Real life sunken cities - Peter Campbell
-
0:08 - 0:11While touring the remains of
ancient Alexandria, Egypt, -
0:11 - 0:14there are a few things that
present-day explorers should look for. -
0:14 - 0:17First, as you travel along
the Great Harbor, -
0:17 - 0:21keep your eyes open
for large columns and statues. -
0:21 - 0:26Across the bay to your left is the island
where the Great Lighthouse once stood. -
0:26 - 0:29And as you make your way through
the palaces of the Royal Quarter -
0:29 - 0:32and reach the area where
the Library of Alexandria once stood, -
0:32 - 0:35keep your eyes open for sharks.
-
0:35 - 0:38Because if you visit this section
of Alexandria, -
0:38 - 0:42you'll be fifteen feet deep
in the Mediterranean Sea. -
0:42 - 0:45Though people are most familiar
with Plato's fictional Atlantis, -
0:45 - 0:48many real underwater cities
actually exist. -
0:48 - 0:50Places like Alexandria,
-
0:50 - 0:52Port Royal, Jamaica,
-
0:52 - 0:54and Pavlopetri, Greece.
-
0:54 - 0:56Sunken cities are studied by scientists
-
0:56 - 0:59to help us understand the lives
of our ancestors, -
0:59 - 1:01the dynamic nature of our planet,
-
1:01 - 1:04and the impact of each on the other.
-
1:04 - 1:07Water is essential for life,
food sources, and transport, -
1:07 - 1:11so many cities have been built
along coast lines and river banks. -
1:11 - 1:15However, these benefits also come
with risks -
1:15 - 1:19because natural forces that can sink
a city are at their doorstep. -
1:19 - 1:22Take, for instance, an earthquake.
-
1:22 - 1:28June 7, 1692 seemed like a normal morning
in Port Royal, Jamaica, -
1:28 - 1:31then one of the richest ports
in the world, -
1:31 - 1:34but when a massive earthquake struck,
-
1:34 - 1:38two-thirds of Port Royal immediately
sank to its rooftops. -
1:38 - 1:41Today, many buildings
and elements of everyday life -
1:41 - 1:45remain surprisingly intact
on the sea floor, frozen in time. -
1:45 - 1:49That includes a 300-year-old pocket watch
that stopped at 11:43, -
1:49 - 1:54the moment Port Royal slipped
beneath the Carribean. -
1:54 - 1:57And during the winter of 373 BCE,
-
1:57 - 2:01the Greek city of Helike was struck
by an earthquake so strong -
2:01 - 2:05that it liquefied the sandy ground
upon which the city was built. -
2:05 - 2:07Minutes later, a tsunami struck the city,
-
2:07 - 2:12and Helike and its inhabitants
sunk downwards into the Mediterranean Sea. -
2:12 - 2:16Centuries later, Roman tourists would sail
on the lagoon that formed -
2:16 - 2:19and peer down at the city's remains.
-
2:19 - 2:22Earthquakes are sudden,
unpredictable disasters -
2:22 - 2:24that have drowned cities in an instant.
-
2:24 - 2:26Luckily, however, throughout history,
-
2:26 - 2:31the majority of sunken cities were not
submerged by a single cataclysmic event, -
2:31 - 2:34but by a combination
of more gradual processes. -
2:34 - 2:38For instance, Pavlopetri,
the oldest known sunken city, -
2:38 - 2:42was built on the southern coastline
of Greece 5,000 years ago. -
2:42 - 2:44It's an example of a city
that was submerged -
2:44 - 2:47due to what is called
isostatic sea level change. -
2:47 - 2:5018,000 years ago when the Ice Age ended,
-
2:50 - 2:56glaciers began melting and the sea level
rose globally until about 5,000 years ago. -
2:56 - 3:00Isostatic sea level change isn't caused
by that melt water, -
3:00 - 3:03but rather the Earth's crust slowly
springing back -
3:03 - 3:05from the released weight of the glaciers,
-
3:05 - 3:09making some places rise,
and others sink. -
3:09 - 3:12The ground around Pavlopetri
is still sinking -
3:12 - 3:15at an average rate
of a millimeter per year. -
3:15 - 3:18But the ancient inhabitants were able
to move gradually inland -
3:18 - 3:20over several generations
-
3:20 - 3:24before they finally abandoned the city
about 3,000 years ago. -
3:24 - 3:27Today, divers swim over the streets
of Pavlopetri -
3:27 - 3:29and peer through ancient door jams
-
3:29 - 3:33into the foundations of houses
and community buildings. -
3:33 - 3:37They learn about the people who lived
there by observing what they left behind. -
3:37 - 3:41Natural geological events,
such as earthquakes and tsunamis, -
3:41 - 3:42will continue to shape our continents,
-
3:42 - 3:45just as they have for millions of years.
-
3:45 - 3:49As increased global warming melts
our polar ice caps at accelerated rates -
3:49 - 3:51and sea levels rise,
-
3:51 - 3:52we will be forced to adapt,
-
3:52 - 3:55like Pavlopetri's inhabitants.
-
3:55 - 3:57Undoubtedly, over the coming centuries,
-
3:57 - 3:59some of the coastal areas
that we live in today -
3:59 - 4:02will eventually be claimed
by the water, too - -
4:02 - 4:04cities like Venice,
-
4:04 - 4:05New Orleans,
-
4:05 - 4:06Amsterdam,
-
4:06 - 4:07Miami,
-
4:07 - 4:08and Tokyo.
-
4:08 - 4:11Imagine what future civilizations
will learn about us -
4:11 - 4:15as they swim around the ancient ruins
of the cities that we live in today.
- Title:
- Real life sunken cities - Peter Campbell
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/real-life-sunken-cities-peter-campbell
Though people are most familiar with Plato’s fictional Atlantis, many real underwater cities actually exist. Peter Campbell explains how sunken cities are studied by scientists to help us understand the lives of our ancestors, the dynamic nature of our planet, and the impact of each on the other.
Lesson by Peter Campbell, animation by TED-Ed.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:31
Custodio Marcelino commented on English subtitles for Real life sunken cities - Peter Campbell | ||
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Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for Real life sunken cities - Peter Campbell | ||
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Custodio Marcelino
Please, tale a look at
3:27 - 3:29 - door jams => door jambs
Thank you.