What is abstract expressionism? - Sarah Rosenthal
-
0:09 - 0:13If you visit a museum with a collection
of modern and contemporary art, -
0:13 - 0:17you're likely to see works that sometimes
elicit the response, -
0:17 - 0:21"My cat could make that,
so how is it art?" -
0:21 - 0:26A movement called Abstract Expressionism,
also known as the New York School, -
0:26 - 0:29gets this reaction particularly often.
-
0:29 - 0:32Abstract Expressionism started in 1943
-
0:32 - 0:35and developed after the end of
World War II. -
0:35 - 0:39It's characterized by large,
primarily abstract paintings, -
0:39 - 0:43all-over compositions
without clear focal points, -
0:43 - 0:49and sweeping swaths of paint
embodying and eliciting emotions. -
0:49 - 0:52The group of artists who are considered
Abstract Expressionists -
0:52 - 0:56includes Barnett Newman
with his existential zips, -
0:56 - 0:59Willem de Kooning, famous
for his travestied women, -
0:59 - 1:03Helen Frankenthaler,
who created soak-stains, -
1:03 - 1:04and others.
-
1:04 - 1:08But perhaps the most famous, influential,
and head-scratching one -
1:08 - 1:10was Jackson Pollock.
-
1:10 - 1:13Most of his paintings
are immediately recognizable. -
1:13 - 1:16They feature tangled messes
of lines of paint -
1:16 - 1:19bouncing around in every direction
on the canvas. -
1:19 - 1:23And sure, these fields of chaos are big
and impressive, -
1:23 - 1:25but what's so great about them?
-
1:25 - 1:28Didn't he just drip the paint at random?
-
1:28 - 1:29Can't anyone do that?
-
1:29 - 1:33Well, the answer to these questions
is both yes and no. -
1:33 - 1:38While Pollock implemented a technique
anyone is technically capable of -
1:38 - 1:39regardless of artistic training,
-
1:39 - 1:42only he could have made his paintings.
-
1:42 - 1:45This paradox relates to his work's roots
-
1:45 - 1:50in the Surrealist automatic drawings
of André Masson and others. -
1:50 - 1:54These Surrealists supposedly drew
directly from the unconscious -
1:54 - 1:57to reveal truths hidden
within their minds. -
1:57 - 2:02Occasionally, instead of picturing
something and then drawing it, -
2:02 - 2:04they let their hands move automatically
-
2:04 - 2:09and would later tease out familiar figures
that appeared in the scribbles. -
2:09 - 2:12And after Pollock moved away
from representation, -
2:12 - 2:17he made drip, or action, paintings
following a similar premise, -
2:17 - 2:19though he developed a signature technique
-
2:19 - 2:24and never looked for images or messages
hidden in the works. -
2:24 - 2:28First, he took the canvas off of the easel
and laid it on the floor, -
2:28 - 2:30a subversive act in itself.
-
2:30 - 2:35Then, in a controlled dance, he stepped
all around the canvas, -
2:35 - 2:40dripping industrial paint onto it
from stirrers and other tools, -
2:40 - 2:41changing speed and direction
-
2:41 - 2:46to control how the paint
made contact with the surface. -
2:46 - 2:48These movements,
like the Surrealist scribbles, -
2:48 - 2:52were supposedly born
out of Pollock's subconscious. -
2:52 - 2:54But unlike the Surrealists,
-
2:54 - 2:57whose pictures represented
the mind's hidden contents, -
2:57 - 3:02Pollock's supposedly made physical
manifestations of his psyche. -
3:02 - 3:06His paintings are themselves
signatures of his mind. -
3:06 - 3:10In theory, anyone could make a painting
that is an imprint of their mind. -
3:10 - 3:12So why is Pollock so special?
-
3:12 - 3:17Well, it's important to remember that
while anyone could have done what he did, -
3:17 - 3:21he and the rest of the New York School
were the ones who actually did it. -
3:21 - 3:25They destroyed conventions of painting
that had stood for centuries, -
3:25 - 3:28forcing the art world to rethink
them entirely. -
3:28 - 3:33But one last reason why Jackson Pollock's
work has stayed prominent -
3:33 - 3:38stems from the specific objects he made,
which embody fascinating contradictions. -
3:38 - 3:41For instance, while Pollock's process
-
3:41 - 3:44resulted in radically flat
painted surfaces, -
3:44 - 3:51the web of painted lines can create
the illusion of an infinite layered depth -
3:51 - 3:53when examined up close.
-
3:53 - 3:57And the chaos of this tangled mess seems
to defy all control, -
3:57 - 3:59but it's actually the product
of a deliberate, -
3:59 - 4:02though not pre-planned, process.
-
4:02 - 4:06These characteristics made Pollock
into a celebrity, -
4:06 - 4:08and within art history,
-
4:08 - 4:10they also elevated him
to the mythified status -
4:10 - 4:13of the genius artist as hero.
-
4:13 - 4:17So rather than evening the playing field
for all creative minds, -
4:17 - 4:24his work unfortunately reinforced
a long-standing elitist aspect of art. -
4:24 - 4:24Elitist,
-
4:24 - 4:25innovative,
-
4:25 - 4:27whatever you choose to call it,
-
4:27 - 4:29the history embedded
in Abstract Expressionism -
4:29 - 4:33is one that no cat, however talented,
can claim.
- Title:
- What is abstract expressionism? - Sarah Rosenthal
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/could-just-anyone-make-a-jackson-pollock-painting-sarah-rosenthal
If you visit a museum with a collection of modern and contemporary art, you’re likely to see works that sometimes elicit the response, “My cat could make that, so how is it art?” But is it true? Could anyone create one of Jackson Pollock’s drip paintings? Sarah Rosenthal dives into the Abstract Expressionist movement in hopes of answering that question.
Lesson by Sarah Rosenthal, animation by Tomás Pichardo-Espaillat.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 04:50
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