What makes something "Kafkaesque"? - Noah Tavlin
-
0:07 - 0:10"Someone must have been telling
lies about Josef K. -
0:10 - 0:15He knew he had done nothing wrong,
but one morning, he was arrested." -
0:15 - 0:17Thus begins "The Trial,"
-
0:17 - 0:21one of author Franz Kafka's
most well-known novels. -
0:21 - 0:24K, the protagonist,
is arrested out of nowhere -
0:24 - 0:26and made to go through
a bewildering process -
0:26 - 0:29where neither the cause of his arrest,
-
0:29 - 0:31nor the nature
of the judicial proceedings -
0:31 - 0:33are made clear to him.
-
0:33 - 0:37This sort of scenario is considered
so characteristic of Kafka's work -
0:37 - 0:40that scholars came up
with a new word for it. -
0:40 - 0:45Kafkaesque has entered the vernacular
to describe unnecessarily complicated -
0:45 - 0:48and frustrating experiences,
-
0:48 - 0:52like being forced to navigate labyrinths
of bureaucracy. -
0:52 - 0:55But does standing in a long line
to fill out confusing paperwork -
0:55 - 0:58really capture the richness
of Kafka's vision? -
0:58 - 1:03Beyond the word's casual use,
what makes something Kafkaesque? -
1:03 - 1:08Franz Kafka's stories do indeed deal
with many mundane and absurd aspects -
1:08 - 1:10of modern bureaucracy,
-
1:10 - 1:14drawn in part from his experience
of working as an insurance clerk -
1:14 - 1:17in early 20th century Prague.
-
1:17 - 1:19Many of his protagonists
are office workers -
1:19 - 1:22compelled to struggle through
a web of obstacles -
1:22 - 1:25in order to achieve their goals,
-
1:25 - 1:29and often the whole ordeal turns out
to be so disorienting and illogical -
1:29 - 1:33that success becomes pointless
in the first place. -
1:33 - 1:36For example, in the short story,
"Poseidon," -
1:36 - 1:40the Ancient Greek god is an executive
so swamped with paperwork -
1:40 - 1:44that he's never had time to explore
his underwater domain. -
1:44 - 1:47The joke here is that not even
a god can handle the amount of paperwork -
1:47 - 1:50demanded by the modern workplace.
-
1:50 - 1:52But the reason why is telling.
-
1:52 - 1:55He's unwilling to delegate any of the work
-
1:55 - 1:59because he deems everyone else
unworthy of the task. -
1:59 - 2:03Kafka's Poseidon is a prisoner
of his own ego. -
2:03 - 2:06This simple story contains
all of the elements -
2:06 - 2:09that make for a truly Kafkaesque scenario.
-
2:09 - 2:12It's not the absurdity
of bureaucracy alone, -
2:12 - 2:16but the irony of the character's
circular reasoning in reaction to it -
2:16 - 2:19that is emblematic of Kafka's writing.
-
2:19 - 2:24His tragicomic stories act as a form of
mythology for the modern industrial age, -
2:24 - 2:27employing dream logic to explore
the relationships -
2:27 - 2:33between systems of arbitrary power
and the individuals caught up in them. -
2:33 - 2:37Take, for example, Kafka's
most famous story, "Metamorphosis." -
2:37 - 2:41When Gregor Samsa awaken's one morning
to find himself transformed -
2:41 - 2:43into a giant insect,
-
2:43 - 2:46his greatest worry
is that he gets to work on time. -
2:46 - 2:50Of course, this proves impossible.
-
2:50 - 2:54It was not only the authoritarian realm
of the workplace that inspired Kafka. -
2:54 - 2:58Some of his protagonists' struggles
come from within. -
2:58 - 2:59The short story, "A Hunger Artist,"
-
2:59 - 3:05describes a circus performer whose act
consists of extended fasts. -
3:05 - 3:09He's upset that the circus master
limits these to 40 days, -
3:09 - 3:13believing this prevents him from achieving
greatness in his art. -
3:13 - 3:16But when his act loses popularity,
-
3:16 - 3:19he is left free
to starve himself to death. -
3:19 - 3:22The twist comes when he lays dying
in anonymity, -
3:22 - 3:26regretfully admitting that his art
has always been a fraud. -
3:26 - 3:28He fasted not through strength of will,
-
3:28 - 3:32but simply because he never found
a food he liked. -
3:32 - 3:33Even in "The Trial,"
-
3:33 - 3:36which seems to focus
directly on bureaucracy, -
3:36 - 3:41the vague laws and bewildering procedures
point to something far more sinister: -
3:41 - 3:45the terrible momentum of the legal system
proves unstoppable, -
3:45 - 3:48even by supposedly powerful officials.
-
3:48 - 3:51This is a system
that doesn't serve justice, -
3:51 - 3:55but whose sole function
is to perpetuate itself. -
3:55 - 3:56What political theorist Hannah Arendt,
-
3:56 - 3:59writing years after Kafka's death,
-
3:59 - 4:02would call "tyranny without a tyrant."
-
4:02 - 4:05Yet accompanying
the bleakness of Kafka's stories, -
4:05 - 4:07there's a great deal of humor
-
4:07 - 4:11rooted in the nonsensical logic
of the situations described. -
4:11 - 4:16So on the one hand, it's easy to recognize
the Kafkaesque in today's world. -
4:16 - 4:21We rely on increasingly convoluted systems
of administration -
4:21 - 4:25that have real consequences on
every aspect of our lives. -
4:25 - 4:29And we find our every word judged
by people we can't see -
4:29 - 4:32according to rules we don't know.
-
4:32 - 4:37On the other hand, by fine-tuning
our attention to the absurd, -
4:37 - 4:41Kafka also reflects our shortcomings
back at ourselves. -
4:41 - 4:46In doing so, he reminds us that the world
we live in is one we create, -
4:46 - 4:48and have the power
to change for the better.
- Title:
- What makes something "Kafkaesque"? - Noah Tavlin
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-makes-something-kafkaesque-noah-tavlin
The term Kafkaesque has entered the vernacular to describe unnecessarily complicated and frustrating experiences, especially with bureaucracy. But does standing in a long line to fill out confusing paperwork really capture the richness of Kafka’s vision? Beyond the word’s casual use, what makes something "Kafkaesque"? Noah Tavlin explains.
Lesson by Noah Tavlin, animation by TED-Ed.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 05:04
Jessica Ruby approved English subtitles for What makes something "Kafkaesque"? - Noah Tavlin | ||
Jessica Ruby accepted English subtitles for What makes something "Kafkaesque"? - Noah Tavlin | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for What makes something "Kafkaesque"? - Noah Tavlin | ||
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