34 - 11:37and whenever you're ready —
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11:37 - 11:42(Music)
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11:53 - 11:54And on these longer notes,
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11:54 - 11:56I'm going to use more vibrato
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11:56 - 11:57towards the end of the notes
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11:57 - 12:00to give it a little bit more of an expressive quality.
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12:00 - 12:04(Music)
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12:07 - 12:11Huh, that's a nice chord to end this excerpt on.
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12:11 - 12:15(Applause)
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12:15 - 12:18Thank you.
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12:20 - 12:24So I think a good question to ask about Ocarina is,
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12:24 - 12:28is this a toy or it an instrument? Maybe it's both,
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12:28 - 12:31but for me, I think the more important question is,
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12:31 - 12:32is it expressive?
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12:32 - 12:34And at the same time, I think
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12:34 - 12:35creating these types of instruments
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12:35 - 12:39asks a question about the role of technology,
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12:39 - 12:40and its place for how we make music.
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12:40 - 12:42Apparently, for example,
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12:42 - 12:44not that long ago, like only a hundred years ago —
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12:44 - 12:46that's not that long in the course of human history —
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12:46 - 12:48families back then
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12:48 - 12:50used to make music together
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12:50 - 12:53as a common form of entertainment.
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12:53 - 12:54I don't think that's really happening
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12:54 - 12:55that much anymore.
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12:55 - 12:57You know, this is before radio, before recording.
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12:57 - 12:59In the last hundred years, with all this technology,
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12:59 - 13:01we now have more access to music
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13:01 - 13:03as listeners and consumers,
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13:03 - 13:06but somehow, I think we're making less music
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13:06 - 13:08than ever before.
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13:08 - 13:09I'm not sure why that would be.
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13:09 - 13:12Maybe it's because it's too easy just to hit play.
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13:12 - 13:15And while listening to music is wonderful,
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13:15 - 13:18there's a special joy to making music
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13:18 - 13:20that's all its own.
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13:20 - 13:21And I think that's one part
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13:21 - 13:23of the goal of why I do what I do
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13:23 - 13:28is kind of to take us back to the past a little bit. Right?
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13:28 - 13:29Now, if that's one goal, the other goal
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13:29 - 13:31is to look to the future and think about
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13:31 - 13:33what kind of new musical things can we make
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13:33 - 13:36that we don't perhaps yet have names for
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13:36 - 13:39that's enabled by technology, but ultimately
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13:39 - 13:41might change the way that humans make music.
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13:41 - 13:43And I'll just give you one example here,
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13:43 - 13:50and this is Ocarina's other feature.
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13:50 - 13:52This is a globe,
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13:52 - 13:55and here you're actually listening
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13:55 - 13:57to other users of Ocarina
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13:57 - 14:01blow into their iPhones to play something.
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14:01 - 14:06This is "G.I.R." from Texas,
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14:06 - 14:12"R.I.K." I don't know why it's these
three-letter names today, Los Angeles. -
14:12 - 14:17They're all playing pretty,
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14:17 - 14:20somewhat minimal music here.
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14:20 - 14:25(Music)
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14:25 - 14:28And the idea with this is that, well,
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14:28 - 14:32technology should not be foregrounded here,
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14:32 - 14:34and — (Laughter) —
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14:34 - 14:37we've actually opened this up.
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14:37 - 14:38The first thought is that, hey, you know
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14:38 - 14:41there's somebody somewhere out there
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14:41 - 14:43playing some music,
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14:43 - 14:44and this is a small but I think important
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14:44 - 14:46human connection to make
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14:46 - 14:49that perhaps the technology affords.
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14:49 - 14:51As a final example,
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14:51 - 14:53and perhaps my favorite example,
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14:53 - 14:56is that in the wake of the 2011 earthquake
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14:56 - 14:58and tsunami disaster in Japan,
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14:58 - 15:01a woman reached out in one of our singing apps
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15:01 - 15:04to try to get people to join in to sing with her
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15:04 - 15:06on a version of "Lean on Me."
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15:06 - 15:09Now, in these apps, there's this thing that allows
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15:09 - 15:11any user to add their voice
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15:11 - 15:13to an existing performance by any other user
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15:13 - 15:14or group of users,
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15:14 - 15:16so in some sense, she's created this kind of
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15:16 - 15:20global ad hoc corral of strangers,
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15:20 - 15:22and within weeks, thousands of people
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15:22 - 15:24joined in on this,
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15:24 - 15:26and you can kind of see people
coming from all around the world -
15:26 - 15:28and all these lines converging on the origin
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15:28 - 15:31where the first rendition of the song was sung,
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15:31 - 15:32and that's in Tokyo.
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15:32 - 15:36And this is what it sounds like
when there's 1,000 people. -
15:36 - 15:38This is 1,000 voices.
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15:38 - 15:42(Recording) ♪ Sometimes in our lives ♪
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15:42 - 15:49♪ We all have pain, we all have sorrow ♪
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15:49 - 15:53♪ But if we are wise ♪
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15:53 - 15:59♪ We know that there's always tomorrow ♪
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15:59 - 16:01♪ Lean on me ♪
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16:01 - 16:04♪ When you're not strong ♪
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16:04 - 16:07♪ And I'll be your friend ♪
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16:07 - 16:11♪ I'll help you carry on ♪
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16:11 - 16:15♪ For it won't be long ♪
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16:15 - 16:18♪ Till I'm gonna need ♪
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16:18 - 16:21♪ Somebody to lean on ♪
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16:21 - 16:24♪ Just lean on — ♪
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16:24 - 16:25Is this computer music?
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16:25 - 16:29(Applause)
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16:31 - 16:33Was that computer music?
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16:33 - 16:35Yeah, I guess so; it's something that you really
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16:35 - 16:37couldn't have done without computers.
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16:37 - 16:41But at the same time, it's also just human,
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16:41 - 16:44and I think what I've essentially answered so far
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16:44 - 16:48is maybe why I do the stuff that I do,
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16:48 - 16:50and let's just finally return to the first question:
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16:50 - 16:52What is computer music?
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16:52 - 16:55And I think that the catch here is that,
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16:55 - 16:56at least to me, computer music
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16:56 - 16:58isn't really about computers.
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16:58 - 16:59It is about people.
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16:59 - 17:01It's about how we can use technology
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17:01 - 17:03to change the way we think
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17:03 - 17:04and do and make music,
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17:04 - 17:08and maybe even add to how we can
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17:08 - 17:11connect with each other through music.
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17:11 - 17:13And with that, I want to say,
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17:13 - 17:16this is computer music, and thank you for listening.
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17:16 - 17:20(Applause)
- Title:
- The DIY orchestra of the future
- Speaker:
- Ge Wang
- Description:
-
Ge Wang makes computer music, but it isn’t all about coded bleeps and blips. With the Stanford Laptop Orchestra, he creates new instruments out of unexpected materials — like an Ikea bowl — that allow musicians to play music that’s both beautiful and expressive.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 17:36
Daiana Buffulin commented on English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Morton Bast approved English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Morton Bast edited English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Madeleine Aronson accepted English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future | ||
Madeleine Aronson edited English subtitles for The DIY orchestra of the future |
Daiana Buffulin
I believe the transcription from 0:12 to 0:14 is wrong, I think it should be " Intuitively I usually respond " instead of " to which I usually respond".