[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the path that American children \Ntravel to adulthood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two institutions oversee the journey.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is the one we hear \Na lot about: college.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may remember\Nthe excitement that you felt
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you first set off for college.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may be in college right now.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're feeling this excitement\Nat this very moment.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,College has some shortcomings.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's expensive and leaves\Nyoung people in debt.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all in all, it's a pretty good path.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people emerge from college\Nwith pride and with great friends
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a lot of knowledge \Nabout the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a better chance in the labor market\Nthan they had before they got there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I want to talk about\Nthe second institution
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overseeing the journey from childhood\Nto adulthood in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that institution is prison.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people on this journey\Nare meeting with probation officers
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of with teachers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to court dates\Ninstead of to class.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their junior year abroad is instead\Na trip to a state correctional facility.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're emerging from their 20s
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not with degrees in business and English,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with criminal records.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This institution is also costing us a lot,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 40,000 dollars a year\Nto send a young person
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prison in New Jersey.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here, tax payers are footing the bill
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what kids are getting\Nis a cold prison cell
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a permanent mark against them\Nwhen they come home
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and apply for work.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are more and more kids\Non this journey to adulthood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ever before in the United States
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because in the past 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our incarceration rate \Nhas grown by 700 percent.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have one slide for this talk,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here it is.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's our incarceration rate,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 716 people per 100,000\Nin the population.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the OACD countries.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, it's poor kids\Nthat we're sending to prison,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too many drawn from African-American\Nand Latino communities
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that prison now stands firmly between\Nthe young people trying to make it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fulfillment of the American dream.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem's actually \Na bit worse than this
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause we're not just sending \Npoor kids to prison,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're saddling poor kids with court fees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with probation and parole restrictions,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with low-level warrants,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're asking them to live \Nin halfway houses
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on house arrest,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're asking them to negotiate\Na police force
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is entering poor communities\Nof color,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not for the purposes \Nof promoting public safety,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to make arrest counts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to line city coffers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the hidden underside\Nto our historic experiement
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in punishment:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people worried that at any moment,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will be stopped, searched and seized.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just in the streets, \Nbut in their homes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at school and at work.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got interested in this other path\Nto adultoood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was myself a college student
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attending the University of Pennsylvania
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early 2000s.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Penn sits within a historic \NAfrican-American neighborhood.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have these two parallel\Njourneys going on simultaneously:
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids attending \Nthis elite, private university,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the kids from \Nthe adjacent neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of whom are making it to college,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many of whom \Nare being shipped to prison.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my sophomore year, I started tutoring\Na young woman
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was in high school who lived\Nabout 10 minutes away
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the university.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon, her cousin came home \Nfrom a juvenile detention center.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was 15, a freshman in high school.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began to get to know him \Nand his friends and family,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I asked him what he thought \Nabout me writing about his life
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for my senior thesis in college.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This senior thesis became a disertation\Nat Princeton
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now a book.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of my sophomore year,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I moved into the neighborhood
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I spent the next six years
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to understand \Nwhat young people
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were facing as they came of age.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first week I spent\Nin this neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw two boys,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5 and 7-years-old,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play this game of "Chase" where\Nthe older boy
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ran after the other boy.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He played the cop.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cop caught up to the younger boy,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he pushed him down,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handcuffed him with imaginary handcuffs,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took a quarter out of \Nthe other child's pocket,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked saying, "I'm seizing that."
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He asked the child if \Nhe was carrying any drugs
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if he had a warrant.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many times, I saw this game repeated,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes children would simply\Ngive up running,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stick their bodies flat \Nagainst the ground
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their hands above their head
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or flat up against a wall.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children would yell at each other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm going to lock you up\Nand you're never coming home!"
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once I saw a 6-year-old child
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pull another child's pants down
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to do a cavity search.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first 18 months that I lived\Nin this neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote down any time I saw \Nany contact between police
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people that were my neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the first 18 months,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I watched the police stop pedestrians\Nor people in cars,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,search people, run people's names,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chase people through the streets,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pull people in for questioning,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or make an arrest every single day
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with five exceptions.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,52 times, I watched the police\Nbreak down doors,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chase people through houses
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or make an arrest of someone\Nin their home.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14 times in this first year and a half,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I watched the police punch, choke,\Nkick, stomp on, or beat young men
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they had caught them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bit by bit, I got to know two brothers,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck and Tim.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck was 18 when we met,\Na senior in high school.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was playing on the basketball team\Nand making C's and B's.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His younger brother, Tim, was 10.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Tim loved Chuck, he followed\Nhim around a lot,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked to Chuck to be a mentor.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived with their mom and grandfather
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a two-story row home with a front lawn\Nand a back porch.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their mom was struggling with addiction
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all while the boys were growing up.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She never really was able \Nto hold down a job
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for very long.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was their grandfather's pension\Nthat supported the family,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not really enough to pay\Nfor food and clothes
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and school supplies for growing boys.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The family was really struggling.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we met, Chuck was\Na senior in high school.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had just turned 18.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That winter, a kid in the school yard
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Chuck's mom a crack whore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck pushed the kid's face into the snow
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the cops charged him \Nwith aggravated assault.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other kid was fine the next day,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it was his pride that was injured\Nmore than anything.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anyway, since Chuck was 18,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this ag. assault cause sent him \Nto adult county jail
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on State Road in northeast Philadelphia,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he sat, unable to pay the bail --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he couldn't afford it--
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the trial dates dragged on and on
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through almost his entire senior year.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, near the end of this season,