The enchanting music of sign language
-
0:03 - 0:07Interpreter: Piano, "p,"
is my favorite musical symbol. -
0:08 - 0:09It means to play softly.
-
0:10 - 0:14If you're playing a musical instrument
and you notice a "p" in the score, -
0:14 - 0:16you need to play softer.
-
0:16 - 0:18Two p's -- even softer.
-
0:19 - 0:22Four p's -- extremely soft.
-
0:26 - 0:30This is my drawing of a p-tree,
-
0:30 - 0:31which demonstrates
-
0:31 - 0:36no matter how many thousands
upon thousands of p's there may be, -
0:36 - 0:38you'll never reach complete silence.
-
0:38 - 0:41That's my current definition of silence:
-
0:41 - 0:43a very obscure sound.
-
0:45 - 0:46I'd like to share a little bit
-
0:46 - 0:50about the history
of American Sign Language, ASL, -
0:50 - 0:51plus a bit of my own background.
-
0:54 - 0:59French sign language was brought
to America during the early 1800s, -
0:59 - 1:03and as time went by,
mixed with local signs, -
1:03 - 1:07it evolved into the language
we know today as ASL. -
1:07 - 1:10So it has a history of about 200 years.
-
1:12 - 1:14I was born deaf,
-
1:15 - 1:19and I was taught to believe
that sound wasn't a part of my life. -
1:21 - 1:22And I believed it to be true.
-
1:25 - 1:29Yet, I realize now
that that wasn't the case at all. -
1:29 - 1:32Sound was very much a part of my life,
-
1:32 - 1:34really, on my mind every day.
-
1:38 - 1:42As a Deaf person living
in a world of sound, -
1:42 - 1:45it's as if I was living
in a foreign country, -
1:45 - 1:50blindly following its rules,
customs, behaviors and norms -
1:50 - 1:51without ever questioning them.
-
2:01 - 2:04So how is it that I understand sound?
-
2:06 - 2:09Well, I watch how people
behave and respond to sound. -
2:11 - 2:14You people are like my loudspeakers,
and amplify sound. -
2:14 - 2:16I learn and mirror that behavior.
-
2:17 - 2:20At the same time,
I've learned that I create sound, -
2:20 - 2:22and I've seen how people respond to me.
-
2:23 - 2:24Thus I've learned, for example ...
-
2:24 - 2:27"Don't slam the door!"
-
2:28 - 2:32"Don't make too much noise when
you're eating from the potato-chip bag!" -
2:32 - 2:33(Laughter)
-
2:33 - 2:34"Don't burp,
-
2:34 - 2:35and when you're eating,
-
2:35 - 2:38make sure you don't scrape
your utensils on the plate." -
2:38 - 2:41All of these things
I term "sound etiquette." -
2:44 - 2:46Maybe I think about sound etiquette
-
2:46 - 2:49more than the average hearing person does.
-
2:50 - 2:52I'm hyper-vigilant around sound.
-
2:55 - 2:59And I'm always waiting
in eager nervous anticipation -
2:59 - 3:01around sound, about what's to come next.
-
3:01 - 3:03Hence, this drawing.
-
3:04 - 3:07TBD, to be decided.
-
3:08 - 3:10TBC, to be continued.
-
3:11 - 3:13TBA, to be announced.
-
3:17 - 3:19And you notice the staff --
-
3:19 - 3:21there are no notes contained in the lines.
-
3:21 - 3:25That's because the lines
already contain sound -
3:25 - 3:27through the subtle smudges and smears.
-
3:29 - 3:32In Deaf culture,
movement is equivalent to sound. -
3:38 - 3:40This is a sign for "staff" in ASL.
-
3:40 - 3:43A typical staff contains five lines.
-
3:44 - 3:47Yet for me, signing it
with my thumb sticking up like that -
3:47 - 3:48doesn't feel natural.
-
3:48 - 3:51That's why you'll notice in my drawings,
I stick to four lines on paper. -
3:53 - 3:57In the year 2008, I had the opportunity
to travel to Berlin, Germany, -
3:57 - 3:59for an artist residency there.
-
4:00 - 4:03Prior to this time,
I had been working as a painter. -
4:05 - 4:09During this summer, I visited
different museums and gallery spaces, -
4:09 - 4:11and as I went from one place to the next,
-
4:11 - 4:13I noticed there was no visual art there.
-
4:15 - 4:20At that time, sound was trending,
and this struck me ... -
4:20 - 4:22there was no visual art,
-
4:22 - 4:23everything was auditory.
-
4:25 - 4:28Now sound has come into my art territory.
-
4:29 - 4:32Is it going to further
distance me from art? -
4:34 - 4:36I realized that doesn't
have to be the case at all. -
4:37 - 4:38I actually know sound.
-
4:38 - 4:40I know it so well
-
4:40 - 4:44that it doesn't have to be something
just experienced through the ears. -
4:44 - 4:47It could be felt tactually,
-
4:47 - 4:49or experienced as a visual,
-
4:49 - 4:50or even as an idea.
-
4:53 - 4:56So I decided to reclaim ownership of sound
-
4:56 - 4:58and to put it into my art practice.
-
5:01 - 5:05And everything that I had been
taught regarding sound, -
5:05 - 5:07I decided to do away with and unlearn.
-
5:09 - 5:11I started creating a new body of work.
-
5:13 - 5:16And when I presented this
to the art community, -
5:16 - 5:19I was blown away with the amount
of support and attention I received. -
5:21 - 5:22I realized:
-
5:24 - 5:27sound is like money,
-
5:27 - 5:30power, control --
-
5:30 - 5:32social currency.
-
5:36 - 5:40In the back of my mind, I've always felt
that sound was your thing, -
5:40 - 5:41a hearing person's thing.
-
5:44 - 5:46And sound is so powerful
-
5:47 - 5:50that it could either
disempower me and my artwork, -
5:50 - 5:52or it could empower me.
-
5:53 - 5:55I chose to be empowered.
-
5:57 - 6:00There's a massive culture
around spoken language. -
6:01 - 6:06And just because I don't use
my literal voice to communicate, -
6:07 - 6:10in society's eyes
it's as if I don't have a voice at all. -
6:13 - 6:17So I need to work with individuals
who can support me as an equal -
6:17 - 6:18and become my voice.
-
6:21 - 6:25And that way, I'm able to maintain
relevancy in society today. -
6:25 - 6:27So at school, at work and institutions,
-
6:27 - 6:30I work with many
different ASL interpreters. -
6:31 - 6:34And their voice becomes
my voice and identity. -
6:36 - 6:38They help me to be heard.
-
6:42 - 6:47And their voices hold value and currency.
-
6:52 - 6:55Ironically, by borrowing out their voices,
-
6:55 - 6:58I'm able to maintain
a temporary form of currency, -
6:58 - 7:01kind of like taking out a loan
with a very high interest rate. -
7:06 - 7:08If I didn't continue this practice,
-
7:08 - 7:11I feel that I could just
fade off into oblivion -
7:11 - 7:13and not maintain
any form of social currency. -
7:17 - 7:20So with sound as my new art medium,
-
7:20 - 7:22I delved into the world of music.
-
7:23 - 7:27And I was surprised to see
the similarities between music and ASL. -
7:29 - 7:31For example,
-
7:31 - 7:33a musical note
-
7:33 - 7:36cannot be fully captured
and expressed on paper. -
7:37 - 7:40And the same holds true
for a concept in ASL. -
7:42 - 7:46They're both highly spatial
and highly inflected -- -
7:50 - 7:52meaning that subtle changes
-
7:52 - 7:55can affect the entire meaning
-
7:55 - 7:57of both signs and sounds.
-
8:00 - 8:02I'd like to share with you
a piano metaphor, -
8:02 - 8:05to have you have a better
understanding of how ASL works. -
8:05 - 8:07So, envision a piano.
-
8:08 - 8:12ASL is broken down into
many different grammatical parameters. -
8:13 - 8:17If you assign a different parameter
to each finger as you play the piano -- -
8:17 - 8:22such as facial expression, body movement,
-
8:22 - 8:26speed, hand shape and so on,
-
8:26 - 8:28as you play the piano --
-
8:28 - 8:30English is a linear language,
-
8:30 - 8:33as if one key is being pressed at a time.
-
8:33 - 8:36However, ASL is more like a chord --
-
8:36 - 8:40all 10 fingers need
to come down simultaneously -
8:40 - 8:43to express a clear concept or idea in ASL.
-
8:46 - 8:50If just one of those keys
were to change the chord, -
8:50 - 8:52it would create a completely
different meaning. -
8:52 - 8:56The same applies to music
in regards to pitch, tone and volume. -
9:01 - 9:04In ASL, by playing around with these
different grammatical parameters, -
9:04 - 9:06you can express different ideas.
-
9:06 - 9:08For example, take the sign TO-LOOK-AT.
-
9:08 - 9:10This is the sign TO-LOOK-AT.
-
9:13 - 9:14I'm looking at you.
-
9:16 - 9:17Staring at you.
-
9:17 - 9:19(Laughter)
-
9:21 - 9:22(Laughter)
-
9:24 - 9:26Oh -- busted.
-
9:26 - 9:28(Laughter)
-
9:30 - 9:31Uh-oh.
-
9:34 - 9:35What are you looking at?
-
9:37 - 9:39Aw, stop.
-
9:39 - 9:40(Laughter)
-
9:40 - 9:42I then started thinking,
-
9:42 - 9:45"What if I was to look at ASL
through a musical lens?" -
9:45 - 9:48If I was to create a sign
and repeat it over and over, -
9:48 - 9:51it could become
like a piece of visual music. -
9:52 - 9:56For example, this is the sign for "day,"
-
9:56 - 9:58as the sun rises and sets.
-
10:00 - 10:02This is "all day."
-
10:04 - 10:08If I was to repeat it and slow it down,
-
10:08 - 10:10visually it looks like a piece of music.
-
10:12 - 10:14All ... day.
-
10:15 - 10:19I feel the same holds true
for "all night." -
10:22 - 10:23"All night."
-
10:24 - 10:27This is ALL-NIGHT,
represented in this drawing. -
10:31 - 10:34And this led me to thinking
about three different kinds of nights: -
10:38 - 10:39"last night,"
-
10:41 - 10:42"overnight,"
-
10:46 - 10:48(Sings) "all night long."
-
10:48 - 10:51(Laughter)
-
10:56 - 10:59I feel like the third one has
a lot more musicality than the other two. -
10:59 - 11:00(Laughter)
-
11:01 - 11:04This represents how time
is expressed in ASL -
11:04 - 11:09and how the distance from your body
can express the changes in time. -
11:09 - 11:11For example,
-
11:11 - 11:141H is one hand, 2H is two hand,
-
11:14 - 11:17present tense happens closest
and in front of the body, -
11:17 - 11:20future is in front of the body
and the past is to your back. -
11:24 - 11:27So, the first example
is "a long time ago." -
11:28 - 11:29Then "past,"
-
11:33 - 11:34"used to"
-
11:34 - 11:36and the last one, which is my favorite,
-
11:36 - 11:39with the very romantic
and dramatic notion to it, -
11:39 - 11:41"once upon a time."
-
11:41 - 11:42(Laughter)
-
11:46 - 11:49"Common time"
-
11:49 - 11:50is a musical term
-
11:50 - 11:54with a specific time signature
of four beats per measure. -
11:56 - 11:57Yet when I see the word "common time,"
-
11:57 - 12:01what automatically comes to mind for me
is "at the same time." -
12:02 - 12:05So notice RH: right hand, LH: left hand.
-
12:06 - 12:08We have the staff
across the head and the chest. -
12:08 - 12:09[Head: RH, Flash claw]
-
12:09 - 12:11[Common time]
-
12:11 - 12:12[Chest: LH, Flash claw]
-
12:14 - 12:17I'm now going to demonstrate
a hand shape called the "flash claw." -
12:19 - 12:21Can you please follow along with me?
-
12:22 - 12:23Everybody, hands up.
-
12:27 - 12:29Now we're going to do it
in both the head and the chest, -
12:29 - 12:32kind of like "common time"
or at the same time. -
12:36 - 12:37Yes, got it.
-
12:37 - 12:40That means "to fall in love"
in International [Sign]. -
12:40 - 12:42(Laughter)
-
12:42 - 12:44International [Sign], as a note,
-
12:44 - 12:47is a visual tool to help communicate
-
12:47 - 12:49across cultures and sign languages
around the world. -
12:50 - 12:52The second one I'd like
to demonstrate is this -- -
12:52 - 12:54please follow along with me again.
-
12:59 - 13:00And now this.
-
13:05 - 13:08This is "colonization" in ASL.
-
13:08 - 13:09(Laughter)
-
13:11 - 13:13Now the third --
-
13:13 - 13:14please follow along again.
-
13:19 - 13:20And again.
-
13:25 - 13:27This is "enlightenment" in ASL.
-
13:28 - 13:29So let's do all three together.
-
13:32 - 13:33"Fall in love,"
-
13:34 - 13:35"colonization"
-
13:36 - 13:37and "enlightenment."
-
13:39 - 13:40Good job, everyone.
-
13:40 - 13:41(Laughter)
-
13:41 - 13:43Notice how all three signs
are very similar, -
13:43 - 13:46they all happen at the head and the chest,
-
13:46 - 13:48but they convey quite different meanings.
-
13:48 - 13:51So it's amazing to see
how ASL is alive and thriving, -
13:51 - 13:52just like music is.
-
13:54 - 13:57However, in this day and age,
-
13:57 - 14:00we live in a very audio-centric world.
-
14:00 - 14:03And just because ASL has no sound to it,
-
14:03 - 14:06it automatically holds no social currency.
-
14:07 - 14:12We need to start thinking harder
about what defines social currency -
14:12 - 14:16and allow ASL to develop
its own form of currency -- -
14:16 - 14:17without sound.
-
14:18 - 14:23And this could possibly be a step
to lead to a more inclusive society. -
14:26 - 14:28And maybe people will understand
-
14:28 - 14:32that you don't need
to be deaf to learn ASL, -
14:32 - 14:34nor do you have to be hearing
to learn music. -
14:37 - 14:40ASL is such a rich treasure
-
14:40 - 14:42that I'd like you
to have the same experience. -
14:42 - 14:45And I'd like to invite you
to open your ears, -
14:45 - 14:47to open your eyes,
-
14:47 - 14:49take part in our culture
-
14:49 - 14:51and experience our visual language.
-
14:51 - 14:53And you never know,
-
14:53 - 14:55you might just fall in love with us.
-
14:55 - 14:57(Applause)
-
14:57 - 14:58Thank you.
-
14:59 - 15:00Denise Kahler-Braaten: Hey, that's me.
-
15:00 - 15:04(Applause)
- Title:
- The enchanting music of sign language
- Speaker:
- Christine Sun Kim
- Description:
-
Artist Christine Sun Kim was born deaf, and she was taught to believe that sound wasn't a part of her life, that it was a hearing person's thing. Through her art, she discovered similarities between American Sign Language and music, and she realized that sound doesn't have to be known solely through the ears — it can be felt, seen and experienced as an idea. In this endearing talk, she invites us to open our eyes and ears and participate in the rich treasure of visual language.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 15:17
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim | ||
Krystian Aparta edited English subtitles for Christine Sun Kim |