Why do we have museums? - J. V. Maranto
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0:12 - 0:15Hello, everyone.
Let's begin our guided tour. -
0:15 - 0:17Welcome to the Museum of Museums.
-
0:17 - 0:22Museums have been a part of human history
for over 2000 years. -
0:22 - 0:25But they weren't always
like the ones we visit today. -
0:25 - 0:32The history of museums is far older
and much stranger than you might imagine. -
0:32 - 0:34We'll start over here in the Greek wing.
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0:34 - 0:38Our word museum
comes from the Greek mouseion, -
0:38 - 0:44temples built for the Muses,
the goddesses of the arts and the sciences. -
0:44 - 0:48Supplicants asked the Muses
to keep watch over academics -
0:48 - 0:51and grant ingenuity
to those they deemed worthy. -
0:51 - 0:54The temples were filled
with offerings of sculptures, -
0:54 - 0:55mosaics,
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0:55 - 0:58complex scientific apparatuses,
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0:58 - 1:00poetic and literary inscriptions,
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1:00 - 1:05and any other tribute that would
demonstrate a mortal's worthiness -
1:05 - 1:07for divine inspiration.
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1:07 - 1:10We have arrived at the Mesopotamian wing.
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1:10 - 1:16The first museum was created in 530 B.C.
in what is now Iraq. -
1:16 - 1:21And the first curator
was actually a princess. -
1:21 - 1:26Ennigaldi-Nanna started to collect
and house Mesopotamian antiquities -
1:26 - 1:29in E-Gig-Par, her house.
-
1:29 - 1:32When archeologists excavated the area,
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1:32 - 1:36they discovered dozens of artifacts
neatly arranged in rows, -
1:36 - 1:40with clay labels
written in three languages. -
1:40 - 1:42She must have had interesting parties.
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1:42 - 1:48The tradition of collecting and displaying
intriguing items began to be mimicked, -
1:48 - 1:51as you can see here
in the Roman Empire wing. -
1:51 - 1:54Treasure houses
of politicians and generals -
1:54 - 1:57were filled with the spoils of war,
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1:57 - 2:00and royal menageries
displayed exotic animals -
2:00 - 2:04to the public on special occasions,
like gladiator tournaments. -
2:04 - 2:07As you can see, we have a lion here
and a gladiator, -
2:07 - 2:12and, well, the janitor ought
to be in this wing clearly. -
2:12 - 2:14Moving on, hurry along.
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2:14 - 2:18The next step in the evolution of museums
occurred in the Renaissance, -
2:18 - 2:21when the study of the natural world
was once again encouraged -
2:21 - 2:25after almost a millennium
of Western ignorance. -
2:25 - 2:29Curiosity cabinets,
also referred to as Wunderkammers, -
2:29 - 2:33were collections of objects that acted
as a kind of physical encyclopedia, -
2:33 - 2:35showcasing artifacts.
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2:35 - 2:39Just step into the wardrobe here.
There you go. Mind the coats. -
2:39 - 2:42And we'll tour Ole Worm's cabinet,
-
2:42 - 2:44One of the most notable Wunderkammers
-
2:44 - 2:47belonged to a wealthy
17th-century naturalist, -
2:47 - 2:51antiquarian, and physician Ole Worm.
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2:51 - 2:53Ole Worm collected natural specimens,
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2:53 - 2:55human skeletons,
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2:55 - 2:56ancient runic texts,
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2:56 - 2:59and artifacts from the New World.
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2:59 - 3:01In other curiosity cabinets,
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3:01 - 3:03you could find genetic anomalies,
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3:03 - 3:04precious stones,
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3:04 - 3:05works of art,
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3:05 - 3:08and religious and historic relics.
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3:08 - 3:11Oh my. You might not want to touch that.
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3:11 - 3:14These cabinets were private, again,
often in residencies, -
3:14 - 3:18curated by their owners,
rulers and aristocrats, -
3:18 - 3:21as well as merchants and early scientists.
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3:21 - 3:24Now, who hears a circus organ?
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3:24 - 3:25In the 1840s,
-
3:25 - 3:29an enterprising young showman
named Phineas T. Barnum -
3:29 - 3:33purchased some of the more famous
cabinets of curiosity from Europe -
3:33 - 3:37and started Barnum's American Museum
in New York City. -
3:37 - 3:40A spectacular hodgepodge of zoo,
-
3:40 - 3:41lecture hall,
-
3:41 - 3:42wax museum,
-
3:42 - 3:43theater,
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3:43 - 3:47and freak show that was known
for its eclectic residents, -
3:47 - 3:48such as bears,
-
3:48 - 3:49elephants,
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3:49 - 3:50acrobats,
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3:50 - 3:51giants,
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3:51 - 3:52Siamese twins,
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3:52 - 3:54a Fiji mermaid,
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3:54 - 3:56and a bearded lady,
-
3:56 - 4:00along with a host of modern machinery
and scientific instruments. -
4:00 - 4:04Museums open to the public
are a relatively new phenomenon. -
4:04 - 4:07Before Barnum, the first public museums
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4:07 - 4:10were only accessible
by the upper and middle classes, -
4:10 - 4:13and only on certain days.
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4:13 - 4:15Visitors would have to apply
to visit the museum -
4:15 - 4:18in writing prior to admision,
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4:18 - 4:21and only small groups could visit
the museum each day. -
4:21 - 4:25The Louvre famously allowed all members
of the public into the museum -
4:25 - 4:28but only three days a week.
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4:28 - 4:29In the 19th century,
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4:29 - 4:32the museum as we know it
began to take shape. -
4:32 - 4:34Institutions like the Smithsonian
were started -
4:34 - 4:39so that objects could be seen and studied,
not just locked away. -
4:39 - 4:42American museums, in particular,
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4:42 - 4:43commissioned experiments
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4:43 - 4:48and hired explorers to seek out
and retrieve natural samples. -
4:48 - 4:54Museums became centers for scholarship
and artistic and scientific discovery. -
4:54 - 4:57This is often called the Museum Age.
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4:57 - 5:01Nowadays, museums are open to everybody,
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5:01 - 5:03are centers of learning and research,
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5:03 - 5:07and are turning
into more hands-on institutions. -
5:07 - 5:10But the question of who gets to go
is still relevant -
5:10 - 5:14as ticket prices can sometimes
bar admission -
5:14 - 5:19to those future scholars, artists
and targets of divine inspiration -
5:19 - 5:22who can't afford
to satisfy their curiosity. -
5:22 - 5:24Thank you all for coming,
and please, -
5:24 - 5:27feel free to stop by the gift shop
of gift shops on your way out.
- Title:
- Why do we have museums? - J. V. Maranto
- Description:
-
View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/why-do-we-have-museums-j-v-maranto
Museums have been a part of human history for over 2,000 years -- but they weren't always like the ones we visit today. J. V. Maranto uncovers the evolution of museums, from the first museum in 530 BC (curated by a princess) to PT Barnum’s freak shows and beyond.
Lesson by J. V. Maranto, animation by Zedem Media.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 05:44
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Caroline Cristal approved English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Caroline Cristal accepted English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct | ||
Jessica Ruby edited English subtitles for 1411 07 A Maranto Julia MuseumofMuseums_Correct |