A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home
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0:02 - 0:03Please meet Jane.
-
0:04 - 0:06She has a high-risk pregnancy.
-
0:06 - 0:07Within 24 weeks,
-
0:07 - 0:10she's on bed rest at the hospital,
-
0:10 - 0:12being monitored
for her preterm contractions. -
0:13 - 0:15She doesn't look the happiest.
-
0:15 - 0:18That's in part because it requires
technicians and experts -
0:18 - 0:23to apply these clunky belts on her
to monitor her uterine contractions. -
0:24 - 0:28Another reason Jane is not so happy
is because she's worried. -
0:29 - 0:31In particular, she's worried
about what happens -
0:31 - 0:35after her 10-day stay
on bed rest at the hospital. -
0:35 - 0:38What happens when she's home?
-
0:38 - 0:41If she were to give birth this early
it would be devastating. -
0:42 - 0:44As an African-American woman,
-
0:44 - 0:47she's twice as likely
to have a premature birth -
0:47 - 0:49or to have a stillbirth.
-
0:50 - 0:53So Jane basically has one of two options:
-
0:53 - 0:55stay at the hospital on bed rest,
-
0:55 - 0:59a prisoner to the technology
until she gives birth, -
0:59 - 1:02and then spend the rest
of her life paying for the bill; -
1:03 - 1:08or head home after her 10-day stay
and hope for the best. -
1:08 - 1:11Neither of these two options
seems appealing. -
1:12 - 1:14As I began to think
about stories like this -
1:14 - 1:16and hear about stories like this,
-
1:16 - 1:18I began to ask myself and imagine:
-
1:18 - 1:20Is there an alternative?
-
1:20 - 1:24Is there a way we could have
the benefits of high-fidelity monitoring -
1:25 - 1:27that we get with our trusted
partners in the hospital -
1:27 - 1:30while someone is at home
living their daily life? -
1:31 - 1:32With that in mind,
-
1:32 - 1:34I encouraged people in my research group
-
1:34 - 1:38to partner with some
clever material scientists, -
1:38 - 1:40and all of us came together
and brainstormed. -
1:41 - 1:42And after a long process,
-
1:42 - 1:45we came up with a vision, an idea,
-
1:45 - 1:49of a wearable system that perhaps
you could wear like a piece of jewelry -
1:49 - 1:51or you could apply
to yourself like a Band-Aid. -
1:51 - 1:56And after many trials and tribulations
and years of endeavors, -
1:56 - 1:59we were able to come up
with this flexible electronic patch -
1:59 - 2:02that was manufactured
using the same processes -
2:02 - 2:05that they use to build computer chips,
-
2:05 - 2:09except the electronics are transferred
from a semiconductor wafer -
2:09 - 2:13onto a flexible material
that can interface with the human body. -
2:14 - 2:17These systems are about
the thickness of a human hair. -
2:18 - 2:21They can measure the types
of information that we want, -
2:22 - 2:23things such as:
-
2:23 - 2:24bodily movement,
-
2:25 - 2:26bodily temperature,
-
2:26 - 2:28electrical rhythms of the body
-
2:28 - 2:29and so forth.
-
2:29 - 2:31We can also engineer these systems,
-
2:32 - 2:34so they can integrate energy sources,
-
2:35 - 2:38and can have wireless
transmission capabilities. -
2:39 - 2:43So as we began to build
these types of systems, -
2:43 - 2:47we began to test them on ourselves
in our research group. -
2:47 - 2:50But in addition, we began to reach out
to some of our clinical partners -
2:50 - 2:51in San Diego,
-
2:51 - 2:55and test these on different patients
in different clinical conditions, -
2:55 - 2:58including moms-to-be like Jane.
-
2:59 - 3:04Here is a picture of a pregnant woman
in labor at our university hospital -
3:04 - 3:08being monitored for her uterine
contractions with the conventional belt. -
3:09 - 3:10In addition,
-
3:10 - 3:13our flexible electronic patches are there.
-
3:13 - 3:18This picture demonstrates waveforms
pertaining to the fetal heart rate, -
3:18 - 3:20where the red corresponds
to what was acquired -
3:21 - 3:22with the conventional belts,
-
3:22 - 3:25and the blue corresponds to our estimates
-
3:25 - 3:28using our flexible electronic systems
and our algorithms. -
3:29 - 3:30At this moment,
-
3:30 - 3:33we gave ourselves a big mental high five.
-
3:34 - 3:37Some of the things we had imagined
were beginning to come to fruition, -
3:37 - 3:40and we were actually seeing this
in a clinical context. -
3:40 - 3:42But there was still a problem.
-
3:42 - 3:45The problem was, the way
we manufactured these systems -
3:45 - 3:47was very inefficient,
-
3:47 - 3:48had low yield
-
3:48 - 3:49and was very error-prone.
-
3:50 - 3:51In addition,
-
3:51 - 3:54as we talked to some
of the nurses in the hospital, -
3:54 - 3:56they encouraged us to make sure
-
3:56 - 4:00that our electronics worked
with typical medical adhesives -
4:00 - 4:01that are used in a hospital.
-
4:02 - 4:04We had an epiphany and said,
"Wait a minute. -
4:05 - 4:08Rather than just making
them work with adhesives, -
4:08 - 4:11let's integrate them into adhesives,
-
4:11 - 4:14and that could solve
our manufacturing problem." -
4:14 - 4:16This picture that you see here
-
4:16 - 4:21is our ability to embed these censors
inside of a piece of Scotch tape -
4:21 - 4:24by simply peeling it off of a wafer.
-
4:24 - 4:28Ongoing work in our research group
allows us to, in addition, -
4:28 - 4:31embed integrated circuits
into the flexible adhesives -
4:31 - 4:35to do things like amplifying signals
and digitizing them, -
4:35 - 4:36processing them
-
4:36 - 4:39and encoding for wireless transmission.
-
4:39 - 4:43All of this integrated
into the same medical adhesives -
4:43 - 4:45that are used in the hospital.
-
4:46 - 4:47So when we reached this point,
-
4:47 - 4:50we had some other challenges,
-
4:50 - 4:53from both an engineering
as well as a usability perspective, -
4:53 - 4:56to make sure that we could
make it used practically. -
4:57 - 5:00In many digital health discussions,
-
5:00 - 5:05people believe in and embrace the idea
that we can simply digitize the data, -
5:05 - 5:06wirelessly transmit it,
-
5:06 - 5:08send it to the cloud,
-
5:08 - 5:09and in the cloud,
-
5:09 - 5:12we can extract meaningful
information for interpretation. -
5:12 - 5:15And indeed, you can do all of that,
-
5:15 - 5:18if you're not worried
about some of the energy challenges. -
5:18 - 5:19Think about Jane for a moment.
-
5:19 - 5:21She doesn't live in Palo Alto,
-
5:21 - 5:23nor does she live in Beverly Hills.
-
5:23 - 5:25What that means is,
-
5:25 - 5:28we have to be mindful about her data plan
and how much it would cost -
5:28 - 5:32for her to be sending out
a continuous stream of data. -
5:32 - 5:34There's another challenge
-
5:34 - 5:37that not everyone in the medical
profession is comfortable talking about. -
5:37 - 5:40And that is, that Jane
does not have the most trust -
5:40 - 5:42in the medical establishment.
-
5:42 - 5:48She, people like her, her ancestors,
have not had the best experiences -
5:48 - 5:51at the hands of doctors and the hospital
-
5:51 - 5:53or insurance companies.
-
5:53 - 5:57That means that we have to be mindful
of questions of privacy. -
5:57 - 5:58Jane might not feel that happy
-
5:58 - 6:02about all that data
being processed into the cloud. -
6:03 - 6:05And Jane cannot be fooled;
-
6:05 - 6:07she reads the news.
-
6:07 - 6:10She knows that if the federal
government can be hacked, -
6:10 - 6:12if the Fortune 500 can be hacked,
-
6:12 - 6:14so can her doctor.
-
6:15 - 6:17And so with that in mind,
-
6:17 - 6:18we had an epiphany.
-
6:19 - 6:22We cannot outsmart
all the hackers in the world, -
6:22 - 6:24but perhaps we can present
them a smaller target. -
6:25 - 6:27What if we could actually,
-
6:27 - 6:31rather than have those algorithms
that do data interpretation -
6:31 - 6:32run in the cloud,
-
6:33 - 6:36what if we have those algorithms run
on those small integrated circuits -
6:36 - 6:38embedded into those adhesives?
-
6:39 - 6:42And so when we integrate
these things together, -
6:42 - 6:46what this means is that now
we can think about the future -
6:46 - 6:50where someone like Jane can still
go about living her normal daily life, -
6:50 - 6:51she can be monitored,
-
6:51 - 6:55it can be done in a way where
she doesn't have to get another job -
6:55 - 6:56to pay her data plan,
-
6:56 - 7:00and we can also address
some of her concerns about privacy. -
7:01 - 7:02So at this point,
-
7:02 - 7:04we're feeling very good about ourselves.
-
7:04 - 7:05We've accomplished this,
-
7:05 - 7:08we've begun to address some
of these questions about privacy -
7:08 - 7:12and we feel like, pretty much
the chapter is closed now. -
7:12 - 7:15Everyone lived happily ever after, right?
-
7:17 - 7:18Well, not so fast.
-
7:18 - 7:20(Laughter)
-
7:20 - 7:23One of the things we have to remember,
as I mentioned earlier, -
7:23 - 7:26is that Jane does not have the most trust
in the medical establishment. -
7:26 - 7:27We have to remember
-
7:27 - 7:31that there are increasing
and widening health disparities, -
7:31 - 7:34and there's inequity in terms
of proper care management. -
7:35 - 7:37And so what that means
is that this simple picture -
7:37 - 7:39of Jane and her data --
-
7:39 - 7:43even with her being comfortable
being wirelessly transmitted to the cloud, -
7:43 - 7:45letting a doctor intervene if necessary --
-
7:45 - 7:47is not the whole story.
-
7:47 - 7:48So what we're beginning to do
-
7:49 - 7:53is to think about ways to have
trusted parties serve as intermediaries -
7:53 - 7:57between people like Jane
and her health care providers. -
7:57 - 8:00For example, we've begun
to partner with churches -
8:00 - 8:03and to think about nurses
that are church members, -
8:03 - 8:05that come from that trusted community,
-
8:05 - 8:09as patient advocates and health coaches
to people like Jane. -
8:09 - 8:11Another thing we have going for us
-
8:11 - 8:14is that insurance companies, increasingly,
-
8:14 - 8:16are attracted to some of these ideas.
-
8:16 - 8:18They're increasingly realizing
-
8:18 - 8:21that perhaps it's better
to pay one dollar now -
8:21 - 8:24for a wearable device and a health coach,
-
8:24 - 8:26rather than paying 10 dollars later,
-
8:26 - 8:29when that baby is born prematurely
-
8:29 - 8:32and ends up in the neonatal
intensive care unit -- -
8:32 - 8:35one of the most expensive
parts of a hospital. -
8:36 - 8:38This has been a long
learning process for us. -
8:39 - 8:42This iterative process of breaking
through and attacking one problem -
8:42 - 8:44and not feeling totally comfortable,
-
8:44 - 8:46and identifying the next problem,
-
8:46 - 8:48has helped us go along this path
-
8:48 - 8:51of actually trying to not only
innovate with this technology -
8:51 - 8:55but make sure it can be used for people
who perhaps need it the most. -
8:56 - 8:58Another learning lesson
we've taken from this process -
8:59 - 9:00that is very humbling,
-
9:00 - 9:04is that as technology progresses
and advances at an accelerating rate, -
9:04 - 9:08we have to remember that human beings
are using this technology, -
9:08 - 9:10and we have to be mindful
-
9:10 - 9:13that these human beings --
they have a face, -
9:13 - 9:15they have a name
-
9:15 - 9:16and a life.
-
9:16 - 9:17And in the case of Jane,
-
9:17 - 9:19hopefully, two.
-
9:20 - 9:21Thank you.
-
9:21 - 9:26(Applause)
- Title:
- A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home
- Speaker:
- Todd Coleman
- Description:
-
What if doctors could monitor patients at home with the same degree of accuracy they'd get during a stay at the hospital? Bioelectronics innovator Todd Coleman shares his quest to develop wearable, flexible electronic health monitoring patches that promise to revolutionize healthcare and make medicine less invasive.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 09:39
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Brian Greene approved English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for A temporary tattoo that brings hospital care to the home |