[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.06,0:00:04.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the path that American children \Ntravel to adulthood,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.97,0:00:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two institutions oversee the journey.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.52,0:00:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first is the one we hear \Na lot about: college.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.26,0:00:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may remember\Nthe excitement that you felt
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.84,0:00:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you first set off for college.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.43,0:00:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you may be in college right now
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.98,0:00:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're feeling this excitement\Nat this very moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.99,0:00:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,College has some shortcomings.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.67,0:00:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's expensive; it leaves\Nyoung people in debt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.00,0:00:31.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all in all, it's a pretty good path.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.95,0:00:37.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people emerge from college\Nwith pride and with great friends
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.11,0:00:39.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with a lot of knowledge \Nabout the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.45,0:00:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And perhaps most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.29,0:00:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a better chance in the labor market\Nthan they had before they got there.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.80,0:00:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today I want to talk about\Nthe second institution
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.50,0:00:54.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overseeing the journey from childhood\Nto adulthood in the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.06,0:00:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that institution is prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.79,0:01:02.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people on this journey\Nare meeting with probation officers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.54,0:01:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of with teachers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.94,0:01:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're going to court dates\Ninstead of to class.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.83,0:01:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their junior year abroad is instead\Na trip to a state correctional facility.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.91,0:01:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're emerging from their 20s
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.60,0:01:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not with degrees in business and English,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.80,0:01:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with criminal records.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.51,0:01:25.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This institution is also costing us a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.11,0:01:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 40,000 dollars a year
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.75,0:01:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to send a young person\Nto prison in New Jersey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.17,0:01:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here, taxpayers are footing the bill
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.72,0:01:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what kids are getting\Nis a cold prison cell
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.21,0:01:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a permanent mark against them\Nwhen they come home
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.02,0:01:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and apply for work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.76,0:01:46.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are more and more kids\Non this journey to adulthood
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.21,0:01:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than ever before in the United States\Nand that's because in the past 40 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.44,0:01:57.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our incarceration rate \Nhas grown by 700 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.19,0:01:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have one slide for this talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.32,0:02:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.76,0:02:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's our incarceration rate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.62,0:02:09.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 716 people per 100,000\Nin the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.20,0:02:14.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's the OECD countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.88,0:02:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's more, it's poor kids\Nthat we're sending to prison,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.62,0:02:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too many drawn from African-American\Nand Latino communities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.10,0:02:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that prison now stands firmly between\Nthe young people trying to make it
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.99,0:02:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the fulfillment of the American Dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.42,0:02:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem's actually \Na bit worse than this
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.27,0:02:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause we're not just sending \Npoor kids to prison,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.95,0:02:41.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're saddling poor kids with court fees,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.92,0:02:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with probation and parole restrictions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.24,0:02:46.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with low-level warrants,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.13,0:02:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're asking them to live \Nin halfway houses and on house arrest,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.62,0:02:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're asking them \Nto negotiate a police force
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.23,0:02:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is entering poor\Ncommunities of color,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.64,0:02:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not for the purposes \Nof promoting public safety,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.84,0:03:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to make arrest counts,\Nto line city coffers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.54,0:03:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the hidden underside to our\Nhistoric experiment in punishment:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.92,0:03:15.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young people worried that at any moment,\Nthey will be stopped, searched and seized.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.64,0:03:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just in the streets, \Nbut in their homes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.26,0:03:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at school and at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.92,0:03:26.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got interested in this \Nother path to adulthood
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.12,0:03:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was myself a college student
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.36,0:03:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,attending the University of Pennsylvania
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.42,0:03:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the early 2000s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.49,0:03:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Penn sits within a historic \NAfrican-American neighborhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.06,0:03:41.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you've got these two parallel\Njourneys going on simultaneously:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.30,0:03:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the kids attending \Nthis elite, private university,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.42,0:03:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the kids from \Nthe adjacent neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.88,0:03:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of whom are making it to college,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.81,0:03:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many of whom \Nare being shipped to prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.83,0:03:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my sophomore year, I started tutoring\Na young woman who was in high school
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.42,0:04:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who lived about 10 minutes\Naway from the university.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.41,0:04:03.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Soon, her cousin came home \Nfrom a juvenile detention center.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.94,0:04:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was 15, a freshman in high school.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.60,0:04:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began to get to know him \Nand his friends and family,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.26,0:04:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I asked him what he thought \Nabout me writing about his life
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.61,0:04:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for my senior thesis in college.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This senior thesis became\Na dissertation at Princeton
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.39,0:04:21.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now a book.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.94,0:04:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of my sophomore year,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.53,0:04:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I moved into the neighborhood\Nand I spent the next six years
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.90,0:04:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to understand what young people\Nwere facing as they came of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.23,0:04:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first week I spent\Nin this neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.32,0:04:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw two boys, five and seven years old,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.89,0:04:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play this game of chase,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.39,0:04:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the older boy\Nran after the other boy.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.34,0:04:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He played the cop.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.53,0:04:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the cop caught up\Nto the younger boy,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.72,0:04:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he pushed him down,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.42,0:04:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handcuffed him with imaginary handcuffs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.97,0:04:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took a quarter out of \Nthe other child's pocket,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.28,0:04:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying, "I'm seizing that."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.87,0:04:58.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He asked the child if \Nhe was carrying any drugs
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.21,0:05:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or if he had a warrant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.66,0:05:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many times, I saw this game repeated,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.66,0:05:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes children would \Nsimply give up running,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.05,0:05:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and stick their bodies flat \Nagainst the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.25,0:05:10.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their hands above their heads,\Nor flat up against a wall.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.59,0:05:12.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Children would yell at each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.59,0:05:13.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I'm going to lock you up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.87,0:05:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to lock you up\Nand you're never coming home!"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.05,0:05:21.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once I saw a six-year-old child\Npull another child's pants down
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.41,0:05:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to do a cavity search.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.76,0:05:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first 18 months that I lived\Nin this neighborhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.94,0:05:31.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wrote down every time I saw\Nany contact between police
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.63,0:05:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people that were my neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.55,0:05:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in the first 18 months,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.65,0:05:40.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I watched the police stop \Npedestrians or people in cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.42,0:05:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,search people, run people's names,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.59,0:05:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chase people through the streets,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.53,0:05:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pull people in for questioning,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.31,0:05:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or make an arrest every single day,\Nwith five exceptions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.14,0:05:55.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fifty-two times, I watched the police\Nbreak down doors,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.08,0:05:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chase people through houses
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.12,0:06:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or make an arrest of someone\Nin their home.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.34,0:06:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fourteen times\Nin this first year and a half,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.15,0:06:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I watched the police punch, choke,\Nkick, stomp on or beat young men
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.45,0:06:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they had caught them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.29,0:06:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bit by bit, I got to know two brothers,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.66,0:06:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck and Tim.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.21,0:06:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck was 18 when we met,\Na senior in high school.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.25,0:06:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was playing on the basketball team\Nand making C's and B's.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.80,0:06:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His younger brother, Tim, was 10.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.70,0:06:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Tim loved Chuck;\Nhe followed him around a lot,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.85,0:06:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked to Chuck to be a mentor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.14,0:06:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They lived with their mom and grandfather
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.28,0:06:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a two-story row home \Nwith a front lawn and a back porch.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.72,0:06:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their mom was struggling with addiction\Nall while the boys were growing up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.38,0:06:43.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She never really was able \Nto hold down a job for very long.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.24,0:06:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was their grandfather's pension\Nthat supported the family,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.28,0:06:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not really enough to pay\Nfor food and clothes
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.48,0:06:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and school supplies for growing boys.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.22,0:06:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The family was really struggling.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.40,0:06:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we met, Chuck was\Na senior in high school.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.78,0:06:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He had just turned 18.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.63,0:07:02.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That winter, a kid in the schoolyard
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.77,0:07:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Chuck's mom a crack whore.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.03,0:07:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck pushed the kid's face into the snow
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.90,0:07:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the school cops charged him \Nwith aggravated assault.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.73,0:07:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other kid was fine the next day,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.48,0:07:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it was his pride that was injured\Nmore than anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.95,0:07:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anyway, since Chuck was 18,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.66,0:07:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this agg. assault case sent him \Nto adult county jail
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.85,0:07:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on State Road in northeast Philadelphia,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.28,0:07:29.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he sat, unable to pay the bail --\Nhe couldn't afford it --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.34,0:07:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the trial dates \Ndragged on and on and on
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.54,0:07:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through almost his entire senior year.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.93,0:07:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, near the end of this season,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.98,0:07:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the judge on this assault case\Nthrew out most of the charges
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.32,0:07:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Chuck came home
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.66,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with only a few hundred dollars' worth\Nof court fees hanging over his head.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim was pretty happy that day.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.55,0:07:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next fall, Chuck tried \Nto re-enroll as a senior,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.30,0:07:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the school secretary told him that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.32,0:07:58.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was then 19 and too old \Nto be readmitted.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.45,0:08:02.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the judge on his assault case\Nissued him a warrant for his arrest
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.11,0:08:05.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he couldn't pay \Nthe 225 dollars in court fees
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.39,0:08:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came due a few weeks after\Nthe case ended.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.92,0:08:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then he was a high school dropout\Nliving on the run.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.94,0:08:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tim's first arrest came later that year
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.99,0:08:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after he turned 11.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.77,0:08:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck had managed\Nto get his warrant lifted
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.90,0:08:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was on a payment plan\Nfor the court fees
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.56,0:08:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was driving Tim to school\Nin his girlfriend's car.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.07,0:08:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a cop pulls them over, runs the car,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.81,0:08:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the car comes up \Nas stolen in California.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.59,0:08:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck had no idea where in the history\Nof this car it had been stolen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.71,0:08:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His girlfriend's uncle bought it\Nfrom a used car auction
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.19,0:08:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in northeast Philly.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.66,0:08:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck and Tim had never been\Noutside of the tri-state,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.48,0:08:45.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone to California.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.83,0:08:47.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But anyway, the cops down at the precinct
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.93,0:08:51.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charged Chuck with \Nreceiving stolen property.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.50,0:08:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a juvenile judge, \Na few days later,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.31,0:08:56.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charged Tim, age 11,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.46,0:08:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with accessory to receiving\Na stolen property
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.54,0:09:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then he was placed on \Nthree years of probation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.43,0:09:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With this probation sentence \Nhanging over his head,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.33,0:09:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chuck sat his little brother down
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.42,0:09:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and began teaching him\Nhow to run from the police.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.87,0:09:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would sit side by side \Non their back porch
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.20,0:09:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking out into the shared alleyway
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.26,0:09:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Chuck would coach Tim\Nhow to spot undercover cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.10,0:09:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to negotiate a late-night police raid,\Nhow and where to hide.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.01,0:09:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to imagine for a second
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.69,0:09:31.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what Chuck and Tim's lives would be like
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.06,0:09:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they were living in a neighborhood\Nwhere kids were going to college,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.81,0:09:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.92,0:09:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A neighborhood like the one \NI got to grow up in.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.07,0:09:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, you might say.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.54,0:09:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Chuck and Tim, kids like them,\Nthey're committing crimes!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.29,0:09:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't they deserve to be in prison?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.41,0:09:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't they deserve to be \Nliving in fear of arrest?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.23,0:09:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, my answer would be no.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.35,0:09:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.43,0:09:59.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And certainly not for the same things \Nthat other young people
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.46,0:10:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with more privilege are doing\Nwith impunity.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.90,0:10:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Chuck had gone to my high school,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.72,0:10:07.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that schoolyard fight \Nwould have ended there,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.04,0:10:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a schoolyard fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.72,0:10:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It never would have become\Nan aggravated assault case.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.94,0:10:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a single kid that\NI went to college with
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.76,0:10:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has a criminal record right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.44,0:10:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not a single one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.31,0:10:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But can you imagine how many might have\Nif the police had stopped those kids
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.32,0:10:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and searched their pockets for drugs\Nas they walked to class?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.18,0:10:31.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or had raided their frat parties\Nin the middle of the night?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.38,0:10:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, you might say.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.66,0:10:35.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But doesn't this high incarceration rate
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.65,0:10:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,partly account for our \Nreally low crime rate?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.40,0:10:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crime is down. That's a good thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.82,0:10:43.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Totally, that is a good thing.\NCrime is down.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.31,0:10:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It dropped precipitously in\Nthe '90s and through the 2000s.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.84,0:10:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But according to a committee of academics
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.88,0:10:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convened by the National Academy\Nof Sciences last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.54,0:10:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relationship between our\Nhistorically high incarceration rates
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.54,0:11:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our low crime rate is pretty shaky.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.13,0:11:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that the crime rate\Ngoes up and down
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.57,0:11:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrespective of how many young people\Nwe send to prison.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.26,0:11:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tend to think about justice\Nin a pretty narrow way:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.36,0:11:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,good and bad, innocent and guilty.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.96,0:11:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Injustice is about being \Nwrongfully convicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.32,0:11:21.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're convicted \Nof something you did do,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.63,0:11:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should be punished for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.47,0:11:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are innocent and guilty people,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.23,0:11:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are victims and \Nthere are perpetrators.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.67,0:11:32.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe we could think a little bit\Nmore broadly than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.07,0:11:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, we're asking kids who live\Nin the most disadvantaged neighborhoods,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.50,0:11:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have the least amount\Nof family resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.79,0:11:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are attending \Nthe country's worst schools,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.35,0:11:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are facing the toughest time\Nin the labor market,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.25,0:11:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are living in neighborhoods\Nwhere violence is an everyday problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.91,0:11:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're asking these kids to walk\Nthe thinnest possible line --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.48,0:11:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to basically never do anything wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.29,0:12:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we not providing support\Nto young kids facing these challenges?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.79,0:12:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we offering only handcuffs,\Njail time and this fugitive existence?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.04,0:12:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we imagine something better?\N
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.54,0:12:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we imagine a criminal justice system\Nthat prioritizes recovery,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.80,0:12:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prevention, civic inclusion,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.38,0:12:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than punishment?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.09,0:12:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.86,0:12:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A criminal justice system \Nthat acknowledges
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.13,0:12:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the legacy of exclusion that poor people\Nof color in the U.S. have faced
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.11,0:12:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that does not promote\Nand perpetuate those exclusions.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.27,0:12:41.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.29,0:12:47.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally, a criminal justice system\Nthat believes in black young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.85,0:12:51.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than treating black young people \Nas the enemy to be rounded up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.72,0:12:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.46,0:13:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is that we already are.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.29,0:13:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few years ago, Michelle Alexander\Nwrote "The New Jim Crow,"
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.11,0:13:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which got Americans to see \Nincarceration as a civil rights issue
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.12,0:13:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of historic proportions in a way\Nthey had not seen it before.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.48,0:13:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,President Obama and Attorney General \NEric Holder have come out very strongly
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.24,0:13:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on sentencing reform,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.96,0:13:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the need to address \Nracial disparity in incarceration.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.70,0:13:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're seeing states throw out\NStop and Frisk
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.31,0:13:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the civil rights violation that it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.34,0:13:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're seeing cities and states\Ndecriminalize possession of marijuana.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.40,0:13:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New York, New Jersey\Nand California
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.26,0:13:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been dropping their \Nprison populations, closing prisons,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.09,0:13:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while also seeing a big drop in crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.38,0:13:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Texas has gotten into the game now,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.07,0:13:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also closing prisons, \Ninvesting in education.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.91,0:13:52.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This curious coalition is building \Nfrom the right and the left,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.57,0:13:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made up of former prisoners\Nand fiscal conservatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.02,0:13:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of civil rights activists\Nand libertarians,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.35,0:14:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of young people taking to the streets\Nto protest police violence
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.33,0:14:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against unarmed black teenagers,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.16,0:14:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and older, wealthier people --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.21,0:14:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of you are here in the audience --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.08,0:14:14.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pumping big money into \Ndecarceration initiatives
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.36,0:14:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a deeply divided Congress,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.11,0:14:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the work of reforming \Nour criminal justice system
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.81,0:14:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just about the only thing\Nthat the right and the left
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.60,0:14:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are coming together on.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.19,0:14:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did not think I would see\Nthis political moment in my lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.10,0:14:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think many of the people\Nwho have been working tirelessly
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.71,0:14:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to write about the causes and consequences
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.87,0:14:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our historically \Nhigh incarceration rates
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.10,0:14:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not think we would see\Nthis moment in our lifetime.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.87,0:14:44.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question for us now is,\Nhow much can we make of it?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.65,0:14:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much can we change?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.62,0:14:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to end with a call to young people,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.18,0:14:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the young people attending college
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.82,0:14:54.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the young people\Nstruggling to stay out of prison
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.93,0:14:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to make it through prison\Nand return home.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.03,0:15:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It may seem like these paths\Nto adulthood are worlds apart,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.06,0:15:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the young people participating\Nin these two institutions
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.50,0:15:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conveying us to adulthood,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.43,0:15:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have one thing in common:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.100,0:15:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both can be leaders in the work\Nof reforming our criminal justice system.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.48,0:15:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Young people have always been leaders\Nin the fight for equal rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.82,0:15:22.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the fight for more people \Nto be granted dignity
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.08,0:15:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a fighting chance at freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.64,0:15:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mission for the generation \Nof young people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.01,0:15:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming of age in this, a sea-change\Nmoment, potentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.99,0:15:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to end mass incarceration and \Nbuild a new criminal justice system,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.26,0:15:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,emphasis on the word justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.18,0:15:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.59,0:15:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)