Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU
-
0:07 - 0:09I'm now here to speak about happiness
-
0:09 - 0:11and the factors
that are said to lead to it. -
0:12 - 0:13I know, presumptuous.
-
0:14 - 0:17Now, what's very interesting
about these factors -
0:17 - 0:21is that all of us, kind of, know about it.
-
0:21 - 0:23After all, they've been around for ages.
-
0:24 - 0:29And in this permanence,
in this immutability of the factors, -
0:29 - 0:31lies the paradox of happiness.
-
0:31 - 0:34All of us want happiness,
-
0:34 - 0:37all of us kind of know
where happiness exists, -
0:37 - 0:40and yet so few of us are genuinely happy.
-
0:40 - 0:41Yes, so few,
-
0:41 - 0:45because those gleeful photographs
-
0:45 - 0:48on Instagram and Facebook,
notwithstanding. (Laughter) -
0:48 - 0:50So, with this in mind,
-
0:50 - 0:53I intend my talk today to be
about three main themes. -
0:53 - 0:57One, we are reiterating
the well-known paths of happiness; -
0:57 - 1:02two, pinpointing the inbuilt
impediments in these paths; -
1:02 - 1:08and three, suggesting certain ways
to counter these impediments. -
1:09 - 1:12So, what are the well-known
paths of happiness? -
1:13 - 1:15Broadly speaking, there are three of them.
-
1:15 - 1:17But before I get into the details of each,
-
1:17 - 1:20a word on their universal
character and validity, -
1:20 - 1:22that how the same three paths
-
1:22 - 1:26seem to be suggested by philosophy,
religion, and empirical evidence. -
1:26 - 1:28Let's take philosophy first.
-
1:28 - 1:31Let's first take the first rate
in Western and Eastern philosophy. -
1:31 - 1:34Let's take Spinoza
and let's take the Bhagavad Gita. -
1:35 - 1:37Now interestingly,
-
1:37 - 1:39the three paths suggested by Spinoza --
-
1:39 - 1:42the path of feminine virtues,
masculine virtues, -
1:43 - 1:45virtues of the informed mind --
-
1:45 - 1:50happen to be practically identical
with the paths suggested by the Gita: -
1:50 - 1:56the paths of Gyana yoga,
Karma yoga, and Bhakti yoga. -
1:57 - 1:59After philosophy,
when we come to religion, -
1:59 - 2:01it's again very remarkable to note
-
2:01 - 2:04that most religions
tend to have a trinity. -
2:04 - 2:07And that the three aspects of the trinity,
-
2:07 - 2:10they happen to be
in perfect correspondence -
2:10 - 2:13to the three paths of happiness
suggested by the best in philosophy. -
2:13 - 2:16How they correspond --
I'll gradually come to that. -
2:16 - 2:20By trinity, of course, what I mean
is Brahma, Vishnu, Mahesh of Hinduism; -
2:20 - 2:23the son, the Father,
and the Holy Spirit of Christianity; -
2:23 - 2:26Mohammed, Allah, and Al-Haqq of Islam;
-
2:26 - 2:29Dharmakaya, Sambhogakaya
and Nirmanakaya of Buddhism. -
2:29 - 2:32The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
of Clint Eastwood. (Laughter) -
2:32 - 2:35OK, that was to see
whether you're still with me. -
2:36 - 2:39Finally we come to empirical evidence.
-
2:40 - 2:42Now, according to this,
-
2:42 - 2:46humanity can be broadly classified
into three personality types. -
2:46 - 2:48Yes, the three personality types
-
2:48 - 2:50correspond to the three paths
of happiness. -
2:50 - 2:53Now the three types are endomorphic,
mesomorphic and ectomorphic. -
2:53 - 2:56Endomorphic: these guys
are soft and chubby. -
2:56 - 3:00They're fond of luxury,
food, social company. -
3:00 - 3:03The mesomorphic: they are
large-boned and muscular. -
3:04 - 3:06They're active, combative,
lustful for power. -
3:06 - 3:08And ectomorphic,
they're small-boned and slender. -
3:08 - 3:13They're cerebral, sensitive, introverted.
-
3:13 - 3:18And all of us
are a combination of all three. -
3:18 - 3:21Most of us are a combination
of all three in varying degrees, -
3:21 - 3:23which also explains
why one man's happiness -
3:23 - 3:26is so different than that of another.
-
3:26 - 3:30So now coming to the first path
of happiness: Bhakti yoga, -
3:30 - 3:37the path of the Incarnation,
the path of the soft and chubby endomorph. -
3:37 - 3:40So, the path of you can say,
love and devotion. -
3:40 - 3:43Love, primarily, because what incarnation
is primarily asking us to do -
3:43 - 3:47is to lead a life of love,
a life devoid of sin. -
3:48 - 3:50The connection between love and sin?
-
3:50 - 3:52Sins are absence of love.
-
3:53 - 3:56They're forms of hatred,
greed, pride, anger, envy; -
3:56 - 3:57hatred all.
-
3:57 - 4:00Hatred is not compatible with happiness.
-
4:00 - 4:02So with sins gone, hatred gone.
-
4:02 - 4:03Hatred gone, love comes in.
-
4:03 - 4:07And once love comes in --
well, you're happy. -
4:07 - 4:10Think about it. I mean,
as cheesy as this might sound, -
4:10 - 4:14your happiest days are ones
when everyone seems nice, -
4:14 - 4:16when you're running low on hatred.
-
4:16 - 4:19The demanding wife seems justified,
-
4:19 - 4:21the cab driver seems amiable,
-
4:21 - 4:23the obnoxious boss seems to have a point,
-
4:23 - 4:27and the receptionist seems
positively, positively endearing. -
4:27 - 4:29Which brings me to first love.
-
4:29 - 4:31Now when...
-
4:31 - 4:33you might have been in love, I believe,
-
4:33 - 4:34if you remember first love,
-
4:34 - 4:39you remember the wonderful feeling
of bliss that went with first love. -
4:39 - 4:42The feeling of perpetually
being on cloud nine. -
4:43 - 4:45Or could it be that Providence
-
4:45 - 4:50has deliberately embedded
this program of first love in all of us -
4:50 - 4:53to acquaint us with the power of love?
-
4:53 - 4:55If love for one can lead
to this kind of happiness, -
4:55 - 4:58imagine what kind of happiness
could be yielded by a love for all. -
4:59 - 5:03The question is that what prevents us
from walking this path of love? -
5:03 - 5:05What prevents us from loving all?
-
5:07 - 5:10A tempting and politically
incorrect answer. -
5:10 - 5:14We don't love all people
because most people are bums. -
5:14 - 5:16They don't deserve to be loved.
-
5:16 - 5:18Now how do we get past this impediment?
-
5:19 - 5:24With the simple realization
that be the best or worst of us, -
5:25 - 5:28we actually don't have
much control over the way we are. -
5:28 - 5:30We don't have much contribution
to the way we are. -
5:32 - 5:35The family to which we were born,
the school we went to, -
5:35 - 5:37who sat next to us in class,
-
5:37 - 5:40which book we read
at what point in time, and all such. -
5:40 - 5:42Neither our DNA
nor our circumstances are our doing. -
5:42 - 5:46So, let's cut the bums some slack.
-
5:47 - 5:49We won't be able
to cut all that slack in one go, -
5:49 - 5:51so let's do it in phases.
-
5:51 - 5:55Let's remember that on that long road
from hatred to love, -
5:55 - 6:00you have certain pit stops of resentment,
apathy, tolerance, cordiality, affection. -
6:00 - 6:03So don't rush it, alright.
-
6:03 - 6:05Promote your subjects
one pit stop at a time, -
6:05 - 6:08and then experience it for yourself.
-
6:08 - 6:09Experience how with each promotion
-
6:09 - 6:13a packet of happiness
just bursts into your being. -
6:14 - 6:18For added flavor, for added pleasure,
-
6:18 - 6:21you might want to add
some action to that promotion, -
6:21 - 6:26because in the end, real love
is not an emotion, it's an act. -
6:26 - 6:30It's an act of the will that ultimately
transforms into a spiritual experience, -
6:30 - 6:34and because it is an act,
we can hope to get better with practice. -
6:34 - 6:37Which brings me
to the second path: Karma Yoga. -
6:37 - 6:38Selfless action.
-
6:39 - 6:42One acts but he abandons
the rights with the results of that act. -
6:43 - 6:45The path of the active
and combative mesomorph, -
6:45 - 6:48in the Trinity of the Father,
the Son, and the Holy Spirit. -
6:48 - 6:51This is the father; father indeed,
-
6:51 - 6:53because when you consider
a kindergarten-going kid, -
6:54 - 6:57that kid knows that it is him
who has to finish his homework, -
6:57 - 6:59it is him who has
to tackle the school bully, -
6:59 - 7:00who has to deal with the teacher.
-
7:00 - 7:03But yes, if something
drastically wrong happens, -
7:03 - 7:05his father will be there for him.
-
7:06 - 7:07Alright.
-
7:07 - 7:10So Karma yoga then,
if I may borrow a cliché, -
7:10 - 7:13is about "do your best, forget the rest."
-
7:14 - 7:15Sounds simple and soothing
-
7:15 - 7:18but all of us know
that it's easier said than done. -
7:18 - 7:19Why?
-
7:20 - 7:22Because no matter how much we do
-
7:22 - 7:25there's always that nagging feeling
that we haven't done enough. -
7:26 - 7:28You know, we've over the years
come to abandon -
7:28 - 7:31that wonderful, wonderful
commodity called resignation. -
7:32 - 7:33Too bad,
-
7:33 - 7:35because neuroscience tells us
-
7:35 - 7:39that while grappling with a problem,
when the mind resigns to an outcome, -
7:40 - 7:43then the amygdala in the brain
stops sending forth signals -
7:43 - 7:44of stress and anxiety.
-
7:46 - 7:51And here lies the inbuilt
impediment of Karma Yoga. -
7:52 - 7:55All of us know that we need
to resign at some point. -
7:55 - 7:58We're never able to figure out
where exactly that point lies. -
7:58 - 8:02I mean, how much effort is commensurate
for me to say that I did my best? -
8:03 - 8:07Well, one way to look at that question
could be to change perspective. -
8:08 - 8:09OK?
-
8:09 - 8:12And when we see
that "change perspective," -
8:12 - 8:15I mean instead of figuring out ways
-
8:15 - 8:21to see how much more
could be done to achieve a goal, -
8:21 - 8:23what could be done to achieve a goal,
-
8:23 - 8:27we try to figure out
how relevant the goal is. -
8:29 - 8:32We disentangle ourselves
from the goal, we step back from it. -
8:32 - 8:37We take a wider view of it
and then it starts to come to us. -
8:38 - 8:41That how much effort is commensurate.
-
8:41 - 8:43However, that still
leaves us with a big problem. -
8:43 - 8:47Because when you've been in this business
for sizing up your goals for long, -
8:47 - 8:48eventually what could happen
-
8:48 - 8:52is that most goals
could begin to seem trivial. -
8:52 - 8:55And a trivial goal
does not instigate action. -
8:55 - 8:56We're up against a paradox again.
-
8:56 - 8:59Give too much relevance to your goals
and you see nervous tension; -
8:59 - 9:02give too little relevance
and you see inactive depression. -
9:03 - 9:04The solution?
-
9:04 - 9:06Well, not a clear cut one,
-
9:06 - 9:09but I get hints of it
in my morning tennis every day. -
9:11 - 9:14This a place where I'm running,
I'm sweating, I'm strategizing. -
9:14 - 9:19I've even been accused
of deliberately making false line calls. -
9:19 - 9:21In short, I'm really keen to win.
-
9:21 - 9:26However, if I lose, that loss doesn't stay
with me for more than 15 minutes. -
9:27 - 9:29So I guess the real trick of Karma Yoga
-
9:29 - 9:33lies in being able to replicate
that tennis match sagacity -
9:33 - 9:35into everyday endeavor.
-
9:36 - 9:40And that brings me finally
to the final path that is Gyana Yoga, -
9:40 - 9:43the path of the sensitive
and introverted ectomorph. -
9:44 - 9:45The path of the Holy Spirit,
-
9:45 - 9:50that all transcending
and yet all pervading divine reality -- -
9:50 - 9:54Nirgun, Nirvishesh, Nirakar, Akarta.
-
9:54 - 9:58Without quality, without attribute,
without form, non-agent. -
9:58 - 10:00In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad,
-
10:00 - 10:03when the boy's father is finished
telling about the divine reality to him -
10:03 - 10:05he in the end adds,
-
10:05 - 10:08"And that, Svetaketu, art thou."
-
10:08 - 10:09"Tat twam asi."
-
10:09 - 10:12Not just Svetaketu,
but all of us are this divine reality. -
10:12 - 10:15It is this divine reality
that is the core of our existence. -
10:15 - 10:17Vedanta says so.
-
10:17 - 10:18Eckhart and Thomas Aquinas say so.
-
10:18 - 10:21The Muslim Sufi Al-Ghazali says so.
-
10:21 - 10:23Buddhism says so. Tao and Zen say so.
-
10:23 - 10:25Also, quantum physics says so.
-
10:25 - 10:28What is quantum entanglement
or the collapsing of wave functions? -
10:28 - 10:29It is the divine reality
-
10:29 - 10:32where the observer, the observed,
and the observation blend into one. -
10:32 - 10:35What is the phenomenon
where they successfully separate -
10:35 - 10:37a subatomic particle
from its magnetic moment? -
10:37 - 10:40Is it not a reality of which
quality is not an attribute? -
10:40 - 10:42To realize our oneness
with this divine reality -
10:42 - 10:45is the ultimate goal of every human life.
-
10:45 - 10:47But why aren't we able to do so?
-
10:47 - 10:50Because as Al Pacino says
in "Scent of a Woman," -
10:50 - 10:52"It's too damn hard."
-
10:52 - 10:54(Laughter)
-
10:54 - 10:55Hoo-ah!
-
10:56 - 11:00Actually, it's hard because
it's all uncharted territory. -
11:01 - 11:06And what further cripples us
in this uncharted territory -
11:06 - 11:10is the fact that we are
totally ignorant of our limitations. -
11:10 - 11:15We will not believe that there is a limit
to our levels of understanding, -
11:15 - 11:19that we share 98 percent
of our DNA with chimpanzees, -
11:19 - 11:21and that the two percent jump in DNA
-
11:21 - 11:25should not result
in an infinite jump in brain capacity. -
11:26 - 11:28So just as a chimpanzee
will never understand quantum theory, -
11:28 - 11:31there are certain things
which even when explained to us -
11:31 - 11:32we will not understand.
-
11:32 - 11:35Similarly, we will not believe
-
11:35 - 11:38that there could be stimuli
and sense perceptors -
11:38 - 11:40other than the ones we know.
-
11:40 - 11:43We will not believe
that language and reason -
11:43 - 11:46are prime tools of understanding,
-
11:46 - 11:48have some inherent
and inbuilt limitations. -
11:49 - 11:50Wittgenstein in his "Tractatus"
-
11:50 - 11:54and Immanuel Kant
in his "Critique of Pure Reason" -
11:54 - 11:57made some really valid expositions
about these limitations. -
11:58 - 12:00Which is not to say
that knowledge and reason -
12:00 - 12:02have no role whatsoever in Gyan yoga.
-
12:02 - 12:05They do. It's just that by themselves,
they are insufficient, -
12:05 - 12:07they're not enough.
-
12:07 - 12:09It's like if you're a painter,
-
12:10 - 12:12then a good book
-
12:12 - 12:15containing some great critiques
on painting could be of great help to you. -
12:15 - 12:18But the book itself
will not get you there. -
12:18 - 12:20At some point, you need
to get your hands dirty, -
12:20 - 12:22you need to pick up paint and brush.
-
12:22 - 12:25So, how do you pick up paint and brush?
-
12:25 - 12:28And how do you get
your hands dirty in Gyan yoga? -
12:29 - 12:32Simple. Mindfulness and meditation.
-
12:32 - 12:34I won't go into the technique details,
-
12:34 - 12:38but I'll say what happens with your brain
and mind when you start to meditate. -
12:38 - 12:42Your brain starts to alter itself
on a permanent basis. -
12:43 - 12:45It's called neuroplasticity.
-
12:45 - 12:50Feel-good chemicals are secreted,
neural networks get rewired -
12:50 - 12:54in a fashion that helps
to keep you stress-free. -
12:54 - 12:56Cortical thickness increases,
-
12:56 - 13:01which assists in problem-solving,
planning and emotional regulation. -
13:01 - 13:03Cell density decreases,
-
13:03 - 13:05but in areas
that are responsible for stress. -
13:05 - 13:09In short, feel good after meditation
isn't just psychological. -
13:10 - 13:11Alright.
-
13:11 - 13:13And which brings me to the point that...
-
13:13 - 13:17But anyway, just leave aside
the neuroscience. -
13:17 - 13:22Let's come to the fact of what
is happening in terms of real experience. -
13:22 - 13:25Well, in real experience,
when you're being mindful -
13:25 - 13:28you're learning to respond
rather than react. -
13:28 - 13:29When you're meditating
-
13:29 - 13:32you're learning to increase control
over your attention. -
13:32 - 13:34You're thus making yourself
less and less vulnerable -
13:34 - 13:38to any stray stimuli
that might aggravate you. -
13:38 - 13:41With the stray stimuli
and the uncontrolled reactions -
13:41 - 13:42out of the way,
-
13:42 - 13:45the dust begins to settle,
the mind becomes clearer. -
13:45 - 13:48You can thus view yourself,
know yourself, at far greater clarity. -
13:48 - 13:53Your prejudices, your preferences,
your desires, your aversions. -
13:53 - 13:56You can clearly see their machinations,
their manipulations. -
13:57 - 13:59Far more important than all this,
-
13:59 - 14:01when you're mindful,
-
14:01 - 14:04you begin to enjoy this whole show
as a spectator or witness. -
14:04 - 14:10You know, the actor -- I, me, myself,
gradually starts to lose relevance. -
14:10 - 14:12And when you start to view the world
-
14:12 - 14:15with a little less of self-reference,
-
14:15 - 14:20things automatically begin to seem
a bit more calm, a bit more pleasant. -
14:21 - 14:23Well, that was about happiness
and the paradox. -
14:23 - 14:25If you allow me just one more minute
-
14:25 - 14:28I'll let you know all the clichés
related to happiness. -
14:29 - 14:31The clichés -- those phrases
which we hear so often -
14:31 - 14:34that they cease to have
any meaning for us whatsoever. -
14:35 - 14:39Now when we consider a cliché,
we view it as a point, that red point, -
14:39 - 14:41on the circle of our understanding.
-
14:41 - 14:42When we take a side view
-
14:42 - 14:46we realize that what we thought
to be a circle is, in fact, a spiral. -
14:46 - 14:48OK?
-
14:49 - 14:52Then it's further revealed
to us -- this is getting technical --, -
14:52 - 14:54it's further revealed to us
-
14:54 - 14:57that the cliché which from
our top view appears to be fixed, -
14:58 - 15:03actually has the potential to exist
at higher and higher planes of profundity. -
15:04 - 15:08For example, the simple words,
the simple cliché: -
15:08 - 15:10"Do your best, forget the rest"
-
15:10 - 15:14is true for both a school-going child
and the great philosopher Spinoza. -
15:14 - 15:18But the insight that each derives
from these words is hugely different. -
15:18 - 15:20So all I'm trying to say
-
15:20 - 15:24is that when it comes to clichés
related to happiness and spirituality, -
15:24 - 15:26they tend to have
more than one layer of meanings. -
15:27 - 15:29So, the thought that I want
to leave you with is: -
15:32 - 15:35Let's not be shy
of revisiting our clichés. -
15:35 - 15:38Let's not be shy of trying to unlock them
-
15:38 - 15:40using any combination of techniques
from the three paths. -
15:40 - 15:43And yes, while using the three paths,
-
15:43 - 15:45let's not forget,
let's always keep in mind -
15:45 - 15:47the basic principle
that lies at their core. -
15:47 - 15:51The principle that before
we seek happiness, -
15:52 - 15:55let's make ourselves
more conducive to receiving it. -
15:55 - 15:56Thank you.
-
15:56 - 15:58(Applause)
- Title:
- Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU
- Description:
-
The paths leading to happiness are well known, yet so few choose to tread upon them. The talk explores the reasons behind this paradox. Also, it reveals how seemingly cliched words of wisdom can hide multiple meanings beneath their layers.
Sachin Jha is a technocrat (B.Tech, IIT Delhi) who runs a chemical manufacturing business in Rajasthan. An avid reader with a synthetic bent of mind, he has authored a book on happiness titled "The Ordinary, the Enchanted and the Quaintly Happy." Another book authored by him is a biography of Mr V.K.Bansal. It's titled "It All Adds Up." His writing style is one that flirts with humor even as it endeavors to deliver some pertinent message.
Jha is an alumnus of the Scindia school, Gwalior, and he is currently pursuing a degree in law.
In his spare time, he likes to paint in oil and acrylic and has had a few well-received exhibitions at The India Habitat Centre, New Delhi.This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 16:02
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Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU | ||
Theresa Ranft edited English subtitles for Happiness: the paradox and the cliché. | Sachin Jha | TEDxRTU |