Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen
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0:19 - 0:20Thank you Mark.
-
0:23 - 0:24Ladies and gentlemen,
-
0:24 - 0:28you will probably wonder why I,
as a development economist, -
0:28 - 0:32am here today to talk
about treating trauma. -
0:34 - 0:37It's because I've come
to see that trauma is -
0:37 - 0:44not only a huge global problem
of truly epidemic proportions -
0:44 - 0:49but traumas also have a devastating impact
-
0:49 - 0:53on human development,
economic development, -
0:53 - 0:56and even on the possibility of peace.
-
0:59 - 1:02Given the importance of trauma worldwide,
-
1:02 - 1:08it's actually rather surprising
to see the invisibility, -
1:08 - 1:12it's almost like the problem is hidden.
-
1:14 - 1:21In fact, most traumas worldwide
remain unrecognized, -
1:21 - 1:25undiagnosed, and therefore untreated.
-
1:27 - 1:30That's particularly true
for the developing countries. -
1:31 - 1:33I'm here today to make a plea,
-
1:33 - 1:37to make available treatment services
-
1:37 - 1:42to the hundreds of millions
of people worldwide who are in need, -
1:43 - 1:46and to do so not in small doses,
-
1:46 - 1:48but rather as a quantum jump.
-
1:48 - 1:52I believe that that is now possible
for the first time in history, -
1:53 - 1:56with a new treatment called EMDR,
-
1:56 - 2:02for Eye Movement
Desensitization and Reprocessing. -
2:04 - 2:06Ladies and gentlemen,
-
2:06 - 2:10I have this picture on my desk at home,
-
2:10 - 2:16to remind me of the human face of trauma.
-
2:18 - 2:22Look at this man's eyes,
look at the anguish, -
2:22 - 2:25the vulnerability, the hopelessness.
-
2:26 - 2:31I first came to realize
the importance of trauma, -
2:31 - 2:36when I was UNICEF representative
in Bangladesh in the 1990s. -
2:36 - 2:38And I was pondering
-
2:38 - 2:42the development challenges
of the country, -
2:44 - 2:50its grinding poverty, their regularly
recurring natural disasters; -
2:51 - 2:55they've just gone through
a punishing war of liberation. -
2:56 - 2:59I could not believe
that anyone in that country -
3:00 - 3:04had actually been able
to escape being traumatized -
3:04 - 3:07because the signs
and the sources of trauma -
3:07 - 3:09were everywhere to be seen.
-
3:14 - 3:19So I was wondering what can we do
about a problem at such a large scale. -
3:20 - 3:23The answer came to me rather unexpectedly.
-
3:24 - 3:28I was taking a brief sabbatical
in San Francisco, -
3:28 - 3:30I was in a book store,
-
3:30 - 3:34and inexplicably, my hand reached out
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3:34 - 3:38to a book with the title EMDR.
-
3:38 - 3:43I'd never heard of EMDR, I didn't know
why my hand was doing this. -
3:43 - 3:46Nonetheless, I sat down
on the floor, began to read, -
3:46 - 3:49and about an hour later when I reemerged,
-
3:49 - 3:55I realized that I had just read
-
3:55 - 3:58about a treatment facility,
-
3:58 - 4:04a treatment modality,
that was rapidly scalable, -
4:04 - 4:08and that was very effective
in treating people -
4:08 - 4:10in a very short period of time.
-
4:10 - 4:13So that was exactly the kind of treatment
-
4:13 - 4:16that we could very well use in Bangladesh.
-
4:16 - 4:21So I called the author,
Dr. Francine Shapiro -
4:21 - 4:25- who also is the developer of EMDR -
-
4:25 - 4:28I asked for an appointment,
and the next day, I was in her home -
4:28 - 4:32negotiating a contract for EMDR trainers
to come to Bangladesh -
4:32 - 4:37and to begin to treat
the many people there. -
4:37 - 4:40The training would be given
-
4:40 - 4:46to the 54 Bangladeshi psychologists
and psychiatrists in that country. -
4:48 - 4:51So that way I learned first hand
-
4:51 - 4:56about the amazing,
almost magical effectiveness of EMDR. -
5:00 - 5:05Most of you probably have heard
or know someone, -
5:05 - 5:07who has been traumatized,
-
5:07 - 5:12perhaps even suffer from PTSD,
post traumatic stress disorders. -
5:13 - 5:15In fact, statistically speaking,
-
5:15 - 5:19there should be a good number
of you here in this audience -
5:19 - 5:22who actually have suffered PTSD yourself.
-
5:25 - 5:31The PTSD symptoms include three sets:
the first is the hyper-arousal, -
5:31 - 5:35that means you can't sleep,
you can't concentrate very well. -
5:35 - 5:39There is also easily being angered,
or getting into a panic, -
5:39 - 5:43or even feeling
intense feelings of hatred. -
5:44 - 5:47Then there is the reliving
of the traumatic event, -
5:47 - 5:50and that comes in nightmares,
-
5:52 - 5:55invasive, intrusive flashbacks.
-
5:56 - 5:59And thirdly, there is
the avoidance and numbing, -
5:59 - 6:05you avoid any situation
that reminds you of the traumatic event. -
6:05 - 6:07You avoid certain relationships.
-
6:08 - 6:12And there is also the growing
-
6:12 - 6:15distrust of anyone around you,
-
6:15 - 6:18your isolation, the hopelessness,
-
6:18 - 6:22and that can go all the way
to outright depression. -
6:23 - 6:25So, from these symptoms,
-
6:25 - 6:32you can see that PTSD is
a very severe and disabling illness -
6:32 - 6:35that has very serious consequences
-
6:35 - 6:39for both the ability to learn,
-
6:41 - 6:42the creativity of people,
-
6:43 - 6:47the productivity,
and the general well being. -
6:47 - 6:50There is also new evidence to show
-
6:50 - 6:54that if people have suffered
even a minor trauma -
6:55 - 6:58there are heightened chances there
-
6:58 - 7:03that you would get ill
with substance abuse, -
7:03 - 7:07with cardiac conditions,
and even with cancer. -
7:08 - 7:12There's a saying that says
"Violence begets violence." -
7:12 - 7:15What we don't often realize is
-
7:15 - 7:21that the trauma is the 'trait d'union'
between violence and violence. -
7:21 - 7:25Because, if somebody gets traumatized
-
7:25 - 7:28as a result of violence,
-
7:28 - 7:31then that person is at a heightened risk
-
7:31 - 7:37of himself or herself
become a perpetrator of violence. -
7:37 - 7:41That's actually
quite a scary understanding. -
7:42 - 7:45If PTSD is left untreated,
-
7:45 - 7:49then it will last a life time.
-
7:50 - 7:52Ladies and gentlemen,
-
7:53 - 7:55we don't have
a very good statistics worldwide, -
7:55 - 7:58about trauma and PTSD.
-
7:58 - 8:00But if we look at the number of people
-
8:00 - 8:05who are exposed to
traumatic circumstances and events, -
8:05 - 8:08we may be able to get
an order of magnitude. -
8:08 - 8:11For example, take a look
at these numbers here. -
8:11 - 8:15They're all taken
from authoritative sources. -
8:15 - 8:181.5 billion people worldwide live
-
8:18 - 8:22in situations of political
and criminal violence. -
8:22 - 8:28That includes the Syrias and the Congos,
and Somalias, and all the other countries. -
8:28 - 8:31Then 42 million people worldwide
-
8:31 - 8:35are either refugees
or internally displaced people, -
8:35 - 8:39and displacement itself
is a big risk factor for trauma. -
8:39 - 8:46Some 200 million people have been exposed
to natural disasters in 2011 alone. -
8:46 - 8:50And so, this becoming an annual feature
-
8:50 - 8:54with the global climate change
-
8:54 - 8:57more and more people getting traumatized.
-
8:57 - 9:02Then some 1.3 billion people
are living in absolute poverty. -
9:03 - 9:06I don't think that we can imagine
[more] traumatizing circumstances -
9:06 - 9:11in which these people
live their day to day life. -
9:11 - 9:13And then get this,
-
9:13 - 9:17one in every three women worldwide
-
9:17 - 9:22actually suffer during their lifetime
-
9:22 - 9:26from sexual, physical or emotional abuse.
-
9:26 - 9:30These are staggering numbers
you will agree. -
9:31 - 9:34Most of these traumas
are called Big "T" traumas -
9:34 - 9:39because they are the results
of extreme events. -
9:40 - 9:44They are the results
of loud emergency, if you could say, -
9:44 - 9:47But there are also the small "t" traumas.
-
9:47 - 9:49And they are well known to all of us,
-
9:49 - 9:55they are caused by
everyday traumatizing events, -
9:55 - 9:58usually we call them normal events,
-
9:58 - 10:02but they are accidents, they are bullying,
-
10:02 - 10:08they are child abuse, divorce
and many other circumstances like that. -
10:09 - 10:11These are silent emergencies
-
10:11 - 10:16but they affect literally millions
and millions of people at any given time. -
10:16 - 10:21If you add big "T" trauma
and small "t" trauma together, -
10:21 - 10:25you end up with a staggering
global burden of trauma. -
10:25 - 10:27Now, let me hasten to say
-
10:27 - 10:32that not all traumatic experiences
also lead to PTSD. -
10:32 - 10:38Thankfully, humans are,
by and large, remarkably resilient -
10:39 - 10:42and usually, after traumatic experience
-
10:42 - 10:48get better all by themselves
without any medical or psychological help. -
10:49 - 10:50If we took
-
10:53 - 10:57the PTSD prevalence,
life time prevalence of the United States, -
10:57 - 10:59which is between 7 and 8%,
-
10:59 - 11:03and we apply that number
to the world as a whole, -
11:03 - 11:08we would end up with
at least 500 million cases of PTSD. -
11:09 - 11:15That's like the total population
of the European Union. -
11:15 - 11:20And the question could be asked:
"Is this problem not too big to tackle?" -
11:20 - 11:23I think a mere 30 years ago,
-
11:23 - 11:25I would have said,
yeah, this can't be done. -
11:25 - 11:28We didn't have the means, we didn't have
the technology at that time. -
11:28 - 11:33But today I think, with EMDR,
we actually have a good chance. -
11:33 - 11:36In a way, I believe that, you know,
-
11:36 - 11:39this is not rocket science
to begin to deal with this problem, -
11:39 - 11:42even at that very large scale.
-
11:42 - 11:44How does EMDR work?
-
11:44 - 11:48EMDR resolves the emotional distress,
-
11:48 - 11:52but the precise mechanism is probably
-
11:52 - 11:57a good topic for the next TED talk.
-
11:58 - 12:01Meanwhile, let me just say
-
12:01 - 12:06that the psycho-neuro
physiological processes -
12:06 - 12:11that lead to the healing
are set in motion by bilateral stimulation -
12:11 - 12:15and that is usually
rapid eye movement, from left to right. -
12:15 - 12:19It seems as simple and magical as that.
-
12:19 - 12:25As soon as that process has happened,
-
12:25 - 12:30the trauma memory is healed
-
12:30 - 12:34and all the symptoms of PTSD disappear.
-
12:35 - 12:38And they disappear for good.
They won't come back. -
12:38 - 12:41And all of this can be done
in a matter of few sessions. -
12:41 - 12:43This is why the World Health Organization
-
12:43 - 12:47recently gave official recognition to EMDR
-
12:47 - 12:52as one-evidence based
and scientifically validated -
12:53 - 12:56treatment modality for trauma.
-
12:57 - 13:03We now have the possibilities
of rapidly scaling up -
13:03 - 13:06with this new treatment called EMDR.
-
13:06 - 13:10EMDR can treat
in a matter of hours and days, -
13:10 - 13:13as opposed to the conventional therapy
-
13:13 - 13:19that took weeks, months,
and sometimes years of therapy. -
13:19 - 13:25It can also be administered to groups
of people not just individuals. -
13:25 - 13:29It is more easily accepted,
because unlike the conventional treatment, -
13:29 - 13:31you don't have
to talk about your trauma, -
13:31 - 13:35people who have been traumatized
don't want to talk about their trauma. -
13:35 - 13:38And then there's a possibility
of using paraprofessionals -
13:41 - 13:47to provide services
of psychological first aid, -
13:47 - 13:52thereby relieving the psychologists
and psychiatrists -
13:52 - 13:55from the more mundane kind of work.
-
13:55 - 14:01So based on my profession
as a development economist, -
14:01 - 14:03I'm convinced that it is now possible
-
14:03 - 14:09to begin to scale up
these trauma services. -
14:10 - 14:11Ladies and gentlemen,
-
14:11 - 14:14you will agree with me
-
14:16 - 14:21that this woman
and all the millions of people -
14:21 - 14:24who have been traumatized like her,
-
14:24 - 14:27at least deserve their peace of mind.
-
14:27 - 14:29They deserve actually much more,
-
14:29 - 14:34they deserve to get back
their laughter and their self confidence, -
14:34 - 14:38and be able to make
a contribution to society again, -
14:38 - 14:41and be part of their community.
-
14:41 - 14:45What would the world look like
-
14:45 - 14:50if we were able to
systematically heal all the traumas? -
14:51 - 14:58I believe that that world
would be a lot less violent -
14:59 - 15:04because we would finally begin
to interrupt the insidious, -
15:04 - 15:10interpersonal and inter-generational
transmission of violence and abuse. -
15:11 - 15:15So, that world, I believe, would be
-
15:15 - 15:20a lot more peaceful,
and also a lot more prosperous. -
15:21 - 15:25I believe that that world is within reach.
-
15:27 - 15:28I am convinced
-
15:28 - 15:33that EMDR has the power and the potential
-
15:34 - 15:36to help treat and heal
-
15:37 - 15:42the humanity's wounded memories.
-
15:43 - 15:45Do you think that that will happen?
-
15:47 - 15:48Thank you.
-
15:48 - 15:50(Applause)
- Title:
- Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen
- Description:
-
This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences.
Rolf Carriere speaks about the use of EMDR to heal trauma on a global scale. - Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 16:13
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ approved English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen | ||
Denise RQ edited English subtitles for Healing trauma, healing humanity | Rolf Carriere | TEDxGroningen |